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<html><title>Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide</title><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><STYLE TYPE="text/css"><!--
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</STYLE><table bgcolor="#a03030" cellpadding="3" border="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td colspan="3"><table bgcolor="#902020" cellpadding="20"><tr><td><h1 class="header">Programming Ruby</h1><h3 class="subheader">The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide</h3></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left"><a class="subheader" href="ref_c_file__stat.html">Previous <</a></td><td width="33%" align="center" valign="middle"><a class="subheader" href="builtins.html">Contents ^</a><br></td><td width="33%" align="right"><a class="subheader" href="ref_c_float.html">Next ></a><br></td></tr></table></head><body bgcolor="white">
<!--
Copyright (c) 2001 by Addison Wesley Longman. This
material may be distributed only subject to the terms and
conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or
later (the latest version is presently available at
http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).
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<table><tr><td height="20"><img src="dot.gif" width="1" height="20"></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" bgcolor="660066" cellpadding="10"><tr><td valign="center"><font color="white" size="7">class Fixnum</font></td><td><table border="0"><tr><td><font color="white">
Parent:
</font></td><td><font color="white">Integer</font></td></tr><tr><td><font color="white">
Version:
</font></td><td><font color="white">
1.6
</font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p></p><H3>Index:</H3><a href="#Arithmeticoperations"><i>Arithmetic operations</i></a> <a href="#Bitoperations"><i>Bit operations</i></a> <a href="#_lt_eq_lt"><i><=></i></a> <a href="#_ob_cb"><i>[ ]</i></a> <a href="#id2name"><i>id2name</i></a> <a href="#size"><i>size</i></a> <a href="#to_f"><i>to_f</i></a> <a href="#to_i"><i>to_i</i></a> <a href="#to_s"><i>to_s</i></a> <p></p><hr>
A <code>Fixnum</code> holds <code>Integer</code> values that can be represented in a
native machine word (minus 1 bit). If any operation on a
<code>Fixnum</code> exceeds this range, the value is automatically converted
to a <code>Bignum</code>.
<P></P>
<code>Fixnum</code> objects have immediate value.
This means that when they
are assigned or passed as parameters, the actual object is passed,
rather than a reference to that object. Assignment does not alias
<code>Fixnum</code> objects. There is effectively only one <code>Fixnum</code>
object instance for any given integer value, so, for example, you
cannot add a singleton method to a <code>Fixnum</code>.
<P></P>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="10"><tr><td valign="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="990066"><font color="white" size="6">instance methods
</font></td></tr><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="Arithmeticoperations"><b>Arithmetic operations</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<P></P>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Performs various arithmetic operations on <i>fix</i>.
<P></P>
<table bgcolor="#fff0f0" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">+</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Addition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">--</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Subtraction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">*</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Multiplication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">/</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">%</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Modulo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">**</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Exponentiation</td>
</tr>
</table>
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="Bitoperations"><b>Bit operations</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<P></P>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Performs various operations on the binary representations of the
<code>Fixnum</code>.
<P></P>
<table bgcolor="#fff0f0" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td colspan="3" valign="top">~ <i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">Invert bits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">|</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Bitwise <font size="-2">OR</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">&</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Bitwise <font size="-2">AND</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">^</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Bitwise <font size="-2">EXCLUSIVE</font> <font size="-2">OR</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top"><<</td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Left-shift <em>aNumeric</em> bits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><i>fix</i></td>
<td valign="top">>></td>
<td valign="top"><i>aNumeric</i></td>
<td valign="top">Right-shift <em>aNumeric</em>
bits (with sign extension)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="_lt_eq_lt"><b><=></b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<i>fix</i> <=> <i>aNumeric</i>
-> -1, 0, +1
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Comparison---Returns -1, 0, or +1 depending on whether <i>fix</i> is less
than, equal to, or greater than <i>aNumeric</i>. This is the
basis for the tests in <code>Comparable</code>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="_ob_cb"><b>[ ]</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<i>fix</i>[ <i>n</i> ] -> 0, 1
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Bit Reference---Returns the <em>n</em>th bit in the binary
representation of <i>fix</i>, where <i>fix</i>[0] is the least significant
bit.
<P></P>
<table bgcolor="#fff0f0" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="3" width="400"><tr><td><pre>
a = 0b11001100101010
30.downto(0) do |n| print a[n] end
</pre></td></tr></table>
<em>produces:</em>
<table bgcolor="#fff0f0" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="3" width="400"><tr><td><pre>
0000000000000000011001100101010
</pre></td></tr></table>
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="id2name"><b>id2name</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<i>fix</i>.id2name -> <i>aString</i> or <code>nil</code>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
Returns the name of the object whose symbol
id is the value of <i>fix</i>. If there is no symbol in the symbol
table with this value, returns <code>nil</code>.
<code>id2name</code> has nothing to do with the <code>Object.id</code>
method. See also <a href="ref_c_string.html#intern"><code>String#intern</code></a>
on page 376 and class <code>Symbol</code> on page 388.
<P></P>
<table bgcolor="#fff0f0" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="3" width="500">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>symbol = :@inst_var</code></td>
<td valign="top"></td>
<td valign="top"><code>:@inst_var</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>id = symbol.to_i</code></td>
<td valign="top"></td>
<td valign="top"><code>8978</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>id.id2name</code></td>
<td valign="top"></td>
<td valign="top"><code>"@inst_var"</code></td>
</tr>
</table>
<P></P>
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="size"><b>size</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<i>fix</i>.size -> <i>aFixnum</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns the number of <em>bytes</em> in the machine representation
of a <code>Fixnum</code>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="to_f"><b>to_f</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<i>fix</i>.to_f -> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Converts <i>fix</i> to a <code>Float</code>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="to_i"><b>to_i</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<i>fix</i>.to_i -> <i>fix</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns <i>fix</i>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="to_s"><b>to_s</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
<i>fix</i>.to_s -> <i>aString</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns a string containing the decimal representation of self.
<P></P>
</td></table>
<P></P>
<p></p><hr><table bgcolor="#a03030" cellpadding="10" border="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left"><a class="subheader" href="ref_c_file__stat.html">Previous <</a></td><td width="33%" align="center" valign="middle"><a class="subheader" href="builtins.html">Contents ^</a><br></td><td width="33%" align="right"><a class="subheader" href="ref_c_float.html">Next ></a><br></td></tr></table><p></p><font size="-1">Extracted from the book "Programming Ruby -
The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide"</font><br><font size="-3">
Copyright
©
2000 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Released under the terms of the
<a href="http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/">Open Publication License</a> V1.0.
<br>
This reference is available for
<a href="http://www.pragmaticprogrammer.com/ruby/downloads/book.html">download</a>.
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