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# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'uri'
require 'English'
class Capybara::Selenium::Driver < Capybara::Driver::Base
include Capybara::Selenium::Find
DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {
browser: :firefox,
clear_local_storage: nil,
clear_session_storage: nil
}.freeze
SPECIAL_OPTIONS = %i[browser clear_local_storage clear_session_storage timeout native_displayed].freeze
CAPS_VERSION = Gem::Requirement.new('< 4.8.0')
attr_reader :app, :options
class << self
attr_reader :selenium_webdriver_version
def load_selenium
require 'selenium-webdriver'
require 'capybara/selenium/patches/atoms'
require 'capybara/selenium/patches/is_displayed'
# Look up the version of `selenium-webdriver` to
# see if it's a version we support.
#
# By default, we use Gem.loaded_specs to determine
# the version number. However, in some cases, such
# as when loading `selenium-webdriver` outside of
# Rubygems, we fall back to referencing
# Selenium::WebDriver::VERSION. Ideally we'd
# use the constant in all cases, but earlier versions
# of `selenium-webdriver` didn't provide the constant.
@selenium_webdriver_version =
if Gem.loaded_specs['selenium-webdriver']
Gem.loaded_specs['selenium-webdriver'].version
else
Gem::Version.new(Selenium::WebDriver::VERSION)
end
unless Gem::Requirement.new('>= 4.8').satisfied_by? @selenium_webdriver_version
warn "Warning: You're using an unsupported version of selenium-webdriver, please upgrade to 4.8+."
end
@selenium_webdriver_version
rescue LoadError => e
raise e unless e.message.include?('selenium-webdriver')
raise LoadError, "Capybara's selenium driver is unable to load `selenium-webdriver`, please install the gem and add `gem 'selenium-webdriver'` to your Gemfile if you are using bundler."
end
attr_reader :specializations
def register_specialization(browser_name, specialization)
@specializations ||= {}
@specializations[browser_name] = specialization
end
end
def browser
unless @browser
options[:http_client] ||= begin
require 'capybara/selenium/patches/persistent_client'
if options[:timeout]
::Capybara::Selenium::PersistentClient.new(read_timeout: options[:timeout])
else
::Capybara::Selenium::PersistentClient.new
end
end
processed_options = options.except(*SPECIAL_OPTIONS)
@browser = Selenium::WebDriver.for(options[:browser], processed_options)
specialize_driver
setup_exit_handler
end
@browser
end
def initialize(app, **options)
super()
self.class.load_selenium
@app = app
@browser = nil
@exit_status = nil
@frame_handles = Hash.new { |hash, handle| hash[handle] = [] }
@options = DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(options)
@node_class = ::Capybara::Selenium::Node
end
def visit(path)
browser.navigate.to(path)
end
def refresh
browser.navigate.refresh
end
def go_back
browser.navigate.back
end
def go_forward
browser.navigate.forward
end
def html
browser.page_source
rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::JavascriptError => e
raise unless e.message.include?('documentElement is null')
end
def title
browser.title
end
def current_url
browser.current_url
end
def wait?; true; end
def needs_server?; true; end
def execute_script(script, *args)
browser.execute_script(script, *native_args(args))
end
def evaluate_script(script, *args)
result = execute_script("return #{script}", *args)
unwrap_script_result(result)
end
def evaluate_async_script(script, *args)
browser.manage.timeouts.script_timeout = Capybara.default_max_wait_time
result = browser.execute_async_script(script, *native_args(args))
unwrap_script_result(result)
end
def active_element
build_node(native_active_element)
end
def send_keys(*args)
# Should this call the specialized nodes rather than native???
native_active_element.send_keys(*args)
end
def save_screenshot(path, **options)
browser.save_screenshot(path, **options)
end
def reset!
# Use instance variable directly so we avoid starting the browser just to reset the session
return unless @browser
navigated = false
timer = Capybara::Helpers.timer(expire_in: 10)
begin
# Only trigger a navigation if we haven't done it already, otherwise it
# can trigger an endless series of unload modals
reset_browser_state unless navigated
navigated = true
# Ensure the page is empty and trigger an UnhandledAlertError for any modals that appear during unload
wait_for_empty_page(timer)
rescue *unhandled_alert_errors
# This error is thrown if an unhandled alert is on the page
# Firefox appears to automatically dismiss this alert, chrome does not
# We'll try to accept it
accept_unhandled_reset_alert
# try cleaning up the browser again
retry
end
end
def frame_obscured_at?(x:, y:)
frame = @frame_handles[current_window_handle].last
return false unless frame
switch_to_frame(:parent)
begin
frame.base.obscured?(x: x, y: y)
ensure
switch_to_frame(frame)
end
end
def switch_to_frame(frame)
handles = @frame_handles[current_window_handle]
case frame
when :top
handles.clear
browser.switch_to.default_content
when :parent
handles.pop
browser.switch_to.parent_frame
else
handles << frame
browser.switch_to.frame(frame.native)
end
end
def current_window_handle
browser.window_handle
end
def window_size(handle)
within_given_window(handle) do
size = browser.manage.window.size
[size.width, size.height]
end
end
def resize_window_to(handle, width, height)
within_given_window(handle) do
browser.manage.window.resize_to(width, height)
end
end
def maximize_window(handle)
within_given_window(handle) do
browser.manage.window.maximize
end
sleep 0.1 # work around for https://code.google.com/p/selenium/issues/detail?id=7405
end
def fullscreen_window(handle)
within_given_window(handle) do
browser.manage.window.full_screen
end
end
def close_window(handle)
raise ArgumentError, 'Not allowed to close the primary window' if handle == window_handles.first
within_given_window(handle) do
browser.close
end
end
def window_handles
browser.window_handles
end
def open_new_window(kind = :tab)
if browser.switch_to.respond_to?(:new_window)
handle = current_window_handle
browser.switch_to.new_window(kind)
switch_to_window(handle)
else
browser.manage.new_window(kind)
end
rescue NoMethodError, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError
# If not supported by the driver or browser default to using JS
browser.execute_script('window.open();')
end
def switch_to_window(handle)
browser.switch_to.window handle
end
def accept_modal(_type, **options)
yield if block_given?
modal = find_modal(**options)
modal.send_keys options[:with] if options[:with]
message = modal.text
modal.accept
message
end
def dismiss_modal(_type, **options)
yield if block_given?
modal = find_modal(**options)
message = modal.text
modal.dismiss
message
end
def quit
@browser&.quit
rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::SessionNotCreatedError, Errno::ECONNREFUSED,
Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidSessionIdError
# Browser must have already gone
rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError => e
unless silenced_unknown_error_message?(e.message) # Most likely already gone
# probably already gone but not sure - so warn
warn "Ignoring Selenium UnknownError during driver quit: #{e.message}"
end
ensure
@browser = nil
end
def invalid_element_errors
@invalid_element_errors ||=
[
::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::StaleElementReferenceError,
::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementNotInteractableError,
::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidSelectorError, # Work around chromedriver go_back/go_forward race condition
::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementClickInterceptedError,
::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError, # IE
::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidArgumentError # IE
].tap do |errors|
if defined?(::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::DetachedShadowRootError)
errors.push(::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::DetachedShadowRootError)
end
end
end
def no_such_window_error
Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchWindowError
end
private
def native_args(args)
args.map { |arg| arg.is_a?(Capybara::Selenium::Node) ? arg.native : arg }
end
def native_active_element
browser.switch_to.active_element
end
def clear_browser_state
delete_all_cookies
clear_storage
rescue *clear_browser_state_errors
# delete_all_cookies fails when we've previously gone
# to about:blank, so we rescue this error and do nothing
# instead.
end
def clear_browser_state_errors
@clear_browser_state_errors ||= [Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError]
end
def unhandled_alert_errors
@unhandled_alert_errors ||= [Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnexpectedAlertOpenError]
end
def delete_all_cookies
@browser.manage.delete_all_cookies
end
def clear_storage
clear_session_storage unless options[:clear_session_storage] == false
clear_local_storage unless options[:clear_local_storage] == false
rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::JavascriptError
# session/local storage may not be available if on non-http pages (e.g. about:blank)
end
def clear_session_storage
if @browser.respond_to? :session_storage
@browser.session_storage.clear
else
begin
@browser&.execute_script('window.sessionStorage.clear()')
rescue # rubocop:disable Style/RescueStandardError
unless options[:clear_session_storage].nil?
warn 'sessionStorage clear requested but is not supported by this driver'
end
end
end
end
def clear_local_storage
if @browser.respond_to? :local_storage
@browser.local_storage.clear
else
begin
@browser&.execute_script('window.localStorage.clear()')
rescue # rubocop:disable Style/RescueStandardError
unless options[:clear_local_storage].nil?
warn 'localStorage clear requested but is not supported by this driver'
end
end
end
end
def navigate_with_accept(url)
@browser.navigate.to(url)
sleep 0.1 # slight wait for alert
@browser.switch_to.alert.accept
rescue modal_error
# alert now gone, should mean navigation happened
end
def modal_error
Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchAlertError
end
def within_given_window(handle)
original_handle = current_window_handle
if handle == original_handle
yield
else
switch_to_window(handle)
result = yield
switch_to_window(original_handle)
result
end
end
def find_modal(text: nil, **options)
# Selenium has its own built in wait (2 seconds)for a modal to show up, so this wait is really the minimum time
# Actual wait time may be longer than specified
wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(
timeout: options.fetch(:wait, session_options.default_max_wait_time) || 0,
ignore: modal_error
)
begin
wait.until do
alert = @browser.switch_to.alert
regexp = text.is_a?(Regexp) ? text : Regexp.new(Regexp.escape(text.to_s))
matched = alert.text.match?(regexp)
unless matched
raise Capybara::ModalNotFound, "Unable to find modal dialog with #{text} - found '#{alert.text}' instead."
end
alert
end
rescue *find_modal_errors
raise Capybara::ModalNotFound, "Unable to find modal dialog#{" with #{text}" if text}"
end
end
def find_modal_errors
@find_modal_errors ||= [Selenium::WebDriver::Error::TimeoutError]
end
def silenced_unknown_error_message?(msg)
silenced_unknown_error_messages.any? { |regex| msg.match? regex }
end
def silenced_unknown_error_messages
[/Error communicating with the remote browser/]
end
def unwrap_script_result(arg)
case arg
when Array
arg.map { |arr| unwrap_script_result(arr) }
when Hash
arg.transform_values! { |value| unwrap_script_result(value) }
when Selenium::WebDriver::Element, Selenium::WebDriver::ShadowRoot
build_node(arg)
else
arg
end
end
def find_context
browser
end
def build_node(native_node, initial_cache = {})
::Capybara::Selenium::Node.new(self, native_node, initial_cache)
end
def bridge
browser.send(:bridge)
end
def specialize_driver
browser_type = browser.browser
Capybara::Selenium::Driver.specializations.select { |k, _v| k === browser_type }.each_value do |specialization| # rubocop:disable Style/CaseEquality
extend specialization
end
end
def setup_exit_handler
main = Process.pid
at_exit do
# Store the exit status of the test run since it goes away after calling the at_exit proc...
@exit_status = $ERROR_INFO.status if $ERROR_INFO.is_a?(SystemExit)
quit if Process.pid == main
exit @exit_status if @exit_status # Force exit with stored status
end
end
def reset_browser_state
clear_browser_state
@browser.navigate.to('about:blank')
end
def wait_for_empty_page(timer)
until find_xpath('/html/body/*').empty?
raise Capybara::ExpectationNotMet, 'Timed out waiting for Selenium session reset' if timer.expired?
sleep 0.01
# It has been observed that it is possible that asynchronous JS code in
# the application under test can navigate the browser away from about:blank
# if the timing is just right. Ensure we are still at about:blank...
@browser.navigate.to('about:blank') unless current_url == 'about:blank'
end
end
def accept_unhandled_reset_alert
@browser.switch_to.alert.accept
sleep 0.25 # allow time for the modal to be handled
rescue modal_error
# The alert is now gone.
# If navigation has not occurred attempt again and accept alert
# since FF may have dismissed the alert at first attempt.
navigate_with_accept('about:blank') if current_url != 'about:blank'
end
end
require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/chrome_driver'
require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/firefox_driver'
require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/internet_explorer_driver'
require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/safari_driver'
require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/edge_driver'
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