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<title>
Polyglot · Straightforward I18n for Jekyll Blogs
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<p class="speech">Hello!</p>
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<h1>
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Polyglot
</a>
</h1>
<p class="lead">A i18n support plugin for <a href="http://jekyllrb.com" target="_blank">Jekyll</a> that makes multi-language support fast and intuitive, for blogs big and small. Made by <a href="https://github.com/untra" target="_blank">@untra</a>.</p>
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<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href="/">Home</a>
<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href="/about/">About</a>
<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href="/a-really-long/permalink/">A really long permalink</a>
<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href="/sample/">Sample rich text data</a>
<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href="/seo/">SEO Recipes</a>
<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href=""></a>
<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href="https://rubygems.org/gems/jekyll-polyglot">Ruby Gem</a>
<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot">GitHub project</a>
<a class="sidebar-nav-item" href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/tree/master/site/index.html"><small>view this page source on github</small></a>
<small class="sidebar-nav-item">Currently v1.9.0</small>
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<p><small>© 2025 Samuel Volin</small><br/><small>MIT Licensed</small></p>
<p>
<!-- jekyll-polyglot will process ferh= into href= through the static_href liquid block tag without relativizing the url; useful for making language navigation switchers -->
<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/" >en</a> •
<a href="/es/" >es</a> •
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<a href="/pt-BR/" >pt-BR</a>
</p>
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</div>
<div class="content container">
<div class="posts">
<div class="post">
<h1 class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/01/18/polyglot-1.9.0/">
Polyglot 1.9.0 - Instructional Improvements
</a>
</h1>
<span class="post-date">18 Jan 2025</span>
<p>Jekyll-Polyglot 1.9.0 has been released, which has minor dependency updates, and instructional improvements for getting the most from your multi-language website.</p>
<h2 id="community-provided-instructional-improvements">Community provided instructional improvements</h2>
<p>Thank you to <strong><a href="https://github.com/aturret">aturret</a></strong> for helping to maintain the existing <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">zh-CN</code> site pages. 谢谢!</p>
<p><strong><a href="https://github.com/george-gca">george-gca</a></strong> improved the optional <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">derive_lang_from_path</code> configuration to better identify document language from the path inference. Tests were added for his helpful <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/pull/222">feature improvement PR</a>. This improvement helps infer the language of posts and pages missing <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lang</code> frontmatter, from any part of the document filepath.</p>
<p>Github user <strong><a href="https://github.com/yunseo-kim">yunseo-kim</a></strong> submitted a <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/pull/230">instructions to improve sitemap generation</a> . To help with SEO, a website should have only one root sitemap.xml , and not have duplicates for each sub-language site. Be sure to add the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sitemap.xml</code> to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">exclude_from_localization</code> configuration.</p>
</div>
<div class="post">
<h1 class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/08/18/polyglot-1.8.1/">
Polyglot 1.8.1 - Community Bug Fixes Release
</a>
</h1>
<span class="post-date">18 Aug 2024</span>
<p>Jekyll-Polyglot 1.8.1 has been released, which has a few feature improvements and recognizes community found bugs and provided fixes.</p>
<h2 id="community-provided-bugfixes">Community provided bugfixes</h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://github.com/hacketiwack">hacketiwack</a></strong> provided a <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/pull/200/files">stricter check for setting a doc permalink</a>, preventing downstream problems with empty frontmatter fields.</p>
<p>Github user <strong><a href="https://github.com/blackpill">blackpill</a></strong> submitted a <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/pull/211/files">one character bugfix</a> for the i18n headers tag when rendering the default language link alternative href.</p>
</div>
<div class="post">
<h1 class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/03/17/polyglot-1.8.0/">
Polyglot 1.8.0 - Community Contributions Release
</a>
</h1>
<span class="post-date">17 Mar 2024</span>
<p>Get excited for Jekyll-Polyglot 1.8.0, which has a few feature improvements and recognizes community documentation and contributions!</p>
<h2 id="language-specific-permalinks">language specific permalinks</h2>
<p>One new feature is to give pages language specific permalinks and to retain their association to other relative pages. This new feature is again improved by <strong><a href="https://github.com/antoniovazquezblanco">antoniovazquezblanco</a></strong>, who is a gentleman and a scholar.</p>
<h2 id="sitemap-generation--i18n-seo">sitemap generation & i18n SEO</h2>
<p>This release also recognizes the quality <a href="https://polyglot.untra.io/sitemap.xml">sitemap.xml</a> and <a href="https://polyglot.untra.io/robots.txt">robots.txt</a> solution provided by <strong><a href="https://github.com/jerturowetz">jerturowetz</a></strong>. This website now demonstrates and captures more SEO power by using these to be crawlable as a static jekyll website by search providers. See the example website files <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/tree/master/site">here</a>.</p>
<h2 id="jekyll-polyglot-post_write-hook">jekyll :polyglot :post_write hook</h2>
<p>Github user <strong><a href="https://github.com/obfusk">obfusk</a></strong> contributed a <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/pull/142">tiny PR</a> a few years back:</p>
<p>With polyglot <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:site, :post_write</code> like these run for each child processes:</p>
<div class="language-rb highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="no">Jekyll</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Hooks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">register</span> <span class="ss">:site</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:post_write</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">site</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>This release adds a custom <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:post_write</code> hook that runs exactly once, after all languages been processed (whether or not <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">parallel_localization</code> is used):</p>
<div class="language-rb highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="no">Jekyll</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Hooks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">register</span> <span class="ss">:polyglot</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:post_write</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">site</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="c1"># do something amazing here!</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>This feature is helpful for complex jekyll static sites that make additional use of <a href="https://jekyllrb.com/docs/plugins/hooks/">jekyll hook plugins</a>.</p>
<p>She also contributed a fix for <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/pull/145">additional logging when language subprocesses crash</a>. Thanks for this contribution!</p>
<h2 id="localized-variables-and-portuguese-translation">localized variables and portuguese translation.</h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://github.com/george-gca">george-gca</a></strong> is a talented and awesome guy, contributing <a href="/2024/02/29/localized-variables/">an entire blogpost</a> on how best to localize rich text from site data. He also provided a <a href="https://polyglot.untra.io/pt-BR/">site brazilian translation</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="post">
<h1 class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/02/29/localized-variables/">
Localized variables
</a>
</h1>
<span class="post-date">29 Feb 2024</span>
<p>Polyglot allows you to have different pages for different languages in your Jekyll site. For example, one could have a page <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">about.md</code> in English and another <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">about.md</code> in Spanish with completely different layouts. But if you want to have the same layout for both pages, you can use localized variables. This is a way to have different data for different languages in your Jekyll site, but using the same layout for all languages.</p>
<p>As an example I will use a <a href="https://github.com/george-gca/multi-language-al-folio">template site</a> created with Polyglot.</p>
<h2 id="sharing-a-layout-between-pages">Sharing a layout between pages</h2>
<p>In that site they have an about page for every language, in their case english in <a href="https://github.com/george-gca/multi-language-al-folio/blob/main/_pages/en-us/about.md">_pages/en-us/about.md</a> and brazilian portuguese in <a href="https://github.com/george-gca/multi-language-al-folio/blob/main/_pages/pt-br/about.md">_pages/pt-br/about.md</a>. In both pages we can see that they have the same keys in the frontmatter, but some with different values. Both files point to the same <a href="https://jekyllrb.com/docs/layouts/">layout</a>, <a href="https://github.com/george-gca/multi-language-al-folio/blob/main/_layouts/about.liquid">about</a>, and this layout uses the values in the frontmatter to render the page.</p>
<p>For example, the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">subtitle</code> key in the english page has the value <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">subtitle: <a href='#'>Affiliations</a>. Address. Contacts. Moto. Etc.</code> and in the brazilian portuguese page it has <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">subtitle: <a href='#'>Afiliações</a>. Endereço. Contatos. Lema. Etc.</code>. To use this information in the layout, it is used like this:</p>
<div class="language-liquid highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">page</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">subtitle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">}}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>The same goes for the content below the frontmatter in both files, which is simply used in the layout like this:</p>
<div class="language-liquid highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">content</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">}}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Polyglot will automatically render the page with the correct values for the current language.</p>
<h2 id="sharing-a-layout-between-pages-with-localized-data">Sharing a layout between pages with localized data</h2>
<p>For the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">subtitle</code> of the page they used <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">key: value</code> pairs in the frontmatter, but sometimes we want to use these same pairs in different parts of the site. For example, if we want to use the same <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">subtitle</code> in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">about.md</code> and in another page, we would have to repeat the same pair in the frontmatter of both pages. This is not ideal because if we want to change the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">subtitle</code> we would have to change it in two places. This is where localized data comes in. You can create a file like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_data/:lang/strings.yml</code>, one for each language, and Polyglot will bring those keys under <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">site.data[:lang].strings</code>.</p>
<p>For example, in the template site there are two files, <a href="https://github.com/george-gca/multi-language-al-folio/blob/main/_data/en-us/strings.yml">_data/en-us/strings.yml</a> and <a href="https://github.com/george-gca/multi-language-al-folio/blob/main/_data/pt-br/strings.yml">_data/pt-br/strings.yml</a>. In the first file they have:</p>
<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">latest_posts</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">latest posts</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>And in the second file they have:</p>
<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">latest_posts</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">últimas postagens</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>This way, they can use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">latest_posts</code> key in the layout like this:</p>
<div class="language-liquid highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">site</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">site</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">active_lang</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nv">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">latest_posts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">}}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Which will correctly get the value for the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">latest_posts</code> variable defined in the file <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_data/:lang/strings.yml</code> for the current language.</p>
<h2 id="defining-which-variable-to-use-in-the-frontmatter">Defining which variable to use in the frontmatter</h2>
<p>Now if you want to define this variable in the frontmatter of the page, this gets a little bit trickier. One possible solution is to check if the value of the variable has a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.</code> in it, and if it does use the value in the file <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_data/:lang/strings.yml</code>. This is how you would do it:</p>
<div class="language-liquid highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">frontmatter_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">contains</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">assign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">first_part</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">frontmatter_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">split</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">first</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">assign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">last_part</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">frontmatter_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">split</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">capture</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">site</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">site</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">active_lang</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nv">strings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">first_part</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nv">last_part</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">}}{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">endcapture</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">endif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">}}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>This will work, for example, if <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">frontmatter_var = blog.title</code>.</p>
<p>Now, if you need to check if the localization string (in this case <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">blog.title</code>) actually exists in the file <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_data/:lang/strings.yml</code> before using it, you’ll have to create a plugin to check if the variable exists in the file <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_data/:lang/strings.yml</code> and if it does, use it, otherwise fallback to any value you want. I will not go into detail on how to do this, but I will show you how to use it. You can see the code for the plugin <a href="https://github.com/george-gca/multi-language-al-folio/blob/main/_plugins/localization-exists.rb">here</a>.</p>
<div class="language-liquid highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">frontmatter_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">contains</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">capture</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">contains_localization</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">localization_exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">frontmatter_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">endcapture</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">contains_localization</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">assign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">first_part</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">frontmatter_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">split</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">first</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">assign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">last_part</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">frontmatter_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">split</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">capture</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">site</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">site</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">active_lang</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nv">strings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">first_part</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nv">last_part</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">}}{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">endcapture</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">capture</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>fallback value<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">endcapture</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">endif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">endif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">%}</span>
<span class="cp">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">}}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
</div>
<div class="post">
<h1 class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/10/29/polyglot-1.7.0/">
Polyglot 1.7.0 and page_id front-matter for different permalinks by language
</a>
</h1>
<span class="post-date">29 Oct 2023</span>
<p>I’m excited to announce Jekyll-Polyglot 1.7.0, which has a new feature to give pages language specific permalinks and to retain their association to other relative pages.</p>
<p>This new feature is provided by <strong><a href="https://github.com/antoniovazquezblanco">antoniovazquezblanco</a></strong>, who is a gentleman and a scholar.</p>
<h2 id="use-page_id-frontmatter-to-associate-pages-with-different-permalinks">use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">page_id</code> frontmatter to associate pages with different permalinks</h2>
<p>Polyglot associates pages by matching their permalinks or filenames.
However some site translations may instead desire pages with unique permalinks.</p>
<p>Polyglot already coordinates multiple copes of the same document across different languages. So keying off of a different property like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">page_id</code> is no different than keying off of the permalink.</p>
<p>Using a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">page_id</code> to coordinate similar pages with different permalinks ensures that custom permalinks can still be seen on language specific sites.</p>
<h3 id="redirects-for-unique-permalinks">redirects for unique permalinks</h3>
<p>The challenge with unique permalinks comes with relativizing those urls. Polyglot avoids this problem entirely by suggesting consistent permalinks.</p>
<p>To help with this, polyglot sets <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">redirect_from</code> hidden frontmatter on these pages, listing the unique permalinks of corresponding pages.</p>
<p>When using the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">jekyll-redirect-from</code> plugin, that frontmatter will be picked up, and intelligent redirects made to the page’s custom permalink.</p>
<p>To see this in action, visit <a href="/a-really-long/permalink/">this page with a long permalink in different languages</a>.</p>
<h2 id="other-bug-fixes">Other bug fixes</h2>
<ul>
<li>This release should have a fix for <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/issues/151">#151</a> and <a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot/issues/184">#184</a>, preventing crashes on startup when calling other jekyll commands.</li>
</ul>
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