// Package asyncreader provides an asynchronous reader which reads
// independently of write
package asyncreader

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"io"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pool"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
)

const (
	// BufferSize is the default size of the async buffer
	BufferSize           = 1024 * 1024
	softStartInitial     = 4 * 1024
	bufferCacheSize      = 64              // max number of buffers to keep in cache
	bufferCacheFlushTime = 5 * time.Second // flush the cached buffers after this long
)

// ErrorStreamAbandoned is returned when the input is closed before the end of the stream
var ErrorStreamAbandoned = errors.New("stream abandoned")

// AsyncReader will do async read-ahead from the input reader
// and make the data available as an io.Reader.
// This should be fully transparent, except that once an error
// has been returned from the Reader, it will not recover.
type AsyncReader struct {
	in      io.ReadCloser  // Input reader
	ready   chan *buffer   // Buffers ready to be handed to the reader
	token   chan struct{}  // Tokens which allow a buffer to be taken
	exit    chan struct{}  // Closes when finished
	buffers int            // Number of buffers
	err     error          // If an error has occurred it is here
	cur     *buffer        // Current buffer being served
	exited  chan struct{}  // Channel is closed been the async reader shuts down
	size    int            // size of buffer to use
	closed  bool           // whether we have closed the underlying stream
	mu      sync.Mutex     // lock for Read/WriteTo/Abandon/Close
	ci      *fs.ConfigInfo // for reading config
}

// New returns a reader that will asynchronously read from
// the supplied Reader into a number of buffers each of size BufferSize
// It will start reading from the input at once, maybe even before this
// function has returned.
// The input can be read from the returned reader.
// When done use Close to release the buffers and close the supplied input.
func New(ctx context.Context, rd io.ReadCloser, buffers int) (*AsyncReader, error) {
	if buffers <= 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("number of buffers too small")
	}
	if rd == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("nil reader supplied")
	}
	a := &AsyncReader{
		ci: fs.GetConfig(ctx),
	}
	a.init(rd, buffers)
	return a, nil
}

func (a *AsyncReader) init(rd io.ReadCloser, buffers int) {
	a.in = rd
	a.ready = make(chan *buffer, buffers)
	a.token = make(chan struct{}, buffers)
	a.exit = make(chan struct{})
	a.exited = make(chan struct{})
	a.buffers = buffers
	a.cur = nil
	a.size = softStartInitial

	// Create tokens
	for i := 0; i < buffers; i++ {
		a.token <- struct{}{}
	}

	// Start async reader
	go func() {
		// Ensure that when we exit this is signalled.
		defer close(a.exited)
		defer close(a.ready)
		for {
			select {
			case <-a.token:
				b := a.getBuffer()
				if a.size < BufferSize {
					b.buf = b.buf[:a.size]
					a.size <<= 1
				}
				err := b.read(a.in)
				a.ready <- b
				if err != nil {
					return
				}
			case <-a.exit:
				return
			}
		}
	}()
}

// bufferPool is a global pool of buffers
var bufferPool *pool.Pool
var bufferPoolOnce sync.Once

// return the buffer to the pool (clearing it)
func (a *AsyncReader) putBuffer(b *buffer) {
	bufferPool.Put(b.buf)
	b.buf = nil
}

// get a buffer from the pool
func (a *AsyncReader) getBuffer() *buffer {
	bufferPoolOnce.Do(func() {
		// Initialise the buffer pool when used
		bufferPool = pool.New(bufferCacheFlushTime, BufferSize, bufferCacheSize, a.ci.UseMmap)
	})
	return &buffer{
		buf: bufferPool.Get(),
	}
}

// Read will return the next available data.
func (a *AsyncReader) fill() (err error) {
	if a.cur.isEmpty() {
		if a.cur != nil {
			a.putBuffer(a.cur)
			a.token <- struct{}{}
			a.cur = nil
		}
		b, ok := <-a.ready
		if !ok {
			// Return an error to show fill failed
			if a.err == nil {
				return ErrorStreamAbandoned
			}
			return a.err
		}
		a.cur = b
	}
	return nil
}

// Read will return the next available data.
func (a *AsyncReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	a.mu.Lock()
	defer a.mu.Unlock()

	// Swap buffer and maybe return error
	err = a.fill()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	// Copy what we can
	n = copy(p, a.cur.buffer())
	a.cur.increment(n)

	// If at end of buffer, return any error, if present
	if a.cur.isEmpty() {
		a.err = a.cur.err
		return n, a.err
	}
	return n, nil
}

// WriteTo writes data to w until there's no more data to write or when an error occurs.
// The return value n is the number of bytes written.
// Any error encountered during the write is also returned.
func (a *AsyncReader) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
	a.mu.Lock()
	defer a.mu.Unlock()

	n = 0
	for {
		err = a.fill()
		if err == io.EOF {
			return n, nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return n, err
		}
		n2, err := w.Write(a.cur.buffer())
		a.cur.increment(n2)
		n += int64(n2)
		if err != nil {
			return n, err
		}
		if a.cur.err == io.EOF {
			a.err = a.cur.err
			return n, err
		}
		if a.cur.err != nil {
			a.err = a.cur.err
			return n, a.cur.err
		}
	}
}

// SkipBytes will try to seek 'skip' bytes relative to the current position.
// On success it returns true. If 'skip' is outside the current buffer data or
// an error occurs, Abandon is called and false is returned.
func (a *AsyncReader) SkipBytes(skip int) (ok bool) {
	a.mu.Lock()
	defer func() {
		a.mu.Unlock()
		if !ok {
			a.Abandon()
		}
	}()

	if a.err != nil {
		return false
	}
	if skip < 0 {
		// seek backwards if skip is inside current buffer
		if a.cur != nil && a.cur.offset+skip >= 0 {
			a.cur.offset += skip
			return true
		}
		return false
	}
	// early return if skip is past the maximum buffer capacity
	if skip >= (len(a.ready)+1)*BufferSize {
		return false
	}

	refillTokens := 0
	for {
		if a.cur.isEmpty() {
			if a.cur != nil {
				a.putBuffer(a.cur)
				refillTokens++
				a.cur = nil
			}
			select {
			case b, ok := <-a.ready:
				if !ok {
					return false
				}
				a.cur = b
			default:
				return false
			}
		}

		n := len(a.cur.buffer())
		if n > skip {
			n = skip
		}
		a.cur.increment(n)
		skip -= n
		if skip == 0 {
			for ; refillTokens > 0; refillTokens-- {
				a.token <- struct{}{}
			}
			// If at end of buffer, store any error, if present
			if a.cur.isEmpty() && a.cur.err != nil {
				a.err = a.cur.err
			}
			return true
		}
		if a.cur.err != nil {
			a.err = a.cur.err
			return false
		}
	}
}

// StopBuffering will ensure that the underlying async reader is shut
// down so no more is read from the input.
//
// This does not free the memory so Abandon() or Close() need to be
// called on the input.
//
// This does not wait for Read/WriteTo to complete so can be called
// concurrently to those.
func (a *AsyncReader) StopBuffering() {
	select {
	case <-a.exit:
		// Do nothing if reader routine already exited
		return
	default:
	}
	// Close and wait for go routine
	close(a.exit)
	<-a.exited
}

// Abandon will ensure that the underlying async reader is shut down
// and memory is returned. It does everything but close the input.
//
// It will NOT close the input supplied on New.
func (a *AsyncReader) Abandon() {
	a.StopBuffering()
	// take the lock to wait for Read/WriteTo to complete
	a.mu.Lock()
	defer a.mu.Unlock()
	// Return any outstanding buffers to the Pool
	if a.cur != nil {
		a.putBuffer(a.cur)
		a.cur = nil
	}
	for b := range a.ready {
		a.putBuffer(b)
	}
}

// Close will ensure that the underlying async reader is shut down.
// It will also close the input supplied on New.
func (a *AsyncReader) Close() (err error) {
	a.Abandon()
	if a.closed {
		return nil
	}
	a.closed = true
	return a.in.Close()
}

// Internal buffer
// If an error is present, it must be returned
// once all buffer content has been served.
type buffer struct {
	buf    []byte
	err    error
	offset int
}

// isEmpty returns true is offset is at end of
// buffer, or
func (b *buffer) isEmpty() bool {
	if b == nil {
		return true
	}
	if len(b.buf)-b.offset <= 0 {
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// read into start of the buffer from the supplied reader,
// resets the offset and updates the size of the buffer.
// Any error encountered during the read is returned.
func (b *buffer) read(rd io.Reader) error {
	var n int
	n, b.err = readers.ReadFill(rd, b.buf)
	b.buf = b.buf[0:n]
	b.offset = 0
	return b.err
}

// Return the buffer at current offset
func (b *buffer) buffer() []byte {
	return b.buf[b.offset:]
}

// increment the offset
func (b *buffer) increment(n int) {
	b.offset += n
}