File: tangle.h

package info (click to toggle)
regina-normal 7.4.1-1.1
  • links: PTS
  • area: main
  • in suites: forky, sid
  • size: 154,244 kB
  • sloc: cpp: 295,026; xml: 9,992; sh: 1,344; python: 1,225; perl: 616; ansic: 138; makefile: 26
file content (1059 lines) | stat: -rw-r--r-- 37,948 bytes parent folder | download
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
/*
  This file contains docstrings for use in the Python bindings.
  Do not edit! They were automatically extracted by ../gendoc.sh.
 */

#if defined(__GNUG__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
#endif

namespace regina::python::doc {


// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle
static const char *Tangle =
R"doc(Represents a 2-tangle in the 3-ball. Regina does not allow closed
components in a tangle; in other words, a tangle in Regina is a proper
embedding of exactly two arcs in the 3-ball with the corresponding
four endpoints attached to four marked points on the 3-ball boundary.

Regina stores tangles as projections onto a disc. The four endpoints
of the tangle are fixed at four special points on the disc boundary,
located at the top-left, top-right, bottom-left, and bottom-right.

Each tangle has a _type_, indicating how the four endpoints are
connected. The three possible types are:

* _horizontal_, indicating that the two top endpoints are connected,
  and the two bottom endpoints are connected;

* _vertical_, indicating that the two left endpoints are connected,
  and the two right endpoints are connected;

* _diagonal_, indicating that the top-left and bottom-right endpoints
  are connected, and the bottom-left and top-right endpoints are
  connected.

Internally, Regina numbers the two strings 0 and 1: string 0 will
always be the one attached to the top-left endpoint. Regina also
assigns each string an orientation: for a horizontal or diagonal
tangle this will always be from left to right, and for a vertical
tangle this will always be from top to bottom.

When traversing a tangle, if you reach one of the endpoints of a
string then the corresponding return value of Crossing::next() or
Crossing::prev() (whichever is relevant) will be a null strand
reference.

Note that, although Regina can work with both classical and virtual
knots and links, it only considers tangles in the classical sense.
That is, Regina's tangles always live within the 3-ball, and their
diagrams are always projections onto a disc.

This class implements C++ move semantics and adheres to the C++
Swappable requirement. It is designed to avoid deep copies wherever
possible, even when passing or returning objects by value.)doc";

namespace Tangle_ {

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::__copy
static const char *__copy =
R"doc(Constructs a new copy of the given tangle.

Parameter ``copy``:
    the tangle to copy.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::__default
static const char *__default =
R"doc(Constructs the zero tangle.

This is the horizontal tangle with no crossings.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::__eq
static const char *__eq =
R"doc(Determines if this tangle is combinatorially identical to the given
tangle.

Here "identical" means that:

* the tangles are of the same type and have the same number of
  crossings;

* the same numbered crossings are positive and negative in both
  tangles;

* the corresponding strings in each tangle pass through the same
  under/over-strands of the same numbered crossings in the same order.

Parameter ``other``:
    the tangle to compare with this.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the two tangles are combinatorially
    identical.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::__init
static const char *__init =
R"doc(Constructs a tangle from the given number of twists.

If *twists* is positive, then the new tangle will consist of *twists*
positive twists, stacked from left to right. If *twists* is negative,
then the new tangle will consist of -(*twists*) negative twists,
likewise stacked from left to right. If *twists* is zero, then the new
tangle will be a horizontal tangle with no crossings at all.

In all cases, this is equivalent to calling the rational tangle
constructor Tangle(*twists*, 1).

Parameter ``twists``:
    the number of twists to perform; this may be positive, negative or
    zero.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::__init_2
static const char *__init_2 =
R"doc(Constructs a rational tangle with the given parameters. Here we use
the following convention (following the description that Adams gives
in _The Knot Book_):

* the zero tangle is horizontal with no crossings;

* the infinity tangle is vertical with no crossings;

* the +1 tangle is diagonal with one crossing, where the upper string
  runs from bottom-left to top-right.

Precondition:
    The given arguments are coprime.

Parameter ``num``:
    the numerator of the rational number that describes this tangle.

Parameter ``den``:
    the denominator of the rational number that describes this tangle;
    this may be 0 (representing the infinity tangle).)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::__init_3
static const char *__init_3 =
R"doc(Creates a tangle from two parallel copies of a classical knot.

Specifically, the new tangle will consist of two parallel copies of
the given knot diagram, which will be broken just before the starting
strand as returned by ``knot.component(0)``.

The two resulting endpoints that appear just before the starting
strand will form the top-left and bottom-left endpoints of this
tangle, and the endpoints on the other side of the break (which will
be just after the parallel copies of the final strand
``knot.component(0).prev()``) will form the top-right and bottom-right
endpoints of this tangle.

The tangle will contain ``4 * knot.size()`` crossings in total.

Precondition:
    The given link is classical, and it contains exactly one component
    (i.e., it is actually a knot, and not empty or a multiple-
    component link).

Parameter ``knot``:
    the knot to break and duplicate to form this tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::add
static const char *add =
R"doc(Adds the given tangle to the right-hand side of this tangle.

In Conway's notation, if this tangle is *t*, then this routine
converts this into (*t* + *other*).

Specifically: this routine will attach the two right-hand endpoints of
this tangle to the two left-hand endpoints of a copy of *other*.

This tangle will be changed directly. The tangle *other* (passed as
the argumet) will be left unchanged.

It is allowed to pass this tangle as *other*.

Precondition:
    It is not the case that both this and _other_ are vertical tangles
    (which would cause the addition to create a closed link
    component).

Parameter ``other``:
    the tangle to add to this.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::begin
static const char *begin =
R"doc(Returns the crossing closest to the beginning of the given string.

Recall from the class notes that string 0 is always attached to the
top-left endpoint. Recall also that strings are oriented from left-to-
right for a horizontal or diagonal tangle, and from top-to-bottom for
a vertical tangle.

Parameter ``string``:
    indicates which of the two strings in this tangle to query; this
    must be either 0 or 1.

Returns:
    the crossing closest to the beginning of the given string, or a
    null reference if the given string contains no crossings.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::box
static const char *box =
R"doc(Encloses this tangle with the four given tangles in a box
configuration.

The five tangles will be connected as shown, with this tangle in the
centre:

```
 \     /
  O---O
 / \ / \
 |  O  |
 \ / \ /
  O---O
 /     \
```

The top-left corner of the argument *topLeft* will become the top-left
corner of the resulting tangle, and so on for the other three corners.

This tangle will be changed directly. The other four other tangles
(passed as arguments) will be left unchanged.

You may use the same tangle for multiple arguments, and you may even
use this tangle for one or more arguments.

Precondition:
    Every string in all five tangles (the four arguments and this) has
    at least one crossing.

Precondition:
    None of the five tangles (the four arguments and this) have types
    that would result in a closed link component after this operation
    is performed.

Parameter ``topLeft``:
    the tangle to connect to the top-left corner of this.

Parameter ``topRight``:
    the tangle to connect to the top-right corner of this.

Parameter ``bottomLeft``:
    the tangle to connect to the bottom-left corner of this.

Parameter ``bottomRight``:
    the tangle to connect to the bottom-right corner of this.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::brief
static const char *brief =
R"doc(Outputs this tangle in Regina's own brief write-only format. This
format is concise, but contains enough information to manually
reconstruct the complete tangle.

This format cannot (yet) be used to read tangles back into Regina, and
so it is not good for external storage, or for passing tangles between
different programs (or even different instances of Regina). It was
originally designed for use with the test suite, where it was used to
ensure that tangles with being created and/or manipulated correctly.

The output will contain the following elements, separated by single
spaces:

* one of the symbols ``-``, ``|`` or ``x``, indicating that the tangle
  is of horizontal, vertical or diagonal type respectively (as
  described in the class notes);

* a sequence of signs (``+`` or ``-``), concatenated together, giving
  the signs of the crossings in order from crossing 0 to crossing
  size()-1;

* a description of string 0 and then string 1. Each string will be
  written in the form ``( a b c ... )``, indicating the crossings that
  are encountered as we follow the string in the forward direction
  from its starting endpoint. Each element *a*, *b*, *c* and so on
  will be written in the format used by the StrandRef class: either
  ``^n`` when passing over crossing *n*, or ``_n`` when passing under
  crossing *n*.

For example, the rational tangle 3/2 as returned by Tangle(3,2) will
give the following brief output:

```
| --+ ( _0 ^1 ) ( ^2 _1 ^0 _2 )
```

As a special case, if the tangle contains no crossings then the output
will contain just one space, not two consecutive spaces, between the
type symbol and the string descriptions (since the sequence of
crossing signs that would normally sit between them will be empty).

The string will not end in a newline.

There is also a variant of brief() that writes directly to an output
stream.

Returns:
    a description of this tangle in Regina's brief format.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::changeAll
static const char *changeAll =
R"doc(Switches the upper and lower strands of every crossing in the tangle.

This operation corresponds to reflecting the tangle through the plane
on which the diagram is drawn.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::crossing
static const char *crossing =
R"doc(Returns a pointer to the crossing at the given index within this
tangle.

For a tangle with *n* crossings, the crossings are numbered from 0 to
*n*-1 inclusive.

.. warning::
    If some crossings are added or removed then the indices of other
    crossings might change. If you wish to track a particular crossing
    through such operations then you should use the pointer to the
    relevant Crossing object instead.

Parameter ``index``:
    the index of the requested crossing. This must be between 0 and
    size()-1 inclusive.

Returns:
    the crossing at the given index.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::crossings
static const char *crossings =
R"doc(Returns an object that allows iteration through and random access to
all crossings within this tangle.

The object that is returned is lightweight, and can be happily copied
by value. The C++ type of the object is subject to change, so C++
users should use ``auto`` (just like this declaration does).

The returned object is guaranteed to be an instance of ListView, which
means it offers basic container-like functions and supports range-
based ``for`` loops. Note that the elements of the list will be
pointers, so your code might look like:

```
for (Crossing* c : tangle.crossings()) { ... }
```

The object that is returned will remain up-to-date and valid for as
long as the tangle exists: even as crossings are added and/or removed,
it will always reflect the crossings that are currently in the tangle.
Nevertheless, it is recommended to treat this object as temporary
only, and to call crossings() again each time you need it.

Returns:
    access to the list of all crossings.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::denClosure
static const char *denClosure =
R"doc(Forms the denominator closure of this tangle.

This is the link created by joining the two left endpoints of this
tangle, and also joining the two right endpoints.

Returns:
    the denominator closure of this tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::end
static const char *end =
R"doc(Returns the crossing closest to the end of the given string.

Recall from the class notes that string 0 is always attached to the
top-left endpoint. Recall also that strings are oriented from left-to-
right for a horizontal or diagonal tangle, and from top-to-bottom for
a vertical tangle.

Parameter ``string``:
    indicates which of the two strings in this tangle to query; this
    must be either 0 or 1.

Returns:
    the crossing closest to the end of the given string, or a null
    reference if the given string contains no crossings.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::fromOrientedGauss
static const char *fromOrientedGauss =
R"doc(Creates a new tangle from an oriented Gauss code.

Oriented Gauss codes for tangles are an extension of oriented Gauss
codes for knots. Whilst oriented Gauss codes for knots are used
elsewhere (they are based on a format used by Andreeva et al.), these
codes for tangles are specific to Regina (so you should not expect
other software to understand them).

The format works as follows:

* Label the crossings arbitrarily as 1, 2, ..., *n*.

* Write one of the tokens ``-``, ``|`` or ``x`` to represent a
  horizontal, vertical or diagonal tangle respectively.

* Start at the top-left endpoint and follow this string to its other
  endpoint. At every crossing that you pass, write a token of the form
  ``+<k``, ``-<k``, ``+>k`` or ``->k``, where:

* the symbol ``+`` indicates that you are passing over the crossing
  labelled *k*, and the symbol ``-`` indicates that you are passing
  under the crossing labelled *k*;

* the symbol ``<`` indicates that the other strand of the crossing
  passes from right to left, and ``>`` indicates that the other strand
  passes from left to right;

* *k* is replaced with the integer crossing label.

* Write the token ``_`` to indicate that the first string has
  finished.

* Start at the beginning of the other string (for horizontal or
  diagonal tangles, this is the bottom-left endpoint, and for vertical
  tangles this is the top-right endpoint). As before, follow this
  string to its other endpoint, writing a token of the form ``+<k``,
  ``-<k``, ``+>k`` or ``->k`` at every crossing that you pass.

Be aware that, once the tangle has been constructed, the crossings 1,
..., *n* will have been reindexed as 0, ..., *n*-1 (since every Tangle
object numbers its crossings starting from 0).

As an example, you can construct the rational tangle -3/4 using the
following code:

```
| -<1 +>2 -<3 +>4 _ -<5 -<4 +>3 -<2 +>1 +>5
```

There are two variants of this routine. This variant takes a single
string, where the tokens have been combined together and separated by
whitespace. The other variant takes a sequence of tokens, defined by a
pair of iterators.

In this variant (the string variant), the given string may contain
additional leading or trailing whitespace.

.. warning::
    While this routine does some error checking on the input, these
    checks are not exhaustive. In particular, it does _not_ test for
    the viability of the diagram (i.e., whether the given crossings
    with the given signs actually produce a tangle of the given type
    with the correct endpoints). Of course non-viable inputs are not
    allowed, and it is currently up to the user to enforce this.

Exception ``InvalidArgument``:
    The input was not a valid oriented Gauss code. As noted above, the
    checks performed here are not exhaustive.

Parameter ``str``:
    an oriented Gauss code for a tangle, as described above.

Returns:
    the resulting tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::fromOrientedGauss_2
static const char *fromOrientedGauss_2 =
R"doc(Creates a new tangle from an oriented Gauss code.

Oriented Gauss codes for tangles are an extension of oriented Gauss
codes for knots. Whilst oriented Gauss codes for knots are used
elsewhere (they are based on a format used by Andreeva et al.), these
codes for tangles are specific to Regina (so you should not expect
other software to understand them).

See fromOrientedGauss(const std::string&) for a detailed description
of this format as it is used in Regina.

There are two variants of this routine. The other variant
(fromOrientedGauss(const std::string&), which offers more detailed
documentation) takes a single string, where the tokens have been
combined together and separated by whitespace. This variant takes a
sequence of tokens, defined by a pair of iterators.

Precondition:
    *Iterator* is a random access iterator type.

Precondition:
    Dereferencing such an iterator produces either a C-style string
    (which can be cast to ``const char*``) or a C++-style string
    (which can be cast to ``const std::string&``).

Precondition:
    The tokens in the input sequence do not contain any whitespace.

.. warning::
    While this routine does some error checking on the input, these
    checks are not exhaustive. In particular, it does _not_ test for
    the viability of the diagram (i.e., whether the given crossings
    with the given signs actually produce a tangle of the given type
    with the correct endpoints). Of course non-viable inputs are not
    allowed, and it is currently up to the user to enforce this.

Exception ``InvalidArgument``:
    The input did not describe a valid oriented Gauss code. As noted
    above, the checks performed here are not exhaustive.

Python:
    Instead of a pair of begin and past-the-end iterators, this
    routine takes a Python list of strings.

Parameter ``begin``:
    an iterator that points to the beginning of the sequence of tokens
    for an oriented Gauss code.

Parameter ``end``:
    an iterator that points past the end of the sequence of tokens for
    an oriented Gauss code.

Returns:
    the resulting tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::global_swap
static const char *global_swap =
R"doc(Swaps the contents of the two given tangles.

This global routine simply calls Tangle::swap(); it is provided so
that Tangle meets the C++ Swappable requirements.

See Tangle::swap() for more details.

Parameter ``lhs``:
    the tangle whose contents should be swapped with *rhs*.

Parameter ``rhs``:
    the tangle whose contents should be swapped with *lhs*.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::hasR1
static const char *hasR1 =
R"doc(Determines whether it is possible to perform a type I Reidemeister
move at the given location to remove a crossing.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

For more detail on type I moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r1(Crossing*).

Precondition:
    The given crossing is either a null pointer, or else some crossing
    in this tangle.

Parameter ``crossing``:
    identifies the candidate crossing to be removed. See
    Link::r1(Crossing*) for details on exactly how this will be
    interpreted.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move can be performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::hasR2
static const char *hasR2 =
R"doc(Determines whether it is possible to perform a type II Reidemeister
move at the given location to remove two crossings.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

For more detail on type II moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r2(StrandRef).

Precondition:
    The given strand reference is either a null reference, or else
    refers to some strand of some crossing in this tangle.

Parameter ``arc``:
    identifies one of the arcs of the bigon about which the candidate
    move would be performed. See Link::r2(StrandRef) for details on
    exactly how this will be interpretered.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move can be performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::hasR2_2
static const char *hasR2_2 =
R"doc(Determines whether it is possible to perform a type II Reidemeister
move at the given location to remove two crossings.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

For more detail on type II moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r2(Crossing*).

Precondition:
    The given crossing is either a null pointer, or else some crossing
    in this tangle.

Parameter ``crossing``:
    identifies the crossing at the beginning of the "upper" arc that
    features in this candidate move. See Link::r2(Crossing*) for
    details on exactly how this will be interpreted.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move can be performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::negate
static const char *negate =
R"doc(Reflects this tangle through the diagonal axis running from the top-
left to bottom-right corners of the diagram.

In Conway's notation, this negates the tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::numClosure
static const char *numClosure =
R"doc(Forms the numerator closure of this tangle.

This is the link created by joining the two top endpoints of this
tangle, and also joining the two bottom endpoints.

Returns:
    the numerator closure of this tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::orientedGauss
static const char *orientedGauss =
R"doc(Outputs an oriented Gauss code for this tangle.

Oriented Gauss codes for tangles are an extension of oriented Gauss
codes for knots. Whilst oriented Gauss codes for knots are used
elsewhere (they are based on a format used by Andreeva et al.), these
codes for tangles are specific to Regina (so you should not expect
other software to understand them).

For a full explanation of how oriented Gauss codes work for tangles,
see the documentation for fromOrientedGauss(const std::string&), which
imports tangles in this format.

The string that is returned will not contain any newlines.

.. note::
    There is another variant of this routine that, instead of
    returning a string, writes directly to an output stream.

Returns:
    an oriented Gauss code for this tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::r1
static const char *r1 =
R"doc(If possible, performs a type I Reidemeister move to remove a crossing
at the given location. If such a move is not allowed, then this
routine does nothing.

This tangle diagram will be changed directly.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

The behaviour of this routine is identical to the r1() routine in the
Link class; see Link::r1() for further details.

Precondition:
    The given crossing is either a null pointer, or else some crossing
    in this tangle.

Parameter ``crossing``:
    identifies the crossing to be removed. See Link::r1(Crossing*) for
    details on exactly how this will be interpreted.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move was able to be
    performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::r1_2
static const char *r1_2 =
R"doc(Deprecated routine that tests for and optionally performs a type I
Reidemeister move to remove a crossing.

For more detail on type I moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r1(Crossing*).

This routine will always _check_ whether the requested move is
allowed. If it is, and if the argument *perform* is ``True``, this
routine will also _perform_ the move.

.. deprecated::
    If you just wish to test whether such a move is possible, call
    hasR1(). If you wish to both check and perform the move, call r1()
    without the two additional boolean arguments.

Precondition:
    The given crossing is either a null pointer, or else some crossing
    in this tangle.

Parameter ``crossing``:
    identifies the crossing to be removed. See Link::r1(Crossing*) for
    details on exactly how this will be interpreted.

Parameter ``ignored``:
    an argument that is ignored. In earlier versions of Regina this
    argument controlled whether we check if the move can be performed;
    however, now this check is done always.

Parameter ``perform``:
    ``True`` if we should actually perform the move, assuming the move
    is allowed.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move could be performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::r2
static const char *r2 =
R"doc(If possible, performs a type II Reidemeister move to remove two
crossings at the given location. If such a move is not allowed, then
this routine does nothing.

This tangle diagram will be changed directly.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

The behaviour of this routine is identical to the r2() routine in the
Link class; see Link::r2() for further details.

Precondition:
    The given strand reference is either a null reference, or else
    refers to some strand of some crossing in this tangle.

Parameter ``arc``:
    identifies one of the arcs of the bigon about which the move will
    be performed. See Link::r2(StrandRef) for details on exactly how
    this will be interpretered.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move was able to be
    performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::r2_2
static const char *r2_2 =
R"doc(If possible, performs a type II Reidemeister move to remove two
crossings at the given location. If such a move is not allowed, then
this routine does nothing.

This tangle diagram will be changed directly.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

The behaviour of this routine is identical to the r2() routine in the
Link class; see Link::r2() for further details.

Precondition:
    The given crossing is either a null pointer, or else some crossing
    in this tangle.

Parameter ``crossing``:
    identifies the crossing at the beginning of the "upper" arc that
    features in this move. See Link::r2(Crossing*) for details on
    exactly how this will be interpreted.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move was able to be
    performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::r2_3
static const char *r2_3 =
R"doc(Deprecated routine that tests for and optionally performs a type II
Reidemeister move to remove two crossings.

For more detail on type II moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r2(StrandRef).

This routine will always _check_ whether the requested move is
allowed. If it is, and if the argument *perform* is ``True``, this
routine will also _perform_ the move.

.. deprecated::
    If you just wish to test whether such a move is possible, call
    hasR2(). If you wish to both check and perform the move, call r2()
    without the two additional boolean arguments.

Precondition:
    The given strand reference is either a null reference, or else
    refers to some strand of some crossing in this tangle.

Parameter ``arc``:
    identifies one of the arcs of the bigon about which the move will
    be performed. See Link::r2(StrandRef) for details on exactly how
    this will be interpretered.

Parameter ``ignored``:
    an argument that is ignored. In earlier versions of Regina this
    argument controlled whether we check if the move can be performed;
    however, now this check is done always.

Parameter ``perform``:
    ``True`` if we should actually perform the move, assuming the move
    is allowed.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move could be performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::r2_4
static const char *r2_4 =
R"doc(Deprecated routine that tests for and optionally performs a type II
Reidemeister move to remove two crossings.

For more detail on type II moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r2(Crossing*).

This routine will always _check_ whether the requested move is
allowed. If it is, and if the argument *perform* is ``True``, this
routine will also _perform_ the move.

.. deprecated::
    If you just wish to test whether such a move is possible, call
    hasR2(). If you wish to both check and perform the move, call r2()
    without the two additional boolean arguments.

Precondition:
    The given crossing is either a null pointer, or else some crossing
    in this tangle.

Parameter ``crossing``:
    identifies the crossing at the beginning of the "upper" arc that
    features in this move. See Link::r2(Crossing*) for details on
    exactly how this will be interpreted.

Parameter ``ignored``:
    an argument that is ignored. In earlier versions of Regina this
    argument controlled whether we check if the move can be performed;
    however, now this check is done always.

Parameter ``perform``:
    ``True`` if we should actually perform the move, assuming the move
    is allowed.

Returns:
    ``True`` if and only if the requested move could be performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::simplifyToLocalMinimum
static const char *simplifyToLocalMinimum =
R"doc(Uses type I and II Reidemeister moves to reduce the tangle
monotonically to some local minimum number of crossings. Type III
Reidemeister moves (which do not reduce the number of crossings) are
not used in this routine.

Unlike links, tangle do not (at present) offer stronger simplification
routines (such as the much better Link::simplify() and
Link::simplifyExhaustive()).

.. warning::
    The implementation of this routine (and therefore its results) may
    change between different releases of Regina.

Parameter ``perform``:
    ``True`` if we are to perform the simplifications, or ``False`` if
    we are only to investigate whether simplifications are possible
    (defaults to ``True``).

Returns:
    if *perform* is ``True``, this routine returns ``True`` if and
    only if the link was changed to reduce the number of crossings; if
    *perform* is ``False``, this routine returns ``True`` if and only
    if it determines that it is capable of performing such a change.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::size
static const char *size =
R"doc(Returns the number of crossings in this tangle.

Returns:
    the number of crossings.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::swap
static const char *swap =
R"doc(Swaps the contents of this and the given tangle.

All crossings that belong to this tangle will be moved to *other*, and
all crossings that belong to *other* will be moved to this tangle.
Likewise, all cached properties will be swapped.

In particular, any Crossing pointers or references and any StrandRef
objects will remain valid.

This routine will behave correctly if *other* is in fact this tangle.

Parameter ``other``:
    the tangle whose contents should be swapped with this.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::translate
static const char *translate =
R"doc(Translates a crossing from some other tangle into the corresponding
crossing in this tangle.

Typically this routine would be used when the given crossing comes
from a tangle that is combinatorially identical to this, and you wish
to obtain the corresponding crossing in this tangle.

Specifically: if *other* refers to crossing number *k* of some other
tangle, then the return value will refer to crossing number *k* of
this tangle.

This routine behaves correctly even if *other* is a null pointer.

Precondition:
    This tangle contains at least as many crossings as the tangle
    containing *other* (though, as noted above, in typical scenarios
    both tangles would actually be combinatorially identical).

Parameter ``other``:
    the crossing to translate.

Returns:
    the corresponding crossing in this tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::translate_2
static const char *translate_2 =
R"doc(Translates a strand reference from some other tangle into the
corresponding strand reference from this tangle.

Typically this routine would be used when the given strand comes from
a tangle that is combinatorially identical to this, and you wish to
obtain the corresponding strand in this tangle.

Specifically: if *other* refers to some strand (upper or lower) of
crossing number *k* of some other tangle, then the return value will
refer to the same strand (upper or lower) of crossing number *k* of
this tangle.

This routine behaves correctly even if *other* is a null reference.

Precondition:
    This tangle contains at least as many crossings as the tangle
    containing *other* (though, as noted above, in typical scenarios
    both tangles would actually be combinatorially identical).

Parameter ``other``:
    the strand reference to translate.

Returns:
    the corresponding strand reference for this tangle.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::turn
static const char *turn =
R"doc(Rotates this tangle by 90 degrees.

Parameter ``direction``:
    either 1 if the tangle should be rotated clockwise, or -1 if the
    tangle should be rotated anticlockwise.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::twist
static const char *twist =
R"doc(Adds a twist to the right-hand end of this tangle.

Parameter ``sign``:
    either 1 if we should perform a positive twist (dragging the
    bottom-right endpoint up over the top-right endpoint), or -1 if we
    should perform a negative twist (dragging the bottom-right
    endpoint up beneath the top-right endpoint).)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::type
static const char *type =
R"doc(Returns the type of this tangle.

This will be one of the characters ``-``, ``|`` or ``x``, indicating a
horizontal, vertical or diagonal type as described in the class notes.

Returns:
    the type of this crossing.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::withR1
static const char *withR1 =
R"doc(If possible, returns the diagram obtained by performing a type I
Reidemeister move at the given location to remove a crossing. If such
a move is not allowed, then this routine returns no value.

This tangle diagram will not be changed.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

For more detail on type I moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r1(Crossing*).

Precondition:
    The given crossing is either a null pointer, or else some crossing
    in this tangle.

Parameter ``crossing``:
    identifies the crossing to be removed. See Link::r1(Crossing*) for
    details on exactly how this will be interpreted.

Returns:
    The new tangle diagram obtained by performing the requested move,
    or no value if the requested move cannot be performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::withR2
static const char *withR2 =
R"doc(If possible, returns the diagram obtained by performing a type II
Reidemeister move at the given location to remove two crossings. If
such a move is not allowed, then this routine returns no value.

This tangle diagram will not be changed.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

For more detail on type II moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r2(StrandRef).

Precondition:
    The given strand reference is either a null reference, or else
    refers to some strand of some crossing in this tangle.

Parameter ``arc``:
    identifies one of the arcs of the bigon about which the move will
    be performed. See Link::r2(StrandRef) for details on exactly how
    this will be interpretered.

Returns:
    The new tangle diagram obtained by performing the requested move,
    or no value if the requested move cannot be performed.)doc";

// Docstring regina::python::doc::Tangle_::withR2_2
static const char *withR2_2 =
R"doc(If possible, returns the diagram obtained by performing a type II
Reidemeister move at the given location to remove two crossings. If
such a move is not allowed, then this routine returns no value.

This tangle diagram will not be changed.

Unlike links, which implement the full suite of Reidemeister moves,
tangles (at present) only offer the simplifying versions of
Reidemeister moves I and II.

For more detail on type II moves and when they can be performed, see
Link::r2(Crossing*).

Precondition:
    The given crossing is either a null pointer, or else some crossing
    in this tangle.

Parameter ``crossing``:
    identifies the crossing at the beginning of the "upper" arc that
    features in this move. See Link::r2(Crossing*) for details on
    exactly how this will be interpreted.

Returns:
    The new tangle diagram obtained by performing the requested move,
    or no value if the requested move cannot be performed.)doc";

}

} // namespace regina::python::doc

#if defined(__GNUG__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif