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# A comment
VERSION := 0.1.$(shell git log --oneline | wc -l | sed -e "s/ //g")
# Simple assignments
LIST= Parser Grammar Objects Python Modules Mac
STRING= '--with-pydebug'
NUMBER= 2.6
DOT= .
DIR= /usr/local
DIR_LIST= Modules/threadmodule.o Modules/signalmodule.o
CMD_WITH_SWITCH= gcc -pthread
DIR_WITH_SWITCH= /usr/bin/install -c
ALL_SWITCHES= -g -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes
EMPTY=
# Interpolation
SINGLE_PARENS= $(CC)
MULTI_PARENS= $(LOCALMODLIBS) $(BASEMODLIBS)
CMD_AND_PARENS= svnversion $(srcdir)
DIR_AND_PARENS= $(srcdir)/Modules/makesetup
BRACES= ${INSTALL}
DIR_AND_BRACES== ${prefix}/man
BRACES_AND_SWITCH= ${INSTALL} -m 644
# Multiline assignment
MULTI= \
Modules/config.o \
Modules/getpath.o \
Modules/main.o \
Modules/gcmodule.o
MULTI_WITH_PARENS= \
Modules/getbuildinfo.o \
$(PARSER_OBJS) \
$(OBJECT_OBJS)
# Definition
simple: $(BUILDPYTHON) oldsharedmods sharedmods
$(interpol): Modules/python.o $(LIBRARY) $(LDLIBRARY)
multi dir/file.c: Makefile.pre \
Modules/Setup.local
# Commands
commands: $(SHELL) $(MAKESETUP) -c $(srcdir)/Modules/config.c.in
@echo "The Makefile was updated, you may need to re-run make."
commands/complex: $(srcdir)/Modules/Setup.dist
@if test -f Modules/Setup; then \
echo "-----------------------------------------------"; \
fi
commands_switch: all platform
-find $(srcdir)/Lib -name '*.py[co]' -print | xargs rm -f
frameworkaltinstallunixtools:
cd Mac && $(MAKE) altinstallunixtools DESTDIR="$(DESTDIR)"
include SubMake.make # Insert lines from another file (which must exist)
-include Maybe.make # Next 2 similar, but not an error if they doon't exist
sinclude DynamicDependencies.make
# Function expansions (including $(shell)) can occur anywhere
$(shell echo VARIABLE) := $(shell echo value)
$(shell echo $(TARGET1)) $(TARGET2) target3: \
$(shell echo $(DEPENDENCY1)) $(DEPENDENCY2) dependency3
touch $(shell echo target{1..3})
@echo $(shell echo 1)
@echo $(shell echo 2 )
@echo ${shell echo 3}
@echo ${shell echo 4 }
# Many other built-in functions exist
OBJECT_GOALS = $(filter %.o,${MAKECMDGOALS})
# User-defined functions can be used via $(call)
reverse = $(2) $(1)
foo = $(call reverse,a,b) # foo contains 'b a'
# Substitution references can be used when expanding variables
SOURCE = $(OBJECT:.o=.c)
# Alternative syntax for substitution references
foo = input1.txt
bar = $(foo:input%.txt=output%.bin) # set to 'output1.bin'
# Conditionals
ifdef THING
THING2 = $(THING)
else
THING2 = default
endif
ifeq ($(OS), Linux)
MES = "Hi, Linux"
else ifeq ($(OS), Darwin)
MES = "Hi, Mac"
else
MES = "Unknown"
endif
ifeq ($(TARGET),special) # syntax variant: parentheses and separating comma
TARGET = something_else
else
ifneq '$(TARGET)' "don't" # syntax variant: either argument can be single or double quoted
TARGET = be_silly
endif # and can be indented, even with tabs (so long as not in a recipe)
endif
count:
echo one
echo two
ifndef QUIET # conditionals can happen within recipes
echo miss a few
endif
echo one hundred
# Dollars must be escaped if a literal one is required
print_path:
echo $$PATH
# The define Directive
define variable
define variable =
define variable :=
define variable ::=
define variable +=
define variable ?=
define PROGRAM_template =
$(1): $$($(1)_OBJS) $$($(1)_LIBS:%=-l%)
ALL_OBJS += $$($(1)_OBJS)
endef
# Secondary expansion
.SECONDEXPANSION:
ONEVAR = onefile
TWOVAR = twofile
myfile: $(ONEVAR) $$(TWOVAR)
main lib: $$(patsubst %.c,%.o,$$($$@_SRCS))
# The eval function
$(foreach prog,$(PROGRAMS),$(eval $(call PROGRAM_template,$(prog))))
# The override Directive
override define foo =
endef
override variable = value
override variable := value
override variable += more text
override CFLAGS += -g
# export/unexport
export variable = value
export variable := value
export variable += value
export variable
unexport variable
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