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<html><title>Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide</title><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><STYLE TYPE="text/css"><!--
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</STYLE><table bgcolor="#a03030" cellpadding="3" border="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td colspan="3"><table bgcolor="#902020" cellpadding="20"><tr><td><h1 class="header">Programming Ruby</h1><h3 class="subheader">The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide</h3></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left"><a class="subheader" href="ref_m_marshal.html">Previous <</a></td><td width="33%" align="center" valign="middle"><a class="subheader" href="builtins.html">Contents ^</a><br></td><td width="33%" align="right"><a class="subheader" href="ref_m_objectspace.html">Next ></a><br></td></tr></table></head><body bgcolor="white">
<!--
Copyright (c) 2001 by Addison Wesley Longman. This
material may be distributed only subject to the terms and
conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or
later (the latest version is presently available at
http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).
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<table><tr><td height="20"><img src="dot.gif" width="1" height="20"></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" bgcolor="660066" cellpadding="10"><tr><td valign="center"><font color="white" size="7">module Math</font></td></tr></table><p></p><H3>Index:</H3><a href="#atan2">atan2</a> <a href="#cos">cos</a> <a href="#exp">exp</a> <a href="#frexp">frexp</a> <a href="#ldexp">ldexp</a> <a href="#log">log</a> <a href="#log10">log10</a> <a href="#sin">sin</a> <a href="#sqrt">sqrt</a> <a href="#tan">tan</a> <p></p><hr>
<P></P>
The <code>Math</code> module contains module functions for basic
trigonometric and transcendental functions.
<P></P>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="10"><tr><td valign="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="990066"><font color="white" size="6">
constants
</font></td></tr></table><table border="2" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<tr>
<td><a name="E"><code>E</code></a></td>
<td>2.718281828</td>
<td>Value of e (base of natural
logarithms)</td>
</tr>
<P></P>
<tr>
<td><a name="PI"><code>PI</code></a></td>
<td>3.141592654</td>
<td>Value of PI</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
</table><p></p>
<P></P>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="10"><tr><td valign="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="990066"><font color="white" size="6">class methods
</font></td></tr><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="atan2"><b>atan2</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.atan2( <i>y, x</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Computes the arc tangent given <i>y</i> and <i>x</i>. Returns -PI..PI.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="cos"><b>cos</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.cos( <i>aNumeric</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Computes the cosine of <i>aNumeric</i> (expressed
in radians).
Returns -1..1.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="exp"><b>exp</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.exp( <i>aNumeric</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns e raised to the power of <i>aNumeric</i>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="frexp"><b>frexp</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.frexp( <i>aNumeric</i> )
-> <i>anArray</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns a two-element array ([<i>aFloat, aFixnum</i>]) containing
the normalized fraction and exponent of <i>aNumeric</i>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="ldexp"><b>ldexp</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.ldexp( <i>aFloat</i>, <i>anInteger</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns the value of <i>aFloat</i> *2<sup><i>anInteger</i></sup>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="log"><b>log</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.log( <i>aNumeric</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns the natural logarithm of <i>aNumeric</i>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="log10"><b>log10</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.log10( <i>aNumeric</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns the base 10 logarithm of <i>aNumeric</i>.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="sin"><b>sin</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.sin( <i>aNumeric</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Computes the sine of <i>aNumeric</i> (expressed in
radians). Returns -1..1.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="sqrt"><b>sqrt</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.sqrt( <i>aNumeric</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns the non-negative square root of <i>aNumeric</i>.
Raises <code>ArgError</code> if <i>aNumeric</i> is less than zero.
<P></P>
</td><tr><td valign="center" bgcolor="#ff9999"><font size="4"><a name="tan"><b>tan</b></a></font></td><td bgcolor="#ffaaaa">
Math.tan( <i>aNumeric</i> )
-> <i>aFloat</i>
</td></tr><td></td><td>
<P></P>
Returns the tangent of <i>aNumeric</i> (expressed in radians).
<P></P>
</td></table>
<P></P>
<p></p><hr><table bgcolor="#a03030" cellpadding="10" border="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left"><a class="subheader" href="ref_m_marshal.html">Previous <</a></td><td width="33%" align="center" valign="middle"><a class="subheader" href="builtins.html">Contents ^</a><br></td><td width="33%" align="right"><a class="subheader" href="ref_m_objectspace.html">Next ></a><br></td></tr></table><p></p><font size="-1">Extracted from the book "Programming Ruby -
The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide"</font><br><font size="-3">
Copyright
©
2000 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Released under the terms of the
<a href="http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/">Open Publication License</a> V1.0.
<br>
This reference is available for
<a href="http://www.pragmaticprogrammer.com/ruby/downloads/book.html">download</a>.
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