---
sample: read Bad_PreviewIFD.jpg
result:
  ExifToolVersion: 10.55
  FileSize: 8.4 kB
  FileType: JPEG
  FileTypeExtension: jpg
  MIMEType: image/jpeg
  JFIFVersion: 1.01
  ExifByteOrder: Big-endian (Motorola, MM)
  Make: NIKON CORPORATION
  Model: NIKON D60
  XResolution: 300
  YResolution: 300
  ResolutionUnit: inches
  Software: GIMP 2.6.11
  ModifyDate: 2012-05-31 21:33:12.000000000 +02:00
  YCbCrPositioning: Centered
  ExposureTime: !ruby/object:Rational
    denominator: 125
    numerator: 1
  FNumber: 5.6
  ExposureProgram: Not Defined
  ISO: 110
  ExifVersion: '0221'
  DateTimeOriginal: 2008-12-12 11:12:30.000000000 +01:00
  CreateDate: 2008-12-12 11:12:30.000000000 +01:00
  ComponentsConfiguration: Y, Cb, Cr, -
  ExposureCompensation: 0
  MaxApertureValue: 4.0
  MeteringMode: Multi-segment
  Flash: No Flash
  FocalLength: 55.0 mm
  MakerNoteVersion: 2.1
  ColorMode: Color
  Quality: Fine
  WhiteBalance: Auto
  Sharpness: Auto
  FocusMode: AF-A
  WhiteBalanceFineTune: 0 0
  WB_RBLevels: 56833 21761 1 1
  ProgramShift: 0
  ExposureDifference: 0
  Warning: Bad PreviewIFD directory
  ISOSetting: 110
  ImageBoundary: 0 0 3872 2592
  CropHiSpeed: Off (3904x2616 cropped to 3904x2616 at pixel 0,0)
  SerialNumber: 3365614
  VRInfoVersion: 100
  VibrationReduction: 'On'
  VRMode: Normal
  ActiveD-Lighting: 'Off'
  TimeZone: "-05:00"
  DaylightSavings: 'No'
  DateDisplayFormat: Y/M/D
  ISOExpansion: 'Off'
  ISO2: 112
  ISOExpansion2: 'Off'
  ToneComp: Auto
  LensType: G VR
  Lens: 55-200mm f/4-5.6
  FlashMode: Did Not Fire
  AFAreaMode: Dynamic Area (closest subject)
  AFPoint: Center
  AFPointsInFocus: Center
  ShootingMode: Single-Frame
  ColorHue: Mode3a
  LightSource: Natural
  ShotInfoVersion: '0211'
  HueAdjustment: 0
  NoiseReduction: 'Off'
  WB_RGGBLevels: 56833 1 1 7
  LensDataVersion: 202
  ExitPupilPosition: 70.6 mm
  AFAperture: 4.1
  FocusPosition: '0x22'
  FocusDistance: 6.31 m
  LensIDNumber: 144
  LensFStops: 4.92
  MinFocalLength: 55.0 mm
  MaxFocalLength: 201.6 mm
  MaxApertureAtMinFocal: 4.0
  MaxApertureAtMaxFocal: 5.7
  MCUVersion: 146
  EffectiveMaxAperture: 4.0
  SensorPixelSize: 6.05 x 6.05 um
  RetouchHistory: None
  ImageDataSize: 4725881
  ShutterCount: 290
  ImageOptimization: ''
  Saturation: Auto
  VariProgram: Auto
  MultiExposureVersion: 100
  MultiExposureMode: 'Off'
  MultiExposureShots: 0
  MultiExposureAutoGain: 'Off'
  HighISONoiseReduction: 'Off'
  PowerUpTime: 2008-12-12 11:11:24.000000000 +01:00
  FileInfoVersion: 100
  MemoryCardNumber: 0
  DirectoryNumber: 100
  FileNumber: '0081'
  RetouchInfoVersion: 100
  NEFBitDepth: Unknown (0 0 16723 17225)
  UserComment: ''
  SubSecTime: 0
  SubSecTimeOriginal: 0
  SubSecTimeDigitized: 0
  FlashpixVersion: 100
  ColorSpace: sRGB
  ExifImageWidth: 1
  ExifImageHeight: 1
  SensingMethod: One-chip color area
  FileSource: Digital Camera
  SceneType: Directly photographed
  CFAPattern: "[Green,Blue][Red,Green]"
  XPTitle: ''
  XPKeywords: ''
  Compression: JPEG (old-style)
  ThumbnailOffset: 3690
  ThumbnailLength: 631
  RatingPercent: 0
  Rating: 0
  Title: ''
  ProfileCMMType: Lino
  ProfileVersion: 2.1.0
  ProfileClass: Display Device Profile
  ColorSpaceData: 'RGB '
  ProfileConnectionSpace: 'XYZ '
  ProfileDateTime: 1998-02-09 06:49:00.000000000 +01:00
  ProfileFileSignature: acsp
  PrimaryPlatform: Microsoft Corporation
  CMMFlags: Not Embedded, Independent
  DeviceManufacturer: 'IEC '
  DeviceModel: sRGB
  DeviceAttributes: Reflective, Glossy, Positive, Color
  RenderingIntent: Perceptual
  ConnectionSpaceIlluminant: 0.9642 1 0.82491
  ProfileCreator: 'HP  '
  ProfileID: 0
  ProfileCopyright: Copyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company
  ProfileDescription: sRGB IEC61966-2.1
  MediaWhitePoint: 0.95045 1 1.08905
  MediaBlackPoint: 0 0 0
  RedMatrixColumn: 0.43607 0.22249 0.01392
  GreenMatrixColumn: 0.38515 0.71687 0.09708
  BlueMatrixColumn: 0.14307 0.06061 0.7141
  DeviceMfgDesc: IEC http://www.iec.ch
  DeviceModelDesc: IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB
  ViewingCondDesc: Reference Viewing Condition in IEC61966-2.1
  ViewingCondIlluminant: 19.6445 20.3718 16.8089
  ViewingCondSurround: 3.92889 4.07439 3.36179
  ViewingCondIlluminantType: D50
  Luminance: 76.03647 80 87.12462
  MeasurementObserver: CIE 1931
  MeasurementBacking: 0 0 0
  MeasurementGeometry: Unknown
  MeasurementFlare: 0.999%
  MeasurementIlluminant: D65
  Technology: Cathode Ray Tube Display
  RedTRC: "(Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract)"
  GreenTRC: "(Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract)"
  BlueTRC: "(Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract)"
  ImageWidth: 1
  ImageHeight: 1
  EncodingProcess: Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
  BitsPerSample: 8
  ColorComponents: 3
  YCbCrSubSampling: YCbCr4:4:0 (1 2)
  Aperture: 5.6
  BlueBalance: 7
  ImageSize: 1x1
  LensID: AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 55-200mm f/4-5.6G IF-ED
  LensSpec: 55-200mm f/4-5.6 G VR
  Megapixels: 1.0e-06
  RedBalance: 56833
  ShutterSpeed: !ruby/object:Rational
    denominator: 125
    numerator: 1
  SubSecCreateDate: 2008-12-12 11:12:30.000000000 +01:00
  SubSecDateTimeOriginal: 2008-12-12 11:12:30.000000000 +01:00
  SubSecModifyDate: 2012-05-31 21:33:12.000000000 +02:00
  ThumbnailImage: "(Binary data 631 bytes, use -b option to extract)"
  FocalLength35efl: 55.0 mm
  LightValue: 11.8
---
sample: read Canon.jpg
result:
  ExifToolVersion: 10.55
  FileSize: 2.6 kB
  FileType: JPEG
  FileTypeExtension: jpg
  MIMEType: image/jpeg
  ExifByteOrder: Little-endian (Intel, II)
  Make: Canon
  Model: Canon EOS DIGITAL REBEL
  Orientation: Horizontal (normal)
  XResolution: 180
  YResolution: 180
  ResolutionUnit: inches
  ModifyDate: 2003-12-04 06:46:52.000000000 +01:00
  YCbCrPositioning: Centered
  ExposureTime: 4
  FNumber: 14.0
  ISO: 100
  ExifVersion: '0221'
  DateTimeOriginal: 2003-12-04 06:46:52.000000000 +01:00
  CreateDate: 2003-12-04 06:46:52.000000000 +01:00
  ComponentsConfiguration: Y, Cb, Cr, -
  CompressedBitsPerPixel: 9
  ShutterSpeedValue: 0
  ApertureValue: 14.0
  MaxApertureValue: 4.5
  Flash: No Flash
  FocalLength: 34.0 mm
  MacroMode: Unknown (0)
  SelfTimer: 'Off'
  Quality: RAW
  CanonFlashMode: 'Off'
  ContinuousDrive: Continuous
  FocusMode: Manual Focus (3)
  RecordMode: CRW+THM
  CanonImageSize: Large
  EasyMode: Manual
  DigitalZoom: Unknown (-1)
  Contrast: "+1"
  Saturation: "+1"
  Sharpness: "+1"
  CameraISO: n/a
  MeteringMode: Center-weighted average
  FocusRange: Not Known
  CanonExposureMode: Manual
  LensType: n/a
  MaxFocalLength: 55 mm
  MinFocalLength: 18 mm
  FocalUnits: 1/mm
  MaxAperture: 4
  MinAperture: 27
  FlashActivity: 0
  FlashBits: "(none)"
  ZoomSourceWidth: 3072
  ZoomTargetWidth: 3072
  ManualFlashOutput: n/a
  ColorTone: Normal
  FocalPlaneXSize: 23.22 mm
  FocalPlaneYSize: 15.49 mm
  AutoISO: 100
  BaseISO: 100
  MeasuredEV: -1.25
  TargetAperture: 14
  ExposureCompensation: 0
  WhiteBalance: Auto
  SlowShutter: None
  SequenceNumber: 0
  OpticalZoomCode: n/a
  FlashGuideNumber: 0
  FlashExposureComp: 0
  AutoExposureBracketing: 'Off'
  AEBBracketValue: 0
  ControlMode: Camera Local Control
  FocusDistanceUpper: inf
  FocusDistanceLower: 5.46 m
  MeasuredEV2: -1.25
  BulbDuration: 4
  CameraType: EOS Mid-range
  AutoRotate: None
  NDFilter: n/a
  SelfTimer2: 0
  BracketMode: 'Off'
  BracketValue: 0
  BracketShotNumber: 0
  CanonImageType: CRW:EOS DIGITAL REBEL CMOS RAW
  CanonFirmwareVersion: Firmware Version 1.1.1
  SerialNumber: 560018150
  SerialNumberFormat: Format 1
  FileNumber: 118-1861
  OwnerName: Phil Harvey
  CanonModelID: EOS Digital Rebel / 300D / Kiss Digital
  CanonFileLength: 4480822
  MeasuredRGGB: 998 1022 1026 808
  WB_RGGBLevelsAuto: 1719 832 831 990
  WB_RGGBLevelsDaylight: 1722 832 831 989
  WB_RGGBLevelsShade: 2035 832 831 839
  WB_RGGBLevelsCloudy: 1878 832 831 903
  WB_RGGBLevelsTungsten: 1228 913 912 1668
  WB_RGGBLevelsFluorescent: 1506 842 841 1381
  WB_RGGBLevelsFlash: 1933 832 831 895
  WB_RGGBLevelsCustom: 1722 832 831 989
  WB_RGGBLevelsKelvin: 1722 832 831 988
  WB_RGGBBlackLevels: 124 123 124 123
  ColorTemperature: 5200
  NumAFPoints: 7
  ValidAFPoints: 7
  CanonImageWidth: 3072
  CanonImageHeight: 2048
  AFImageWidth: 3072
  AFImageHeight: 2048
  AFAreaWidth: 151
  AFAreaHeight: 151
  AFAreaXPositions: 1014 608 0 0 0 -608 -1014
  AFAreaYPositions: 0 0 -506 0 506 0 0
  AFPointsInFocus: "(none)"
  ThumbnailImageValidArea: 0 159 7 112
  UserComment: ''
  FlashpixVersion: 100
  ColorSpace: sRGB
  ExifImageWidth: 160
  ExifImageHeight: 120
  InteropIndex: THM - DCF thumbnail file
  InteropVersion: 100
  RelatedImageWidth: 3072
  RelatedImageHeight: 2048
  FocalPlaneXResolution: 3443.946188
  FocalPlaneYResolution: 3442.016807
  FocalPlaneResolutionUnit: inches
  SensingMethod: One-chip color area
  FileSource: Digital Camera
  CustomRendered: Normal
  ExposureMode: Manual
  SceneCaptureType: Standard
  ImageWidth: 8
  ImageHeight: 8
  EncodingProcess: Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
  BitsPerSample: 8
  ColorComponents: 3
  YCbCrSubSampling: YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2)
  Aperture: 14.0
  DriveMode: Continuous Shooting
  ImageSize: 8x8
  Lens: 18.0 - 55.0 mm
  LensID: Unknown 18-55mm
  Megapixels: 6.4e-05
  ScaleFactor35efl: 1.6
  ShootingMode: Bulb
  ShutterSpeed: 4
  WB_RGGBLevels: 1719 832 831 990
  BlueBalance: 1.190619
  CircleOfConfusion: 0.019 mm
  DOF: inf (4.31 m - inf)
  FOV: 36.9 deg
  FocalLength35efl: '34.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 54.0 mm)'
  HyperfocalDistance: 4.37 m
  Lens35efl: '18.0 - 55.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 28.6 - 87.4 mm)'
  LightValue: 5.6
  RedBalance: 2.067348
---
sample: read test.jpg
result:
  ExifToolVersion: 10.55
  FileSize: 46 kB
  FileType: JPEG
  FileTypeExtension: jpg
  MIMEType: image/jpeg
  JFIFVersion: 1.01
  ExifByteOrder: Big-endian (Motorola, MM)
  ImageDescription: KONICA MINOLTA DIGITAL CAMERA
  Make: KONICA MINOLTA
  Model: DYNAX 7D
  Orientation: Horizontal (normal)
  XResolution: 72
  YResolution: 72
  ResolutionUnit: inches
  Software: DYNAX 7D v1.10
  ModifyDate: 2005-09-13 20:08:50.000000000 +02:00
  YCbCrPositioning: Centered
  ExposureTime: !ruby/object:Rational
    denominator: 60
    numerator: 1
  FNumber: 9.5
  ExposureProgram: Program AE
  ISO: 400
  ExifVersion: '0221'
  DateTimeOriginal: 2005-09-13 20:08:50.000000000 +02:00
  CreateDate: 2005-09-13 20:08:50.000000000 +02:00
  ComponentsConfiguration: Y, Cb, Cr, -
  BrightnessValue: 4.5
  ExposureCompensation: -1
  MaxApertureValue: 4.5
  MeteringMode: Multi-segment
  LightSource: Unknown
  Flash: Off, Did not fire
  FocalLength: 75.0 mm
  SubjectArea: 1504 1000 256 304
  MakerNoteVersion: MLT0
  MinoltaImageSize: Large
  WhiteBalance: Auto
  FocusMode: AF-A
  AFPoints: Center
  FlashMode: Normal
  ISOSetting: 400
  FreeMemoryCardImages: 202
  HueAdjustment: 0
  Rotation: Horizontal (normal)
  ImageNumber: 6
  NoiseReduction: Unknown (2)
  ImageNumber2: 50
  ZoneMatchingOn: 'Off'
  CompressedImageSize: 1598477
  PreviewImageStart: 39152
  PreviewImageLength: 0
  SceneMode: Standard
  ColorMode: Natural sRGB
  MinoltaQuality: Fine
  FlashExposureComp: 0
  Teleconverter: None
  ImageStabilization: 'On'
  ZoneMatching: ISO Setting Used
  ColorTemperature: 0
  LensType: Minolta AF 28-135mm F4-4.5 or Sigma Lens
  UserComment: ''
  FlashpixVersion: 100
  ColorSpace: sRGB
  ExifImageWidth: 3008
  ExifImageHeight: 2000
  CustomRendered: Normal
  ExposureMode: Auto
  DigitalZoomRatio: 0
  FocalLengthIn35mmFormat: 112 mm
  SceneCaptureType: Standard
  GainControl: Low gain up
  Contrast: Normal
  Saturation: Normal
  Sharpness: Normal
  PrintIMVersion: 300
  Compression: JPEG (old-style)
  ThumbnailOffset: 39274
  ThumbnailLength: 1820
  CurrentIPTCDigest: dd8d51d28ddf04f08f870e5ff2f64d01
  Keywords:
  - Orange
  - Rot
  ApplicationRecordVersion: 4
  SupplementalCategories: Natur
  XMPToolkit: Image::ExifTool 7.03
  Title: Abenddämmerung
  ImageWidth: 300
  ImageHeight: 199
  EncodingProcess: Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
  BitsPerSample: 8
  ColorComponents: 3
  YCbCrSubSampling: YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2)
  Aperture: 9.5
  ImageSize: 300x199
  LensID: Minolta AF 28-135mm F4-4.5
  Megapixels: 0.06
  ScaleFactor35efl: 1.5
  ShutterSpeed: !ruby/object:Rational
    denominator: 60
    numerator: 1
  ThumbnailImage: "(Binary data 1820 bytes, use -b option to extract)"
  CircleOfConfusion: 0.020 mm
  FOV: 18.3 deg
  FocalLength35efl: '75.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 112.0 mm)'
  HyperfocalDistance: 29.43 m
  LightValue: 10.4
---
sample: read test_coordinates.jpg
result:
  ExifToolVersion: 10.55
  FileSize: 251 kB
  FileType: JPEG
  FileTypeExtension: jpg
  MIMEType: image/jpeg
  ExifByteOrder: Big-endian (Motorola, MM)
  ImageDescription: clip
  Orientation: Horizontal (normal)
  XResolution: 72
  YResolution: 72
  ResolutionUnit: inches
  YCbCrPositioning: Centered
  ExposureTime: !ruby/object:Rational
    denominator: 30
    numerator: 1
  FNumber: 2.4
  ExposureProgram: Program AE
  ISO: 400
  ExifVersion: '0221'
  ComponentsConfiguration: Y, Cb, Cr, -
  ShutterSpeedValue: !ruby/object:Rational
    denominator: 30
    numerator: 1
  ApertureValue: 2.4
  BrightnessValue: 1.954376479
  MeteringMode: Multi-segment
  Flash: Off, Did not fire
  FocalLength: 4.1 mm
  SubjectArea: 519 403 239 180
  UserComment: clip
  FlashpixVersion: 100
  ColorSpace: sRGB
  ExifImageWidth: 1280
  ExifImageHeight: 720
  SensingMethod: One-chip color area
  ExposureMode: Auto
  WhiteBalance: Auto
  FocalLengthIn35mmFormat: 35 mm
  SceneCaptureType: Standard
  GPSLatitudeRef: North
  GPSLongitudeRef: West
  GPSAltitude: 0 m
  GPSTimeStamp: '00:00:00'
  GPSDOP: 0
  Compression: JPEG (old-style)
  ThumbnailOffset: 766
  ThumbnailLength: 3831
  ImageWidth: 1280
  ImageHeight: 720
  EncodingProcess: Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
  BitsPerSample: 8
  ColorComponents: 3
  YCbCrSubSampling: YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2)
  Aperture: 2.4
  GPSLatitude: 43 deg 39' 11.40" N
  GPSLongitude: 79 deg 22' 23.40" W
  GPSPosition: 43 deg 39' 11.40" N, 79 deg 22' 23.40" W
  ImageSize: 1280x720
  Megapixels: 0.922
  ScaleFactor35efl: 8.5
  ShutterSpeed: !ruby/object:Rational
    denominator: 30
    numerator: 1
  ThumbnailImage: "(Binary data 3831 bytes, use -b option to extract)"
  CircleOfConfusion: 0.004 mm
  FOV: 54.4 deg
  FocalLength35efl: '4.1 mm (35 mm equivalent: 35.0 mm)'
  HyperfocalDistance: 2.00 m
  LightValue: 5.4
---
sample: read test_encodings.jpg
result:
  ExifToolVersion: 10.55
  FileSize: 660 bytes
  FileType: JPEG
  FileTypeExtension: jpg
  MIMEType: image/jpeg
  CurrentIPTCDigest: '09b79ab4703f3570ba3140ffc2dba2f6'
  ObjectName: Mšhre
  ApplicationRecordVersion: 4
  ImageWidth: 1
  ImageHeight: 1
  EncodingProcess: Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
  BitsPerSample: 8
  ColorComponents: 3
  YCbCrSubSampling: YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2)
  ImageSize: 1x1
  Megapixels: 1.0e-06
---
sample: read test_special_dates.jpg
result:
  ExifToolVersion: 10.55
  FileSize: 3.7 kB
  FileType: JPEG
  FileTypeExtension: jpg
  MIMEType: image/jpeg
  ExifByteOrder: Big-endian (Motorola, MM)
  XResolution: 72
  YResolution: 72
  ResolutionUnit: inches
  ModifyDate: false
  YCbCrPositioning: Centered
  ExifVersion: 220
  DateTimeOriginal: 1961-08-13 12:08:25.000000000 +01:00
  ComponentsConfiguration: Y, Cb, Cr, -
  FlashpixVersion: 100
  ColorSpace: Uncalibrated
  PreviewDateTime: 1961-08-13 12:08:25.000000000 +01:00
  ImageWidth: 300
  ImageHeight: 199
  EncodingProcess: Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
  BitsPerSample: 8
  ColorComponents: 3
  YCbCrSubSampling: YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2)
  ImageSize: 300x199
  Megapixels: 0.06