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Module: Concurrent::ErlangActor
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<div id="content"><h1>Module: Concurrent::ErlangActor
</h1>
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<dt>Extended by:</dt>
<dd><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts (module)">FunctionShortcuts</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions (module)">Functions</a></span></dd>
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<dt>Includes:</dt>
<dd><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/EnvironmentConstants.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::EnvironmentConstants (module)">EnvironmentConstants</a></span></dd>
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<dl>
<dt>Defined in:</dt>
<dd>lib/concurrent-ruby-edge/concurrent/edge/erlang_actor.rb</dd>
</dl>
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<h2>Overview</h2><div class="docstring">
<div class="discussion">
<div class="note notetag">
<strong>Note:</strong>
<div class='inline'><p><strong>Edge Features</strong> are under active development and may change frequently.</p>
<ul>
<li> Deprecations are not added before incompatible changes.</li>
<li> Edge version: <em>major</em> is always 0, <em>minor</em> bump means incompatible change,
<em>patch</em> bump means compatible change.</li>
<li> Edge features may also lack tests and documentation.</li>
<li> Features developed in <code>concurrent-ruby-edge</code> are expected to move
to <code>concurrent-ruby</code> when finalised.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>This module provides actor abstraction that has same behaviour as Erlang actor.</p>
<p><h2>Examples</h2>
<p>The simplest example is to use the actor as an asynchronous execution.
Although, <code>Promises.future { 1 + 1 }</code> is better suited for that purpose.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_thread</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='label'>name:</span> <span class='tstring'><span class='tstring_beg'>'</span><span class='tstring_content'>addition</span><span class='tstring_end'>'</span></span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='int'>1</span> <span class='op'>+</span> <span class='int'>1</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000002 addition running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_value!'>value!</span> <span class='comment'># => 2
</span></code></pre>
<p>Let's send some messages and maintain some internal state
which is what actors are good for.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_thread</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='label'>name:</span> <span class='tstring'><span class='tstring_beg'>'</span><span class='tstring_content'>sum</span><span class='tstring_end'>'</span></span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_sum'>sum</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='int'>0</span> <span class='comment'># internal state
</span> <span class='comment'># receive and sum the messages until the actor gets :done
</span> <span class='kw'>while</span> <span class='kw'>true</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_message'>message</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span>
<span class='kw'>break</span> <span class='kw'>if</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_message'>message</span> <span class='op'>==</span> <span class='symbol'>:done</span>
<span class='comment'># if the message is asked and not only told,
</span> <span class='comment'># reply with the current sum (has no effect if actor was not asked)
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_sum'>sum</span> <span class='op'>+=</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_message'>message</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span>
<span class='comment'># The final value of the actor
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_sum'>sum</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000003 sum running>
</span></code></pre>
<p>The actor can be either told a message asynchronously,
or asked. The ask method will block until actor replies.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='comment'># tell returns immediately returning the actor
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='int'>1</span><span class='rparen'>)</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='int'>1</span><span class='rparen'>)</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000003 sum running>
</span><span class='comment'># blocks, waiting for the answer
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>10</span> <span class='comment'># => 12
</span><span class='comment'># stop the actor
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span> <span class='symbol'>:done</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000003 sum running>
</span><span class='comment'># The final value of the actor
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_value!'>value!</span> <span class='comment'># => 12
</span></code></pre>
<h3>Actor types</h3>
<p>There are two types of actors.
The type is specified when calling spawn as a first argument,
<code>Concurrent::ErlangActor.spawn(type: :on_thread, ...</code> or
<code>Concurrent::ErlangActor.spawn(type: :on_pool, ...</code>.</p>
<p>The main difference is in how receive method returns.</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>:on_thread</code> it blocks the thread until message is available,
then it returns or calls the provided block first. </p></li>
<li><p>However, <code>:on_pool</code> it has to free up the thread on the receive
call back to the pool. Therefore the call to receive ends the
execution of current scope. The receive has to be given block
or blocks that act as a continuations and are called
when there is message available.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Let's have a look at how the bodies of actors differ between the types:</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_ping'>ping</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_thread</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000004 running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ping'>ping</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>42</span> <span class='comment'># => 42
</span></code></pre>
<p>It first calls receive, which blocks the thread of the actor.
When it returns the received message is passed an an argument to reply,
which replies the same value back to the ask method.
Then the actor terminates normally, because there is nothing else to do.</p>
<p>However when running on pool a block with code which should be evaluated
after the message is received has to be provided. </p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_ping'>ping</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_pool</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_m'>m</span><span class='op'>|</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_m'>m</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000005 running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ping'>ping</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>42</span> <span class='comment'># => 42
</span></code></pre>
<p>It starts by calling receive which will remember the given block for later
execution when a message is available and stops executing the current scope.
Later when a message becomes available the previously provided block is given
the message and called. The result of the block is the final value of the
normally terminated actor.</p>
<p>The direct blocking style of <code>:on_thread</code> is simpler to write and more straight
forward however it has limitations. Each <code>:on_thread</code> actor creates a Thread
taking time and resources.
There is also a limited number of threads the Ruby process can create
so you may hit the limit and fail to create more threads and therefore actors. </p>
<p>Since the <code>:on_pool</code> actor runs on a poll of threads, its creations
is faster and cheaper and it does not create new threads.
Therefore there is no limit (only RAM) on how many actors can be created.</p>
<p>To simplify, if you need only few actors <code>:on_thread</code> is fine.
However if you will be creating hundreds of actors or
they will be short-lived <code>:on_pool</code> should be used. </p>
<h3>Receiving messages</h3>
<p>Simplest message receive.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_thread</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000006 running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span> <span class='symbol'>:m</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000006 running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_value!'>value!</span> <span class='comment'># => :m
</span></code></pre>
<p>which also works for actor on pool,
because if no block is given it will use a default block <code>{ |v| v }</code> </p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_pool</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000007 running>
</span><span class='comment'># can simply be following
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_pool</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000008 running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span> <span class='symbol'>:m</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000008 running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_value!'>value!</span> <span class='comment'># => :m
</span></code></pre>
<p>The received message type can be limited.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'>spawn</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_thread</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'>Numeric</span><span class='rparen'>)</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_succ'>succ</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='tstring'><span class='tstring_beg'>'</span><span class='tstring_content'>junk</span><span class='tstring_end'>'</span></span><span class='rparen'>)</span><span class='period'>.</span> <span class='comment'># ignored message
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='int'>42</span><span class='rparen'>)</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_value!'>value!</span> <span class='comment'># => 43
</span></code></pre>
<p>On pool it requires a block.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'>spawn</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_pool</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'>Numeric</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_succ'>succ</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='tstring'><span class='tstring_beg'>'</span><span class='tstring_content'>junk</span><span class='tstring_end'>'</span></span><span class='rparen'>)</span><span class='period'>.</span> <span class='comment'># ignored message
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='int'>42</span><span class='rparen'>)</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_value!'>value!</span> <span class='comment'># => 43
</span></code></pre>
<p>By the way, the body written for on pool actor will work for on thread actor
as well. </p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'>spawn</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_thread</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'>Numeric</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_succ'>succ</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='tstring'><span class='tstring_beg'>'</span><span class='tstring_content'>junk</span><span class='tstring_end'>'</span></span><span class='rparen'>)</span><span class='period'>.</span> <span class='comment'># ignored message
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_tell'>tell</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='int'>42</span><span class='rparen'>)</span><span class='period'>.</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_value!'>value!</span> <span class='comment'># => 43
</span></code></pre>
<p>The <code>receive</code> method can be also used to dispatch based on the received message.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_thread</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span>
<span class='kw'>while</span> <span class='kw'>true</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'>Symbol</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_s'>s</span><span class='op'>|</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_s'>s</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_to_s'>to_s</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='comma'>,</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/EnvironmentConstants/And.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::EnvironmentConstants::And (class)">And</a></span></span><span class='lbracket'>[</span><span class='const'>Numeric</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='tlambda'>-></span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span> <span class='tlambeg'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span> <span class='op'>>=</span> <span class='int'>0</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='rbracket'>]</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_succ'>succ</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='comma'>,</span>
<span class='comment'># put last works as else
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/EnvironmentConstants.html#ANY-constant" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::EnvironmentConstants::ANY (constant)">ANY</a></span></span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='symbol'>:bad_message</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_terminate'>terminate</span> <span class='lbracket'>[</span><span class='symbol'>:bad_message</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='rbracket'>]</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span><span class='rparen'>)</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000009 running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>1</span> <span class='comment'># => 2
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>2</span> <span class='comment'># => 3
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='symbol'>:value</span> <span class='comment'># => "value"
</span><span class='comment'># this malformed message will terminate the actor
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='op'>-</span><span class='int'>1</span> <span class='comment'># => :bad_message
</span><span class='comment'># the actor is no longer alive, so ask fails
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='tstring'><span class='tstring_beg'>"</span><span class='tstring_content'>junk</span><span class='tstring_end'>"</span></span> <span class='kw'>rescue</span> <span class='gvar'>$!</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::NoActor: #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x000009 terminated because of [:bad_message, -1]>>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_result'>result</span> <span class='comment'># => [false, nil, [:bad_message, -1]]
</span></code></pre>
<p>And a same thing for the actor on pool.
Since it cannot loop it will call the body method repeatedly.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='kw'>module</span> <span class='const'>Behaviour</span>
<span class='kw'>def</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_body'>body</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'>Symbol</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_s'>s</span><span class='op'>|</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_s'>s</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_to_s'>to_s</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_body'>body</span> <span class='comment'># call again
</span> <span class='kw'>end</span><span class='comma'>,</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/EnvironmentConstants/And.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::EnvironmentConstants::And (class)">And</a></span></span><span class='lbracket'>[</span><span class='const'>Numeric</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='tlambda'>-></span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span> <span class='tlambeg'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span> <span class='op'>>=</span> <span class='int'>0</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='rbracket'>]</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_succ'>succ</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_body'>body</span> <span class='comment'># call again
</span> <span class='kw'>end</span><span class='comma'>,</span>
<span class='comment'># put last works as else
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/EnvironmentConstants.html#ANY-constant" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::EnvironmentConstants::ANY (constant)">ANY</a></span></span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='symbol'>:bad_message</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_terminate'>terminate</span> <span class='lbracket'>[</span><span class='symbol'>:bad_message</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='rbracket'>]</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span><span class='rparen'>)</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span> <span class='comment'># => :body
</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_pool</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='label'>environment:</span> <span class='const'>Behaviour</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_body'>body</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x00000a running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>1</span> <span class='comment'># => 2
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>2</span> <span class='comment'># => 3
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='symbol'>:value</span> <span class='comment'># => "value"
</span><span class='comment'># this malformed message will terminate the actor
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='op'>-</span><span class='int'>1</span> <span class='comment'># => :bad_message
</span><span class='comment'># the actor is no longer alive, so ask fails
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='tstring'><span class='tstring_beg'>"</span><span class='tstring_content'>junk</span><span class='tstring_end'>"</span></span> <span class='kw'>rescue</span> <span class='gvar'>$!</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::NoActor: #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x00000a terminated because of [:bad_message, -1]>>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_result'>result</span> <span class='comment'># => [false, nil, [:bad_message, -1]]
</span></code></pre>
<p>Since the behavior is stable in this case we can simplify with the <code>:keep</code> option
that will keep the receive rules until another receive is called
replacing the kept rules.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_pool</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'>Symbol</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_s'>s</span><span class='op'>|</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_s'>s</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_to_s'>to_s</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='comma'>,</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/EnvironmentConstants/And.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::EnvironmentConstants::And (class)">And</a></span></span><span class='lbracket'>[</span><span class='const'>Numeric</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='tlambda'>-></span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span> <span class='tlambeg'>{</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span> <span class='op'>>=</span> <span class='int'>0</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='rbracket'>]</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='lbrace'>{</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_succ'>succ</span> <span class='rbrace'>}</span><span class='comma'>,</span>
<span class='comment'># put last works as else
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_on'>on</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/EnvironmentConstants.html#ANY-constant" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::EnvironmentConstants::ANY (constant)">ANY</a></span></span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span> <span class='op'>|</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='op'>|</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_reply'>reply</span> <span class='symbol'>:bad_message</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_terminate'>terminate</span> <span class='lbracket'>[</span><span class='symbol'>:bad_message</span><span class='comma'>,</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_v'>v</span><span class='rbracket'>]</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span><span class='comma'>,</span>
<span class='label'>keep:</span> <span class='kw'>true</span><span class='rparen'>)</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x00000b running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>1</span> <span class='comment'># => 2
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='int'>2</span> <span class='comment'># => 3
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='symbol'>:value</span> <span class='comment'># => "value"
</span><span class='comment'># this malformed message will terminate the actor
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='op'>-</span><span class='int'>1</span> <span class='comment'># => :bad_message
</span><span class='comment'># the actor is no longer alive, so ask fails
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_ask'>ask</span> <span class='tstring'><span class='tstring_beg'>"</span><span class='tstring_content'>junk</span><span class='tstring_end'>"</span></span> <span class='kw'>rescue</span> <span class='gvar'>$!</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::NoActor: #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x00000b terminated because of [:bad_message, -1]>>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_result'>result</span> <span class='comment'># => [false, nil, [:bad_message, -1]]
</span></code></pre>
<h3>Erlang behaviour</h3>
<p>The actor matches Erlang processes in behaviour.
Therefore it supports the usual Erlang actor linking, monitoring, exit behaviour, etc.</p>
<pre class="code ruby"><code class="ruby"><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span> <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='const'><span class='object_link'><a href="../Concurrent.html" title="Concurrent (module)">Concurrent</a></span></span><span class='op'>::</span><span class='const'>ErlangActor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">spawn</a></span></span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>type:</span> <span class='symbol'>:on_thread</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_spawn'>spawn</span><span class='lparen'>(</span><span class='label'>link:</span> <span class='kw'>true</span><span class='rparen'>)</span> <span class='kw'>do</span> <span class='comment'># equivalent of spawn_link in Erlang
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_terminate'>terminate</span> <span class='symbol'>:err</span> <span class='comment'># equivalent of exit in Erlang
</span> <span class='kw'>end</span>
<span class='id identifier rubyid_trap'>trap</span> <span class='comment'># equivalent of process_flag(trap_exit, true)
</span> <span class='id identifier rubyid_receive'>receive</span>
<span class='kw'>end</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x00000c running>
</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_actor'>actor</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_terminated'>terminated</span><span class='period'>.</span><span class='id identifier rubyid_value!'>value!</span>
<span class='comment'># => #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Terminated:0x00000d
</span><span class='comment'># @from=
</span><span class='comment'># #<Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid:0x00000e terminated because of err>,
</span><span class='comment'># @reason=:err>
</span></code></pre>
<p>The methods have same or very similar name to be easily found.
The one exception from the original Erlang naming is exit.
To avoid clashing with <code>Kernel#exit</code> it's called <code>terminate</code>. </p>
<p>Until there is more information available here, the chapters listed below from
a book <a href="https://learnyousomeerlang.com">lern you some Erlang</a>
are excellent source of information.
The Ruby ErlangActor implementation has same behaviour. </p>
<ul>
<li> <a href="https://learnyousomeerlang.com/errors-and-processes#links">Links</a></li>
<li> <a href="https://learnyousomeerlang.com/errors-and-processes#its-a-trap">It's a trap</a></li>
<li> <a href="https://learnyousomeerlang.com/errors-and-processes#monitors">Monitors</a></li>
</ul>
<p>If anything behaves differently than in Erlang, please file an issue.</p>
<h3>Chapters or points to be added</h3>
<ul>
<li> More erlang behaviour examples.</li>
<li> The mailbox can be bounded in size,
then the tell and ask will block until there is space available in the mailbox.
Useful for building systems with backpressure.</li>
<li> <code>#tell_op</code> and <code>ask_op</code> method examples, integration with promises.</li>
<li> Best practice: always use timeout,
and do something if the message does not arrive, don't leave the actor stuck.</li>
<li> Best practice: drop and log unrecognized messages,
or be even more defensive and terminate.</li>
<li> Environment definition for actors.</li>
</ul>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tags">
</div><h2>Defined Under Namespace</h2>
<p class="children">
<strong class="modules">Modules:</strong> <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/EnvironmentConstants.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::EnvironmentConstants (module)">EnvironmentConstants</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts (module)">FunctionShortcuts</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions (module)">Functions</a></span>
<strong class="classes">Classes:</strong> <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Down.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Down (class)">Down</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Environment.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Environment (class)">Environment</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Error.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Error (class)">Error</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/NoActor.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::NoActor (class)">NoActor</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/NoReply.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::NoReply (class)">NoReply</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Pid.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid (class)">Pid</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Reference.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Reference (class)">Reference</a></span>, <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Terminated.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Terminated (class)">Terminated</a></span>
</p>
<h2>
Class Method Summary
<small><a href="#" class="summary_toggle">collapse</a></small>
</h2>
<ul class="summary">
<li class="public ">
<span class="summary_signature">
<a href="#default_actor_executor-class_method" title="#default_actor_executor (class method)">.<strong>default_actor_executor</strong> ⇒ ExecutorService </a>
</span>
<span class="note title not_defined_here">
extended
from <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#default_actor_executor-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#default_actor_executor (method)">Functions</a></span>
</span>
<span class="summary_desc"><div class='inline'><p>The default executor service for actors.</p>
</div></span>
</li>
<li class="public ">
<span class="summary_signature">
<a href="#default_executor-class_method" title="#default_executor (class method)">.<strong>default_executor</strong> ⇒ ExecutorService </a>
</span>
<span class="note title not_defined_here">
extended
from <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#default_executor-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#default_executor (method)">Functions</a></span>
</span>
<span class="summary_desc"><div class='inline'><p>The default executor service, may be shared by other abstractions.</p>
</div></span>
</li>
<li class="public ">
<span class="summary_signature">
<a href="#spawn-class_method" title="#spawn (class method)">.<strong>spawn</strong>(*args, **kwargs, &body) ⇒ Pid </a>
</span>
<span class="note title not_defined_here">
extended
from <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">FunctionShortcuts</a></span>
</span>
<span class="summary_desc"><div class='inline'><p>Optionally included shortcut method for <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#spawn_actor-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#spawn_actor (method)">Functions#spawn_actor</a></span>.</p>
</div></span>
</li>
<li class="public ">
<span class="summary_signature">
<a href="#spawn_actor-class_method" title="#spawn_actor (class method)">.<strong>spawn_actor</strong>(*args, type:, channel: Promises::Channel.new, environment: Environment, name: nil, executor: default_actor_executor, &body) ⇒ Pid </a>
</span>
<span class="note title not_defined_here">
extended
from <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#spawn_actor-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#spawn_actor (method)">Functions</a></span>
</span>
<span class="summary_desc"><div class='inline'><p>Creates an actor.</p>
</div></span>
</li>
<li class="public ">
<span class="summary_signature">
<a href="#terminate-class_method" title="#terminate (class method)">.<strong>terminate</strong>(pid, reason) ⇒ true </a>
</span>
<span class="note title not_defined_here">
extended
from <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#terminate-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#terminate (method)">FunctionShortcuts</a></span>
</span>
<span class="summary_desc"><div class='inline'><p>Optionally included shortcut method for <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#terminate_actor-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#terminate_actor (method)">Functions#terminate_actor</a></span>.</p>
</div></span>
</li>
<li class="public ">
<span class="summary_signature">
<a href="#terminate_actor-class_method" title="#terminate_actor (class method)">.<strong>terminate_actor</strong>(pid, reason) ⇒ true </a>
</span>
<span class="note title not_defined_here">
extended
from <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#terminate_actor-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#terminate_actor (method)">Functions</a></span>
</span>
<span class="summary_desc"><div class='inline'><p>Same as <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Environment.html#terminate-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Environment#terminate (method)">Environment#terminate</a></span>, but it requires pid.</p>
</div></span>
</li>
</ul>
<div id="class_method_details" class="method_details_list">
<h2>Class Method Details</h2>
<div class="method_details first">
<h3 class="signature first" id="default_actor_executor-class_method">
.<strong>default_actor_executor</strong> ⇒ <tt><span class='object_link'>ExecutorService</span></tt>
<span class="not_defined_here">
Originally defined in module
<span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#default_actor_executor-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#default_actor_executor (method)">Functions</a></span>
</span>
</h3><div class="docstring">
<div class="discussion">
<p>Returns the default executor service for actors.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<p class="tag_title">Returns:</p>
<ul class="return">
<li>
<span class='type'>(<tt><span class='object_link'>ExecutorService</span></tt>)</span>
—
<div class='inline'><p>the default executor service for actors</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="method_details ">
<h3 class="signature " id="default_executor-class_method">
.<strong>default_executor</strong> ⇒ <tt><span class='object_link'>ExecutorService</span></tt>
<span class="not_defined_here">
Originally defined in module
<span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#default_executor-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#default_executor (method)">Functions</a></span>
</span>
</h3><div class="docstring">
<div class="discussion">
<p>Returns the default executor service,
may be shared by other abstractions.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<p class="tag_title">Returns:</p>
<ul class="return">
<li>
<span class='type'>(<tt><span class='object_link'>ExecutorService</span></tt>)</span>
—
<div class='inline'><p>the default executor service,
may be shared by other abstractions</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="method_details ">
<h3 class="signature " id="spawn-class_method">
.<strong>spawn</strong>(*args, **kwargs, &body) ⇒ <tt><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Pid.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid (class)">Pid</a></span></tt>
<span class="not_defined_here">
Originally defined in module
<span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#spawn-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#spawn (method)">FunctionShortcuts</a></span>
</span>
</h3><div class="docstring">
<div class="discussion">
<p>Optionally included shortcut method for <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#spawn_actor-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#spawn_actor (method)">Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#spawn_actor</a></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<p class="tag_title">Returns:</p>
<ul class="return">
<li>
<span class='type'>(<tt><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Pid.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid (class)">Pid</a></span></tt>)</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="method_details ">
<h3 class="signature " id="spawn_actor-class_method">
.<strong>spawn_actor</strong>(*args, type:, channel: Promises::Channel.new, environment: Environment, name: nil, executor: default_actor_executor, &body) ⇒ <tt><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Pid.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid (class)">Pid</a></span></tt>
<span class="not_defined_here">
Originally defined in module
<span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#spawn_actor-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#spawn_actor (method)">Functions</a></span>
</span>
</h3><div class="docstring">
<div class="discussion">
<p>Creates an actor. Same as <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Environment.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Environment#spawn (method)">Environment#spawn</a></span> but lacks link and monitor options.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<p class="tag_title">Parameters:</p>
<ul class="param">
<li>
<span class='name'>args</span>
<span class='type'>(<tt>Object</tt>)</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class='name'>type</span>
<span class='type'>(<tt>:on_thread</tt>, <tt>:on_pool</tt>)</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class='name'>channel</span>
<span class='type'>(<tt><span class='object_link'><a href="Channel.html" title="Concurrent::Channel (class)">Channel</a></span></tt>)</span>
<em class="default">(defaults to: <tt>Promises::Channel.new</tt>)</em>
</li>
<li>
<span class='name'>environment</span>
<span class='type'>(<tt><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Environment.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Environment (class)">Environment</a></span></tt>, <tt>Module</tt>)</span>
<em class="default">(defaults to: <tt>Environment</tt>)</em>
</li>
<li>
<span class='name'>name</span>
<span class='type'>(<tt>#to_s</tt>)</span>
<em class="default">(defaults to: <tt>nil</tt>)</em>
—
<div class='inline'><p>of the actor</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<span class='name'>executor</span>
<span class='type'>(<tt><span class='object_link'>ExecutorService</span></tt>)</span>
<em class="default">(defaults to: <tt>default_actor_executor</tt>)</em>
—
<div class='inline'><p>of the actor</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="tag_title">Returns:</p>
<ul class="return">
<li>
<span class='type'>(<tt><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Pid.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid (class)">Pid</a></span></tt>)</span>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="tag_title">See Also:</p>
<ul class="see">
<li><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Environment.html#spawn-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Environment#spawn (method)">Environment#spawn</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="method_details ">
<h3 class="signature " id="terminate-class_method">
.<strong>terminate</strong>(pid, reason) ⇒ <tt>true</tt>
<span class="not_defined_here">
Originally defined in module
<span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/FunctionShortcuts.html#terminate-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::FunctionShortcuts#terminate (method)">FunctionShortcuts</a></span>
</span>
</h3><div class="docstring">
<div class="discussion">
<p>Optionally included shortcut method for <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#terminate_actor-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#terminate_actor (method)">Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#terminate_actor</a></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<p class="tag_title">Returns:</p>
<ul class="return">
<li>
<span class='type'>(<tt>true</tt>)</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="method_details ">
<h3 class="signature " id="terminate_actor-class_method">
.<strong>terminate_actor</strong>(pid, reason) ⇒ <tt>true</tt>
<span class="not_defined_here">
Originally defined in module
<span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Functions.html#terminate_actor-class_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Functions#terminate_actor (method)">Functions</a></span>
</span>
</h3><div class="docstring">
<div class="discussion">
<p>Same as <span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Environment.html#terminate-instance_method" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Environment#terminate (method)">Environment#terminate</a></span>, but it requires pid.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<p class="tag_title">Parameters:</p>
<ul class="param">
<li>
<span class='name'>pid</span>
<span class='type'>(<tt><span class='object_link'><a href="ErlangActor/Pid.html" title="Concurrent::ErlangActor::Pid (class)">Pid</a></span></tt>)</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class='name'>reason</span>
<span class='type'>(<tt>Object</tt>, <tt>:normal</tt>, <tt>:kill</tt>)</span>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="tag_title">Returns:</p>
<ul class="return">
<li>
<span class='type'>(<tt>true</tt>)</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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