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&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.icon.co.za/~psheer/rute-purchase.html"><FONT COLOR=white>Purchase</FONT></A>&nbsp;
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<FONT COLOR=white>
Copyright&nbsp;&#169;&nbsp;2002&nbsp;Paul Sheer. <A HREF="copying.html"><FONT COLOR=white>Click here for copying permissions.</FONT></A>
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&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.icon.co.za/~psheer/rute-home.html"><FONT COLOR=white>Home</FONT></A>&nbsp;
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00100000000000000000">
Contents</A>
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<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html969"
  HREF="node2.html">Preface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html970"
  HREF="node3.html">Acknowledgments</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html971"
  HREF="node4.html">1. Introduction</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html972"
  HREF="node4.html#SECTION00410000000000000000">1.1 What This Book Covers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html973"
  HREF="node4.html#SECTION00420000000000000000">1.2 Read This Next...</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html974"
  HREF="node4.html#SECTION00430000000000000000">1.3 What Do I Need to Get Started?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html975"
  HREF="node4.html#SECTION00440000000000000000">1.4 More About This Book</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html976"
  HREF="node4.html#SECTION00450000000000000000">1.5 I Get Frustrated with U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> Documentation That I Don't Understand</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html977"
  HREF="node4.html#SECTION00460000000000000000">1.6 LPI and RHCE Requirements</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html978"
  HREF="node4.html#SECTION00470000000000000000">1.7 Not RedHat: RedHat-<I>like</I></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html979"
  HREF="node4.html#SECTION00480000000000000000">1.8 Updates and Errata</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html980"
  HREF="node5.html">2. Computing Sub-basics</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html981"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00510000000000000000">2.1 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html982"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00520000000000000000">2.2 Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html983"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00530000000000000000">2.3 Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html984"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00540000000000000000">2.4 Login and Password Change</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html985"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00550000000000000000">2.5 Listing Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html986"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00560000000000000000">2.6 Command-Line Editing Keys</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html987"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00570000000000000000">2.7 Console Keys</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html988"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00580000000000000000">2.8 Creating Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html989"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION00590000000000000000">2.9 Allowable Characters for File Names</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html990"
  HREF="node5.html#SECTION005100000000000000000">2.10 Directories</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html991"
  HREF="node6.html">3. PC Hardware</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html992"
  HREF="node6.html#SECTION00610000000000000000">3.1 Motherboard</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html993"
  HREF="node6.html#SECTION00620000000000000000">3.2 Master/Slave IDE</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html994"
  HREF="node6.html#SECTION00630000000000000000">3.3 CMOS</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html995"
  HREF="node6.html#SECTION00640000000000000000">3.4 Serial Devices</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html996"
  HREF="node6.html#SECTION00650000000000000000">3.5 Modems</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html997"
  HREF="node7.html">4. Basic Commands</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html998"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00710000000000000000">4.1 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">ls</FONT></TT> Command, Hidden Files, Command-Line Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html999"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00720000000000000000">4.2 Error Messages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1000"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00730000000000000000">4.3 Wildcards, Names, Extensions, and <I>glob</I> Expressions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1001"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00731000000000000000">4.3.1 File naming</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1002"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00732000000000000000">4.3.2 Glob expressions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1003"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00740000000000000000">4.4 Usage Summaries and the Copy Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1004"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00750000000000000000">4.5 Directory Manipulation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1005"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00760000000000000000">4.6 <I>Relative</I> vs. <I>Absolute</I> Pathnames</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1006"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00770000000000000000">4.7 System Manual Pages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1007"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00780000000000000000">4.8 System <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">info</FONT></TT> Pages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1008"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00790000000000000000">4.9 Some Basic Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1009"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007100000000000000000">4.10 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mc</FONT></TT> File Manager</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1010"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007110000000000000000">4.11 Multimedia Commands for Fun</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1011"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007120000000000000000">4.12 Terminating Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1012"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007130000000000000000">4.13 Compressed Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1013"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007140000000000000000">4.14 Searching for Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1014"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007150000000000000000">4.15 Searching <I>Within</I> Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1015"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007160000000000000000">4.16 Copying to MS-DOS and Windows Formatted Floppy Disks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1016"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007170000000000000000">4.17 Archives and Backups</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1017"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007180000000000000000">4.18 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">PATH</FONT></TT> Where Commands Are Searched For</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1018"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION007190000000000000000">4.19 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">&#45;&#45;</FONT></TT> Option</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1019"
  HREF="node8.html">5. Regular Expressions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1020"
  HREF="node8.html#SECTION00810000000000000000">5.1 Overview</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1021"
  HREF="node8.html#SECTION00820000000000000000">5.2 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">fgrep</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1022"
  HREF="node8.html#SECTION00830000000000000000">5.3 Regular Expression <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">&#92;&#123;</FONT></TT> <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">&#92;&#125;</FONT></TT> Notation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1023"
  HREF="node8.html#SECTION00840000000000000000">5.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">+</FONT></TT> <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">?</FONT></TT> <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">&#92;&#60;</FONT></TT>
<TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">&#92;&#62;</FONT></TT> <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">(</FONT></TT> <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">)</FONT></TT> <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">&#124;</FONT></TT> Notation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1024"
  HREF="node8.html#SECTION00850000000000000000">5.5 Regular Expression Subexpressions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1025"
  HREF="node9.html">6. Editing Text Files</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1026"
  HREF="node9.html#SECTION00910000000000000000">6.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">vi</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1027"
  HREF="node9.html#SECTION00920000000000000000">6.2 Syntax Highlighting</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1028"
  HREF="node9.html#SECTION00930000000000000000">6.3 Editors</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1029"
  HREF="node9.html#SECTION00931000000000000000">6.3.1 Cooledit</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1030"
  HREF="node9.html#SECTION00932000000000000000">6.3.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">vi</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">vim</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1031"
  HREF="node9.html#SECTION00933000000000000000">6.3.3 Emacs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1032"
  HREF="node9.html#SECTION00934000000000000000">6.3.4 Other editors</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1033"
  HREF="node10.html">7. Shell Scripting</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1034"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001010000000000000000">7.1 Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1035"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001020000000000000000">7.2 Looping: the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">while</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">until</FONT></TT> Statements</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1036"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001030000000000000000">7.3 Looping: the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">for</FONT></TT> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1037"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001040000000000000000">7.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">break</FONT></TT>ing Out of Loops and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">continue</FONT></TT>ing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1038"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001050000000000000000">7.5 Looping Over Glob Expressions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1039"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001060000000000000000">7.6 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">case</FONT></TT> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1040"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001070000000000000000">7.7 Using Functions: the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">function</FONT></TT> Keyword</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1041"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001080000000000000000">7.8 Properly Processing Command-Line Args: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">shift</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1042"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION001090000000000000000">7.9 More on Command-Line Arguments: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">$@</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">$0</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1043"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION0010100000000000000000">7.10 Single Forward Quote Notation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1044"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION0010110000000000000000">7.11 Double-Quote Notation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1045"
  HREF="node10.html#SECTION0010120000000000000000">7.12 Backward-Quote Substitution</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1046"
  HREF="node11.html">8. Streams and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">sed</FONT></TT> -- The Stream Editor</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1047"
  HREF="node11.html#SECTION001110000000000000000">8.1 Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1048"
  HREF="node11.html#SECTION001120000000000000000">8.2 Tutorial</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1049"
  HREF="node11.html#SECTION001130000000000000000">8.3 Piping Using <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">&#124;</FONT></TT> Notation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1050"
  HREF="node11.html#SECTION001140000000000000000">8.4 A Complex Piping Example</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1051"
  HREF="node11.html#SECTION001150000000000000000">8.5 Redirecting Streams with <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">&gt;&amp;</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1052"
  HREF="node11.html#SECTION001160000000000000000">8.6 Using <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">sed</FONT></TT> to Edit Streams</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1053"
  HREF="node11.html#SECTION001170000000000000000">8.7 Regular Expression Subexpressions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1054"
  HREF="node11.html#SECTION001180000000000000000">8.8 Inserting and Deleting Lines</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1055"
  HREF="node12.html">9. Processes, Environment Variables</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1056"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001210000000000000000">9.1 Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1057"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001220000000000000000">9.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">ps</FONT></TT> -- List Running Processes</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1058"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001230000000000000000">9.3 Controlling Jobs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1059"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001240000000000000000">9.4 Creating Background Processes</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1060"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001250000000000000000">9.5 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">kill</FONT></TT><I>ing</I> a Process, Sending Signals</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1061"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001260000000000000000">9.6 List of Common Signals</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1062"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001270000000000000000">9.7 Niceness of Processes, Scheduling Priority</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1063"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001280000000000000000">9.8 Process CPU/Memory Consumption, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">top</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1064"
  HREF="node12.html#SECTION001290000000000000000">9.9 Environments of Processes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1065"
  HREF="node13.html">10. Mail</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1066"
  HREF="node13.html#SECTION001310000000000000000">10.1 Sending and Reading Mail</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1067"
  HREF="node13.html#SECTION001320000000000000000">10.2 The SMTP Protocol -- Sending Mail Raw to Port <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">25</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1068"
  HREF="node14.html">11. User Accounts and Ownerships</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1069"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001410000000000000000">11.1 File Ownerships</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1070"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001420000000000000000">11.2 The Password File <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/etc/passwd</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1071"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001430000000000000000">11.3 Shadow Password File: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/etc/shadow</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1072"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001440000000000000000">11.4 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">groups</FONT></TT> Command and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/etc/group</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1073"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001450000000000000000">11.5 Manually Creating a User Account</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1074"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001460000000000000000">11.6 Automatically: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">useradd</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">groupadd</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1075"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001470000000000000000">11.7 User Logins</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1076"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001471000000000000000">11.7.1 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">login</FONT></TT> command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1077"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001472000000000000000">11.7.2 The <I>set user</I>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">su</FONT></TT> command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1078"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001473000000000000000">11.7.3 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">who</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">w</FONT></TT>, and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">users</FONT></TT> commands to see who is logged in</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1079"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001474000000000000000">11.7.4 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">id</FONT></TT> command and <I>effective</I> UID</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1080"
  HREF="node14.html#SECTION001475000000000000000">11.7.5 User limits</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1081"
  HREF="node15.html">12. Using Internet Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1082"
  HREF="node15.html#SECTION001510000000000000000">12.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">ssh</FONT></TT>, not <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">telnet</FONT></TT> or <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">rlogin</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1083"
  HREF="node15.html#SECTION001520000000000000000">12.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">rcp</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">scp</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1084"
  HREF="node15.html#SECTION001530000000000000000">12.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">rsh</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1085"
  HREF="node15.html#SECTION001540000000000000000">12.4 FTP</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1086"
  HREF="node15.html#SECTION001550000000000000000">12.5 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">finger</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1087"
  HREF="node15.html#SECTION001560000000000000000">12.6 Sending Files by Email</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1088"
  HREF="node15.html#SECTION001561000000000000000">12.6.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">uuencode</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">uudecode</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1089"
  HREF="node15.html#SECTION001562000000000000000">12.6.2 MIME encapsulation</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1090"
  HREF="node16.html">13. L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Resources</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1091"
  HREF="node16.html#SECTION001610000000000000000">13.1 FTP Sites and the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">sunsite</FONT></TT> Mirror</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1092"
  HREF="node16.html#SECTION001620000000000000000">13.2 HTTP -- Web Sites</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1093"
  HREF="node16.html#SECTION001630000000000000000">13.3 SourceForge</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1094"
  HREF="node16.html#SECTION001640000000000000000">13.4 Mailing Lists</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1095"
  HREF="node16.html#SECTION001641000000000000000">13.4.1 Majordomo and Listserv</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1096"
  HREF="node16.html#SECTION001642000000000000000">13.4.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">*</FONT></TT>-request</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1097"
  HREF="node16.html#SECTION001650000000000000000">13.5 Newsgroups</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1098"
  HREF="node16.html#SECTION001660000000000000000">13.6 RFCs</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1099"
  HREF="node17.html">14. Permission and Modification Times</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1100"
  HREF="node17.html#SECTION001710000000000000000">14.1 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">chmod</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1101"
  HREF="node17.html#SECTION001720000000000000000">14.2 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">umask</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1102"
  HREF="node17.html#SECTION001730000000000000000">14.3 Modification Times: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">stat</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1103"
  HREF="node18.html">15. Symbolic and Hard Links</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1104"
  HREF="node18.html#SECTION001810000000000000000">15.1 Soft Links</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1105"
  HREF="node18.html#SECTION001820000000000000000">15.2 Hard Links</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1106"
  HREF="node19.html">16. Pre-installed Documentation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1107"
  HREF="node20.html">17. Overview of the U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> Directory Layout</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1108"
  HREF="node20.html#SECTION002010000000000000000">17.1 Packages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1109"
  HREF="node20.html#SECTION002020000000000000000">17.2 U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> Directory Superstructure</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1110"
  HREF="node20.html#SECTION002030000000000000000">17.3 L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> on a Single Floppy Disk</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1111"
  HREF="node21.html">18. U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> Devices</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1112"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002110000000000000000">18.1 Device Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1113"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002120000000000000000">18.2 Block and Character Devices</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1114"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002130000000000000000">18.3 <I>Major</I> and <I>Minor</I> Device Numbers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1115"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002140000000000000000">18.4 Common Device Names</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1116"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002150000000000000000">18.5 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">dd</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">tar</FONT></TT>, and Tricks with Block Devices</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1117"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002151000000000000000">18.5.1 Creating boot disks from boot images</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1118"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002152000000000000000">18.5.2 Erasing disks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1119"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002153000000000000000">18.5.3 Identifying data on raw disks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1120"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002154000000000000000">18.5.4 Duplicating a disk</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1121"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002155000000000000000">18.5.5 Backing up to floppies</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1122"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002156000000000000000">18.5.6 Tape backups</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1123"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002157000000000000000">18.5.7 Hiding program output, creating blocks of zeros</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1124"
  HREF="node21.html#SECTION002160000000000000000">18.6 Creating Devices with <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mknod</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/dev/MAKEDEV</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1125"
  HREF="node22.html">19. Partitions, File Systems, Formatting, Mounting</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1126"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002210000000000000000">19.1 The Physical Disk Structure</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1127"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002211000000000000000">19.1.1 Cylinders, heads, and sectors</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1128"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002212000000000000000">19.1.2 Large Block Addressing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1129"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002213000000000000000">19.1.3 Extended partitions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1130"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002220000000000000000">19.2 Partitioning a New Disk</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1131"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002230000000000000000">19.3 Formatting Devices</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1132"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002231000000000000000">19.3.1 File systems</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1133"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002232000000000000000">19.3.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mke2fs</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1134"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002233000000000000000">19.3.3 Formatting floppies and removable drives</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1135"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002234000000000000000">19.3.4 Creating MS-DOS floppies</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1136"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002235000000000000000">19.3.5 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mkswap</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">swapon</FONT></TT>, and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">swapoff</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1137"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002240000000000000000">19.4 Device Mounting</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1138"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002241000000000000000">19.4.1 Mounting CD-ROMs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1139"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002242000000000000000">19.4.2 Mounting floppy disks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1140"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002243000000000000000">19.4.3 Mounting Windows and NT partitions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1141"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002250000000000000000">19.5 File System Repair: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">fsck</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1142"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002260000000000000000">19.6 File System Errors on Boot</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1143"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002270000000000000000">19.7 Automatic Mounts: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">fstab</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1144"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002280000000000000000">19.8 Manually Mounting <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/proc</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1145"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002290000000000000000">19.9 RAM and Loopback Devices</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1146"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002291000000000000000">19.9.1 Formatting a floppy inside a file</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1147"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION002292000000000000000">19.9.2 CD-ROM files</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1148"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION0022100000000000000000">19.10 Remounting</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1149"
  HREF="node22.html#SECTION0022110000000000000000">19.11 Disk <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">sync</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1150"
  HREF="node23.html">20. Advanced Shell Scripting</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1151"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002310000000000000000">20.1 Lists of Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1152"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002320000000000000000">20.2 Special Parameters: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">$?</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">$*</FONT></TT>,...</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1153"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002330000000000000000">20.3 Expansion</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1154"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002340000000000000000">20.4 Built-in Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1155"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002350000000000000000">20.5 Trapping Signals -- the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">trap</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1156"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002360000000000000000">20.6 Internal Settings -- the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">set</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1157"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002370000000000000000">20.7 Useful Scripts and Commands</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1158"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002371000000000000000">20.7.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">chroot</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1159"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002372000000000000000">20.7.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">if</FONT></TT> conditionals</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1160"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002373000000000000000">20.7.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">patch</FONT></TT>ing and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">diff</FONT></TT>ing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1161"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002374000000000000000">20.7.4 Internet connectivity test</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1162"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002375000000000000000">20.7.5 Recursive <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">grep</FONT></TT> (search)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1163"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002376000000000000000">20.7.6 Recursive search and replace</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1164"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002377000000000000000">20.7.7 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">cut</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">awk</FONT></TT> -- manipulating text file fields</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1165"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002378000000000000000">20.7.8 Calculations with <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">bc</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1166"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002379000000000000000">20.7.9 Conversion of graphics formats of many files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1167"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION0023710000000000000000">20.7.10 Securely erasing files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1168"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION0023711000000000000000">20.7.11 Persistent background processes</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1169"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION0023712000000000000000">20.7.12 Processing the process list</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1170"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002380000000000000000">20.8 Shell Initialization</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1171"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002381000000000000000">20.8.1 Customizing the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">PATH</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1172"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002390000000000000000">20.9 File Locking</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1173"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002391000000000000000">20.9.1 Locking a mailbox file</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1174"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002392000000000000000">20.9.2 Locking over NFS</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1175"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002393000000000000000">20.9.3 Directory versus file locking</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1176"
  HREF="node23.html#SECTION002394000000000000000">20.9.4 Locking inside <B>C</B> programs</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1177"
  HREF="node24.html">21. System Services and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">lpd</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1178"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002410000000000000000">21.1 Using <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">lpr</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1179"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002420000000000000000">21.2 Downloading and Installing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1180"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002430000000000000000">21.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">LPRng</FONT></TT> vs. Legacy <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">lpr-0.</FONT></TT><I>nn</I></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1181"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002440000000000000000">21.4 Package Elements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1182"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002441000000000000000">21.4.1 Documentation files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1183"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002442000000000000000">21.4.2 Web pages, mailing lists, and download points</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1184"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002443000000000000000">21.4.3 User programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1185"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002444000000000000000">21.4.4 Daemon and administrator programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1186"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002445000000000000000">21.4.5 Configuration files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1187"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002446000000000000000">21.4.6 Service initialization files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1188"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002447000000000000000">21.4.7 Spool files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1189"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002448000000000000000">21.4.8 Log files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1190"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002449000000000000000">21.4.9 Log file rotation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1191"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION0024410000000000000000">21.4.10 Environment variables</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1192"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002450000000000000000">21.5 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">printcap</FONT></TT> File in Detail</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1193"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002460000000000000000">21.6 PostScript and the Print Filter</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1194"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002470000000000000000">21.7 Access Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1195"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002480000000000000000">21.8 Printing Troubleshooting</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1196"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002490000000000000000">21.9 Useful Programs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1197"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002491000000000000000">21.9.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">printtool</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1198"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002492000000000000000">21.9.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">apsfilter</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1199"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002493000000000000000">21.9.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mpage</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1200"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION002494000000000000000">21.9.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">psutils</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1201"
  HREF="node24.html#SECTION0024100000000000000000">21.10 Printing to Things Besides Printers</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1202"
  HREF="node25.html">22. Trivial Introduction to <B>C</B></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1203"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002510000000000000000">22.1 <B>C</B> Fundamentals</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1204"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002511000000000000000">22.1.1 The simplest <B>C</B> program</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1205"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002512000000000000000">22.1.2 Variables and types</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1206"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002513000000000000000">22.1.3 Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1207"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002514000000000000000">22.1.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">for</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">while</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">if</FONT></TT>, and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">switch</FONT></TT> statements</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1208"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002515000000000000000">22.1.5 Strings, arrays, and memory allocation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1209"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002516000000000000000">22.1.6 String operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1210"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002517000000000000000">22.1.7 File operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1211"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002518000000000000000">22.1.8 Reading command-line arguments inside <B>C</B> programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1212"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002519000000000000000">22.1.9 A more complicated example</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1213"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION0025110000000000000000">22.1.10 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">#include</FONT></TT> statements and prototypes</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1214"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION0025111000000000000000">22.1.11 <B>C</B> comments</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1215"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION0025112000000000000000">22.1.12 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">#define</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">#if</FONT></TT> -- <B>C</B> macros</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1216"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002520000000000000000">22.2 Debugging with <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">gdb</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">strace</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1217"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002521000000000000000">22.2.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">gdb</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1218"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002522000000000000000">22.2.2 Examining <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">core</FONT></TT> files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1219"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002523000000000000000">22.2.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">strace</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1220"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002530000000000000000">22.3 <B>C</B> Libraries</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1221"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002540000000000000000">22.4 <B>C</B> Projects -- <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">Makefile</FONT></TT>s</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1222"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002541000000000000000">22.4.1 Completing our example <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">Makefile</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1223"
  HREF="node25.html#SECTION002542000000000000000">22.4.2 Putting it all together</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1224"
  HREF="node26.html">23. Shared Libraries</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1225"
  HREF="node26.html#SECTION002610000000000000000">23.1 Creating DLL <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">.so</FONT></TT> Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1226"
  HREF="node26.html#SECTION002620000000000000000">23.2 DLL Versioning</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1227"
  HREF="node26.html#SECTION002630000000000000000">23.3 Installing DLL <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">.so</FONT></TT> Files</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1228"
  HREF="node27.html">24. Source and Binary Packages</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1229"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002710000000000000000">24.1 Building GNU Source Packages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1230"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002720000000000000000">24.2 RedHat and Debian Binary Packages</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1231"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002721000000000000000">24.2.1 Package versioning</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1232"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002722000000000000000">24.2.2 Installing, upgrading, and deleting</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1233"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002723000000000000000">24.2.3 Dependencies</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1234"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002724000000000000000">24.2.4 Package queries</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1235"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002725000000000000000">24.2.5 File lists and file queries</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1236"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002726000000000000000">24.2.6 Package verification</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1237"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002727000000000000000">24.2.7 Special queries</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1238"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002728000000000000000">24.2.8 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">dpkg</FONT></TT>/<TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">apt</FONT></TT> versus <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">rpm</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1239"
  HREF="node27.html#SECTION002730000000000000000">24.3 Source Packages</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1240"
  HREF="node28.html">25. Introduction to IP</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1241"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002810000000000000000">25.1 Internet Communication</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1242"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002820000000000000000">25.2 Special IP Addresses</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1243"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002830000000000000000">25.3 Network Masks and Addresses</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1244"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002840000000000000000">25.4 Computers on a LAN</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1245"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002850000000000000000">25.5 Configuring Interfaces</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1246"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002860000000000000000">25.6 Configuring Routing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1247"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002870000000000000000">25.7 Configuring Startup Scripts</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1248"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002871000000000000000">25.7.1 RedHat networking scripts</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1249"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002872000000000000000">25.7.2 Debian networking scripts</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1250"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002880000000000000000">25.8 Complex Routing -- a Many-Hop Example</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1251"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION002890000000000000000">25.9 Interface Aliasing -- Many IPs on One Physical Card</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1252"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION0028100000000000000000">25.10 Diagnostic Utilities</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1253"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION0028101000000000000000">25.10.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">ping</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1254"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION0028102000000000000000">25.10.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">traceroute</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1255"
  HREF="node28.html#SECTION0028103000000000000000">25.10.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">tcpdump</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1256"
  HREF="node29.html">26. TCP and UDP</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1257"
  HREF="node29.html#SECTION002910000000000000000">26.1 The TCP Header</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1258"
  HREF="node29.html#SECTION002920000000000000000">26.2 A Sample TCP Session</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1259"
  HREF="node29.html#SECTION002930000000000000000">26.3 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1260"
  HREF="node29.html#SECTION002940000000000000000">26.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/etc/services</FONT></TT> File</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1261"
  HREF="node29.html#SECTION002950000000000000000">26.5 Encrypting and Forwarding TCP</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1262"
  HREF="node30.html">27. DNS and Name Resolution</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1263"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003010000000000000000">27.1 Top-Level Domains (TLDs)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1264"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003020000000000000000">27.2 Resolving DNS Names to IP Addresses</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1265"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003021000000000000000">27.2.1 The Internet DNS infrastructure</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1266"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003022000000000000000">27.2.2 The name resolution process</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1267"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003030000000000000000">27.3 Configuring Your Local Machine</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1268"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003040000000000000000">27.4 Reverse Lookups</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1269"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003050000000000000000">27.5 <I>Authoritative</I> for a Domain</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1270"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003060000000000000000">27.6 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">host</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">ping</FONT></TT>, and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">whois</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1271"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003070000000000000000">27.7 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">nslookup</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1272"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003071000000000000000">27.7.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">NS</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">MX</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">PTR</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">A</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">CNAME</FONT></TT> records</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1273"
  HREF="node30.html#SECTION003080000000000000000">27.8 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">dig</FONT></TT> Command</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1274"
  HREF="node31.html">28. Network File System, NFS</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1275"
  HREF="node31.html#SECTION003110000000000000000">28.1 Software</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1276"
  HREF="node31.html#SECTION003120000000000000000">28.2 Configuration Example</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1277"
  HREF="node31.html#SECTION003130000000000000000">28.3 Access Permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1278"
  HREF="node31.html#SECTION003140000000000000000">28.4 Security</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1279"
  HREF="node31.html#SECTION003150000000000000000">28.5 Kernel NFS</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1280"
  HREF="node32.html">29. Services Running Under <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">inetd</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1281"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003210000000000000000">29.1 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">inetd</FONT></TT> Package</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1282"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003220000000000000000">29.2 Invoking Services with <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/etc/inetd.conf</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1283"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003221000000000000000">29.2.1 Invoking a standalone service</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1284"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003222000000000000000">29.2.2 Invoking an <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">inetd</FONT></TT> service</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1285"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003223000000000000000">29.2.3 Invoking an <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">inetd</FONT></TT> ``TCP wrapper'' service</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1286"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003224000000000000000">29.2.4 Distribution conventions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1287"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003230000000000000000">29.3 Various Service Explanations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1288"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003240000000000000000">29.4 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">xinetd</FONT></TT> Alternative</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1289"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003250000000000000000">29.5 Configuration Files</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1290"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003251000000000000000">29.5.1 Limiting access</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1291"
  HREF="node32.html#SECTION003260000000000000000">29.6 Security</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1292"
  HREF="node33.html">30. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">exim</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">sendmail</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1293"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003310000000000000000">30.1 Introduction</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1294"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003311000000000000000">30.1.1 How mail works</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1295"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003312000000000000000">30.1.2 Configuring a POP/IMAP server</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1296"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003313000000000000000">30.1.3 Why <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">exim</FONT></TT>?</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1297"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003320000000000000000">30.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">exim</FONT></TT> Package Contents</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1298"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003330000000000000000">30.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">exim</FONT></TT> Configuration File</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1299"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003331000000000000000">30.3.1 Global settings</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1300"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003332000000000000000">30.3.2 Transports</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1301"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003333000000000000000">30.3.3 Directors</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1302"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003334000000000000000">30.3.4 Routers</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1303"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003340000000000000000">30.4 Full-blown Mail server</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1304"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003350000000000000000">30.5 Shell Commands for <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">exim</FONT></TT> Administration</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1305"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003360000000000000000">30.6 The Queue</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1306"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003370000000000000000">30.7 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/etc/aliases</FONT></TT> for Equivalent Addresses</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1307"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003380000000000000000">30.8 Real-Time Blocking List -- Combating Spam</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1308"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003381000000000000000">30.8.1 What is <I>spam</I>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1309"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003382000000000000000">30.8.2 Basic spam prevention</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1310"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003383000000000000000">30.8.3 Real-time blocking list</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1311"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003384000000000000000">30.8.4 Mail administrator and user responsibilities</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1312"
  HREF="node33.html#SECTION003390000000000000000">30.9 Sendmail</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1313"
  HREF="node34.html">31. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">lilo</FONT></TT>, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">initrd</FONT></TT>, and Booting</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1314"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003410000000000000000">31.1 Usage</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1315"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003420000000000000000">31.2 Theory</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1316"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003421000000000000000">31.2.1 Kernel boot sequence</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1317"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003422000000000000000">31.2.2 Master boot record</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1318"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003423000000000000000">31.2.3 Booting partitions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1319"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003424000000000000000">31.2.4 Limitations</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1320"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003430000000000000000">31.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">lilo.conf</FONT></TT> and the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">lilo</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1321"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003440000000000000000">31.4 Creating Boot Floppy Disks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1322"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003450000000000000000">31.5 SCSI Installation Complications and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">initrd</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1323"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003460000000000000000">31.6 Creating an <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">initrd</FONT></TT> Image</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1324"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003470000000000000000">31.7 Modifying <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">lilo.conf</FONT></TT> for <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">initrd</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1325"
  HREF="node34.html#SECTION003480000000000000000">31.8 Using <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mkinitrd</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1326"
  HREF="node35.html">32. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">init</FONT></TT>, <I>?</I><TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">getty</FONT></TT>, and U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> Run Levels</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1327"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003510000000000000000">32.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">init</FONT></TT> -- the First Process</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1328"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003520000000000000000">32.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/etc/inittab</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1329"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003521000000000000000">32.2.1 Minimal configuration</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1330"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003522000000000000000">32.2.2 Rereading <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">inittab</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1331"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003523000000000000000">32.2.3 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">respawning too fast</FONT></TT> error</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1332"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003530000000000000000">32.3 Useful Run Levels</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1333"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003540000000000000000">32.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">getty</FONT></TT> Invocation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1334"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003550000000000000000">32.5 Bootup Summary</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1335"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003560000000000000000">32.6 Incoming Faxes and Modem Logins</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1336"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003561000000000000000">32.6.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mgetty</FONT></TT> with character terminals</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1337"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003562000000000000000">32.6.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mgetty</FONT></TT> log files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1338"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003563000000000000000">32.6.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mgetty</FONT></TT> with modems</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1339"
  HREF="node35.html#SECTION003564000000000000000">32.6.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">mgetty</FONT></TT> receiving faxes</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1340"
  HREF="node36.html">33. Sending Faxes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1341"
  HREF="node36.html#SECTION003610000000000000000">33.1 Fax Through Printing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1342"
  HREF="node36.html#SECTION003620000000000000000">33.2 Setgid Wrapper Binary</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1343"
  HREF="node37.html">34. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">uucp</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">uux</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1344"
  HREF="node37.html#SECTION003710000000000000000">34.1 Command-Line Operation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1345"
  HREF="node37.html#SECTION003720000000000000000">34.2 Configuration</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1346"
  HREF="node37.html#SECTION003721000000000000000"><TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">uucico</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1347"
  HREF="node37.html#SECTION003730000000000000000">34.3 Modem Dial</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1348"
  HREF="node37.html#SECTION003740000000000000000">34.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">tty</FONT></TT>/UUCP Lock Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1349"
  HREF="node37.html#SECTION003750000000000000000">34.5 Debugging <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">uucp</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1350"
  HREF="node37.html#SECTION003760000000000000000">34.6 Using <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">uux</FONT></TT> with <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">exim</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1351"
  HREF="node37.html#SECTION003770000000000000000">34.7 Scheduling Dialouts</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1352"
  HREF="node38.html">35. The L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> File System Standard</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1353"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003810000000000000000">35.1 Introduction</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1354"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003811000000000000000">35.1.1 Purpose</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1355"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003812000000000000000">35.1.2 Conventions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1356"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003820000000000000000">35.2 The Filesystem</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1357"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003830000000000000000">35.3 The Root Filesystem</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1358"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003831000000000000000">35.3.1 Purpose</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1359"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003832000000000000000">35.3.2 Requirements</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1360"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003833000000000000000">35.3.3 Specific Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1361"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003834000000000000000">35.3.4 /bin : Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1362"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003835000000000000000">35.3.5 /boot : Static files of the boot loader</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1363"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003836000000000000000">35.3.6 /dev : Device files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1364"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003837000000000000000">35.3.7 /etc : Host-specific system configuration</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1365"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003838000000000000000">35.3.8 /home : User home directories (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1366"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003839000000000000000">35.3.9 /lib : Essential shared libraries and kernel modules</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1367"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038310000000000000000">35.3.10 /lib&#60;qual&#62; : Alternate format essential shared libraries (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1368"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038311000000000000000">35.3.11 /mnt : Mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1369"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038312000000000000000">35.3.12 /opt : Add-on application software packages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1370"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038313000000000000000">35.3.13 /root : Home directory for the root user (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1371"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038314000000000000000">35.3.14 /sbin : System binaries</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1372"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038315000000000000000">35.3.15 /tmp : Temporary files</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1373"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003840000000000000000">35.4 The /usr Hierarchy</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1374"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003841000000000000000">35.4.1 Purpose</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1375"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003842000000000000000">35.4.2 Requirements</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1376"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003843000000000000000">35.4.3 Specific Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1377"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003844000000000000000">35.4.4 /usr/X11R6 : X Window System, Version 11 Release 6 (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1378"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003845000000000000000">35.4.5 /usr/bin : Most user commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1379"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003846000000000000000">35.4.6 /usr/include : Directory for standard include files.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1380"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003847000000000000000">35.4.7 /usr/lib : Libraries for programming and packages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1381"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003848000000000000000">35.4.8 /usr/lib&#60;qual&#62; : Alternate format libraries (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1382"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003849000000000000000">35.4.9 /usr/local : Local hierarchy</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1383"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038410000000000000000">35.4.10 /usr/sbin : Non-essential standard system binaries</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1384"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038411000000000000000">35.4.11 /usr/share : Architecture-independent data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1385"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038412000000000000000">35.4.12 /usr/src : Source code (optional)</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1386"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003850000000000000000">35.5 The /var Hierarchy</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1387"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003851000000000000000">35.5.1 Purpose</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1388"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003852000000000000000">35.5.2 Requirements</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1389"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003853000000000000000">35.5.3 Specific Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1390"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003854000000000000000">35.5.4 /var/account : Process accounting logs (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1391"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003855000000000000000">35.5.5 /var/cache : Application cache data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1392"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003856000000000000000">35.5.6 /var/crash : System crash dumps (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1393"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003857000000000000000">35.5.7 /var/games : Variable game data (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1394"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003858000000000000000">35.5.8 /var/lib : Variable state information</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1395"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003859000000000000000">35.5.9 /var/lock : Lock files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1396"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038510000000000000000">35.5.10 /var/log : Log files and directories</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1397"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038511000000000000000">35.5.11 /var/mail : User mailbox files (optional)</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1398"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038512000000000000000">35.5.12 /var/opt : Variable data for /opt</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1399"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038513000000000000000">35.5.13 /var/run : Run-time variable data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1400"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038514000000000000000">35.5.14 /var/spool : Application spool data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1401"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038515000000000000000">35.5.15 /var/tmp : Temporary files preserved between system reboots</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1402"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION0038516000000000000000">35.5.16 /var/yp : Network Information Service (NIS) database files (optional)</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1403"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003860000000000000000">35.6 Operating System Specific Annex</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1404"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003861000000000000000">35.6.1 Linux</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1405"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003870000000000000000">35.7 Appendix</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1406"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003871000000000000000">35.7.1 The FHS mailing list</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1407"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003872000000000000000">35.7.2 Background of the FHS</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1408"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003873000000000000000">35.7.3 General Guidelines</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1409"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003874000000000000000">35.7.4 Scope</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1410"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003875000000000000000">35.7.5 Acknowledgments</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1411"
  HREF="node38.html#SECTION003876000000000000000">35.7.6 Contributors</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1412"
  HREF="node39.html">36. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">httpd</FONT></TT> -- Apache Web Server</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1413"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003910000000000000000">36.1 Web Server Basics</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1414"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003920000000000000000">36.2 Installing and Configuring Apache</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1415"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003921000000000000000">36.2.1 Sample <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">httpd.conf</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1416"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003922000000000000000">36.2.2 Common directives</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1417"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003923000000000000000">36.2.3 User HTML directories</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1418"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003924000000000000000">36.2.4 Aliasing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1419"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003925000000000000000">36.2.5 Fancy indexes</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1420"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003926000000000000000">36.2.6 Encoding and language negotiation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1421"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003927000000000000000">36.2.7 Server-side includes -- SSI</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1422"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003928000000000000000">36.2.8 CGI -- Common Gateway Interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1423"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION003929000000000000000">36.2.9 Forms and CGI</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1424"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION0039210000000000000000">36.2.10 Setuid CGIs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1425"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION0039211000000000000000">36.2.11 Apache modules and PHP</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1426"
  HREF="node39.html#SECTION0039212000000000000000">36.2.12 Virtual hosts</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1427"
  HREF="node40.html">37. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">crond</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">atd</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1428"
  HREF="node40.html#SECTION004010000000000000000">37.1 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/etc/crontab</FONT></TT> Configuration File</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1429"
  HREF="node40.html#SECTION004020000000000000000">37.2 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">at</FONT></TT> Command</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1430"
  HREF="node40.html#SECTION004030000000000000000">37.3 Other <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">cron</FONT></TT> Packages</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1431"
  HREF="node41.html">38. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">postgres</FONT></TT> SQL Server</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1432"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004110000000000000000">38.1 Structured Query Language</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1433"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004120000000000000000">38.2 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">postgres</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1434"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004130000000000000000">38.3 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">postgres</FONT></TT> Package Content</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1435"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004140000000000000000">38.4 Installing and Initializing <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">postgres</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1436"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004150000000000000000">38.5 Database Queries with <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">psql</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1437"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004160000000000000000">38.6 Introduction to SQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1438"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004161000000000000000">38.6.1 Creating tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1439"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004162000000000000000">38.6.2 Listing a table</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1440"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004163000000000000000">38.6.3 Adding a column</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1441"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004164000000000000000">38.6.4 Deleting (dropping) a column</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1442"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004165000000000000000">38.6.5 Deleting (dropping) a table</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1443"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004166000000000000000">38.6.6 Inserting rows, ``object relational''</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1444"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004167000000000000000">38.6.7 Locating rows</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1445"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004168000000000000000">38.6.8 Listing selected columns, and the <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">oid</FONT></TT> column</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1446"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004169000000000000000">38.6.9 Creating tables from other tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1447"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION0041610000000000000000">38.6.10 Deleting rows</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1448"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION0041611000000000000000">38.6.11 Searches</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1449"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION0041612000000000000000">38.6.12 Migrating from another database; dumping and restoring tables as plain text</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1450"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION0041613000000000000000">38.6.13 Dumping an entire database</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1451"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION0041614000000000000000">38.6.14 More advanced searches</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1452"
  HREF="node41.html#SECTION004170000000000000000">38.7 Real Database Projects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1453"
  HREF="node42.html">39. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">smbd</FONT></TT> -- Samba NT Server</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1454"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004210000000000000000">39.1 Samba: An Introduction by Christopher R. Hertel</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1455"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004211000000000000000">History -- the (hopefully) Untedious Version</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1456"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004212000000000000000">Meanwhile, on the Other Side of the Planet...</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1457"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004213000000000000000">What Samba Does</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1458"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004214000000000000000">Other Stuff</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1459"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004215000000000000000">SMB Filesystems for Linux</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1460"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004216000000000000000">Setup and Management</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1461"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004217000000000000000">The Present</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1462"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004218000000000000000">The Future</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1463"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004220000000000000000">39.2 Configuring Samba</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1464"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004230000000000000000">39.3 Configuring Windows</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1465"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004240000000000000000">39.4 Configuring a Windows Printer</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1466"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004250000000000000000">39.5 Configuring <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">swat</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1467"
  HREF="node42.html#SECTION004260000000000000000">39.6 Windows NT Caveats</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1468"
  HREF="node43.html">40. <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">named</FONT></TT> -- Domain Name Server</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1469"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004310000000000000000">40.1 Documentation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1470"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004320000000000000000">40.2 Configuring <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">bind</FONT></TT></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1471"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004321000000000000000">40.2.1 Example configuration</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1472"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004322000000000000000">40.2.2 Starting the name server</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1473"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004323000000000000000">40.2.3 Configuration in detail</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1474"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004330000000000000000">40.3 Round-Robin Load-Sharing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1475"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004340000000000000000">40.4 Configuring <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">named</FONT></TT> for Dialup Use</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1476"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004341000000000000000">40.4.1 Example caching name server</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1477"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004342000000000000000">40.4.2 Dynamic IP addresses</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1478"
  HREF="node43.html#SECTION004350000000000000000">40.5 Secondary or Slave DNS Servers</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1479"
  HREF="node44.html">41. Point-to-Point Protocol -- Dialup Networking</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1480"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004410000000000000000">41.1 Basic Dialup</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1481"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004411000000000000000">41.1.1 Determining your <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">chat</FONT></TT> script</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1482"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004412000000000000000">41.1.2 CHAP and PAP</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1483"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004413000000000000000">41.1.3 Running <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">pppd</FONT></TT></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1484"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004420000000000000000">41.2 Demand-Dial, Masquerading</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1485"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004430000000000000000">41.3 Dialup DNS</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1486"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004440000000000000000">41.4 Dial-in Servers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1487"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004450000000000000000">41.5 Using <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">tcpdump</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1488"
  HREF="node44.html#SECTION004460000000000000000">41.6 ISDN Instead of Modems</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1489"
  HREF="node45.html">42. The L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Kernel Source, Modules, and Hardware Support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1490"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004510000000000000000">42.1 Kernel Constitution</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1491"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004520000000000000000">42.2 Kernel Version Numbers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1492"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004530000000000000000">42.3 Modules, <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">insmod</FONT></TT> Command, and Siblings</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1493"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004540000000000000000">42.4 Interrupts, I/O Ports, and DMA Channels</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1494"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004550000000000000000">42.5 Module Options and Device Configuration</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1495"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004551000000000000000">42.5.1 Five ways to pass options to a module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1496"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004552000000000000000">42.5.2 Module documentation sources</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1497"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004560000000000000000">42.6 Configuring Various Devices</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1498"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004561000000000000000">42.6.1 Sound and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">pnpdump</FONT></TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1499"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004562000000000000000">42.6.2 Parallel port</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1500"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004563000000000000000">42.6.3 NIC -- Ethernet, PCI, and old ISA</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1501"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004564000000000000000">42.6.4 PCI vendor ID and device ID</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1502"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004565000000000000000">42.6.5 PCI and sound</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1503"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004566000000000000000">42.6.6 Commercial sound drivers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1504"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004567000000000000000">42.6.7 The ALSA sound project</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1505"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004568000000000000000">42.6.8 Multiple Ethernet cards</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1506"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004569000000000000000">42.6.9 SCSI disks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1507"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION0045610000000000000000">42.6.10 SCSI termination and cooling</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1508"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION0045611000000000000000">42.6.11 CD writers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1509"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION0045612000000000000000">42.6.12 Serial devices</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1510"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004570000000000000000">42.7 Modem Cards</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1511"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004580000000000000000">42.8 More on <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">LILO:</FONT></TT> Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1512"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004590000000000000000">42.9 Building the Kernel</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1513"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004591000000000000000">42.9.1 Unpacking and patching</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1514"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION004592000000000000000">42.9.2 Configuring</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1515"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION0045100000000000000000">42.10 Using Packaged Kernel Source</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1516"
  HREF="node45.html#SECTION0045110000000000000000">42.11 Building, Installing</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1517"
  HREF="node46.html">43. The X Window System</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1518"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004610000000000000000">43.1 The X Protocol</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1519"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004620000000000000000">43.2 Widget Libraries and Desktops</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1520"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004621000000000000000">43.2.1 Background</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1521"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004622000000000000000">43.2.2 Qt</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1522"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004623000000000000000">43.2.3 Gtk</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1523"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004624000000000000000">43.2.4 GNUStep</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1524"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004630000000000000000">43.3 XFree86</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1525"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004631000000000000000">43.3.1 Running X and key conventions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1526"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004632000000000000000">43.3.2 Running X utilities</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1527"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004633000000000000000">43.3.3 Running two X sessions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1528"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004634000000000000000">43.3.4 Running a window manager</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1529"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004635000000000000000">43.3.5 X access control and remote display</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1530"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004636000000000000000">43.3.6 X selections, cutting, and pasting</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1531"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004640000000000000000">43.4 The X Distribution</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1532"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004650000000000000000">43.5 X Documentation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1533"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004651000000000000000">43.5.1 Programming</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1534"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004652000000000000000">43.5.2 Configuration documentation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1535"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004653000000000000000">43.5.3 XFree86 web site</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1536"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004660000000000000000">43.6 X Configuration</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1537"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004661000000000000000">43.6.1 Simple 16-color X server</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1538"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004662000000000000000">43.6.2 Plug-and-Play operation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1539"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004663000000000000000">43.6.3 Proper X configuration</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1540"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004670000000000000000">43.7 Visuals</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1541"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004680000000000000000">43.8 The <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">startx</FONT></TT> and <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">xinit</FONT></TT> Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1542"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION004690000000000000000">43.9 Login Screen</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1543"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION0046100000000000000000">43.10 X Font Naming Conventions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1544"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION0046110000000000000000">43.11 Font Configuration</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1545"
  HREF="node46.html#SECTION0046120000000000000000">43.12 The Font Server</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1546"
  HREF="node47.html">44. U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> Security</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1547"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004710000000000000000">44.1 Common Attacks</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1548"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004711000000000000000">44.1.1 Buffer overflow attacks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1549"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004712000000000000000">44.1.2 Setuid programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1550"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004713000000000000000">44.1.3 Network client programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1551"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004714000000000000000">44.1.4 <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">/tmp</FONT></TT> file vulnerability</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1552"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004715000000000000000">44.1.5 Permission problems</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1553"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004716000000000000000">44.1.6 Environment variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1554"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004717000000000000000">44.1.7 Password sniffing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1555"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004718000000000000000">44.1.8 Password cracking</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1556"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004719000000000000000">44.1.9 Denial of service attacks</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1557"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004720000000000000000">44.2 Other Types of Attack</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1558"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004730000000000000000">44.3 Counter Measures</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1559"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004731000000000000000">44.3.1 Removing known risks: outdated packages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1560"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004732000000000000000">44.3.2 Removing known risks: compromised packages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1561"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004733000000000000000">44.3.3 Removing known risks: permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1562"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004734000000000000000">44.3.4 Password management</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1563"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004735000000000000000">44.3.5 Disabling inherently insecure services</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1564"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004736000000000000000">44.3.6 Removing potential risks: network</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1565"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004737000000000000000">44.3.7 Removing potential risks: setuid programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1566"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004738000000000000000">44.3.8 Making life difficult</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1567"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004739000000000000000">44.3.9 Custom security paradigms</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1568"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION0047310000000000000000">44.3.10 Proactive cunning</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1569"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004740000000000000000">44.4 Important Reading</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1570"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004750000000000000000">44.5 Security Quick-Quiz</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1571"
  HREF="node47.html#SECTION004760000000000000000">44.6 Security Auditing</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1572"
  HREF="node48.html">A. Lecture Schedule</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1573"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004810000000000000000">A.1 Hardware Requirements</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1574"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004820000000000000000">A.2 Student Selection</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1575"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004830000000000000000">A.3 Lecture Style</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1576"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004840000000000000000">Lesson 1</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1577"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004850000000000000000">Lesson 2</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1578"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004860000000000000000">Lesson 3</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1579"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004870000000000000000">Lesson 4</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1580"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004880000000000000000">Lesson 5</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1581"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION004890000000000000000">Lesson 6</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1582"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION0048100000000000000000">Lesson 7</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1583"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION0048110000000000000000">Lesson 8</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1584"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION0048120000000000000000">Lesson 9</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1585"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION0048130000000000000000">Lesson 10</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1586"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION0048140000000000000000">Lesson 11</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1587"
  HREF="node48.html#SECTION0048150000000000000000">Lesson 12</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1588"
  HREF="node49.html">B. LPI Certification Cross-Reference</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1589"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004910000000000000000">B.1 Exam Details for 101</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1590"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004920000000000000000">General L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>, part I</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1591"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004921000000000000000">Topic 1.3: GNU and U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1592"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004922000000000000000">Topic 2.4: Devices, L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> File Systems,
<BR>
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1593"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004923000000000000000">Topic 2.6: Boot, Initialization, Shutdown, Run Levels</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1594"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004924000000000000000">Topic 1.8: Documentation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1595"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004925000000000000000">Topic 2.11: Administrative Tasks</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1596"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004930000000000000000">B.2 Exam Details for 102</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1597"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004940000000000000000">General L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>, part II</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1598"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004941000000000000000">Topic 1.1: Hardware and Architecture</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1599"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004942000000000000000">Topic 2.2: L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Installation and Package Management</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1600"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004943000000000000000">Topic 1.5: Kernel</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1601"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004944000000000000000">Topic 1.7: Text Editing, Processing, Printing</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1602"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004945000000000000000">Topic 1.9: Shells, Scripting, Programming, Compiling</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1603"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004946000000000000000">Topic 2.10: X</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1604"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004947000000000000000">Topic 1.12: Networking Fundamentals</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1605"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004948000000000000000">Topic 1.13: Networking Services</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1606"
  HREF="node49.html#SECTION004949000000000000000">Topic 1.14: Security</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1607"
  HREF="node50.html">C. RHCE Certification Cross-Reference</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1608"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005010000000000000000">C.1 RH020, RH030, RH033, RH120, RH130, and RH133</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1609"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005020000000000000000">C.2 RH300</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1610"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005021000000000000000">Unit 1: Hardware selection and RedHat installation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1611"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005022000000000000000">Unit 2: Configuring and administration</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1612"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005023000000000000000">Unit 3: Alternative installation methods</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1613"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005024000000000000000">Unit 4: Kernel</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1614"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005025000000000000000">Unit 5: Basic network services</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1615"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005026000000000000000">Unit 6: X Window System</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1616"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005027000000000000000">Unit 7: Security</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1617"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005028000000000000000">Unit 8: Firewalling, routing and clustering, troubleshooting</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1618"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005030000000000000000">C.3 RH220 (RH253 Part 1)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1619"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005031000000000000000">Unit 1: DNS</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1620"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005032000000000000000">Unit 2: Samba</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1621"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005033000000000000000">Unit 3: NIS</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1622"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005034000000000000000">Unit 4: Sendmail and procmail</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1623"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005035000000000000000">Unit 5: Apache</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1624"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005036000000000000000">Unit 6: <TT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000ff">pppd</FONT></TT> and DHCP</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1625"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005040000000000000000">C.4 RH250 (RH253 Part 2)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1626"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005041000000000000000">Unit 1: Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1627"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005042000000000000000">Unit 2: Local user security</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1628"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005043000000000000000">Unit 3: Files and file system security</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1629"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005044000000000000000">Unit 4: Password security and encryption</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1630"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005045000000000000000">Unit 5: Process security and monitoring</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1631"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005046000000000000000">Unit 6: Building firewalls</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1632"
  HREF="node50.html#SECTION005047000000000000000">Unit 7: Security tools</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1633"
  HREF="node51.html">D. L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Advocacy FAQ</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1634"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005110000000000000000">D.1 L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Overview</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1635"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005111000000000000000">What is L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1636"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005112000000000000000">What are U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> systems used for? What can L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> do?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1637"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005113000000000000000">What other platforms does L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> run on including the PC?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1638"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005114000000000000000">What is meant by GNU/L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> as opposed to L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1639"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005115000000000000000">What web pages should I look at?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1640"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005116000000000000000">What are Debian, RedHat, Caldera, SuSE? Explain the different L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> distributions.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1641"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005117000000000000000">Who developed L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1642"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005118000000000000000">Why should I not use L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1643"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005120000000000000000">D.2 L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>, GNU, and Licensing</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1644"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005121000000000000000">What is L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>'s license?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1645"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005122000000000000000">What is GNU?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1646"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005123000000000000000">Why is GNU software better than proprietary software?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1647"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005124000000000000000">Explain the restrictions of L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>'s ``free''GNU
<BR>
General Public License.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1648"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005125000000000000000">If L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> is free, where do companies have the right to make money from selling CDs?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1649"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005126000000000000000">What if Linus Torvalds decided to change the copyright on the kernel? Could he sell out to a company?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1650"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005127000000000000000">What if Linus Torvalds stopped supporting L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>? What if kernel development split?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1651"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005128000000000000000">What is Open Source vs. Free vs. Shareware?</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1652"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005130000000000000000">D.3 L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Distributions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1653"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005131000000000000000">If everyone is constantly modifying the source, isn't this bad for the consumer? How is the user protected from bogus software?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1654"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005132000000000000000">There are so many different L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> versions -- is this not confusion and incompatibility?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1655"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005133000000000000000">Will a program from one L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Distribution run on another?
<BR>
How compatible are the different distributions?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1656"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005134000000000000000">What is the best distribution to use?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1657"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005135000000000000000">Where do I get L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1658"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005136000000000000000">How do I install L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1659"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005140000000000000000">D.4 L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1660"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005141000000000000000">Where does a person get L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> support? My purchased software is supported; how does L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> compete?</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1661"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005150000000000000000">D.5 L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> Compared to Other Systems</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1662"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005151000000000000000">What is the most popular U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> in the world?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1663"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005152000000000000000">How many L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> systems are there out there?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1664"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005153000000000000000">What is the total cost of installing and running L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> compared to a proprietary non-U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> system?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1665"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005154000000000000000">What is the total cost of installing and running a L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> system compared to a proprietary U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> system?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1666"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005155000000000000000">How does L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> compare to other operating systems in performance?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1667"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005156000000000000000">What about SMP and a journalling file system? Is L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> enterprise-ready?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1668"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005157000000000000000">Does L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> only support 2 Gigs of memory and 128 Meg of swap?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1669"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005158000000000000000">Isn't U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> antiquated? Isn't its security model outdated?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1670"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005159000000000000000">How does FreeBSD compare to L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1671"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005160000000000000000">D.6 Migrating to L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1672"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005161000000000000000">What are the principal issues when migrating to L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> from a non-U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> system?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1673"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005162000000000000000">What are the principal issues when migrating to L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> from another U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> system?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1674"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005163000000000000000">How should a supervisor proceed after making the decision to migrate to L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1675"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005170000000000000000">D.7 Technical</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1676"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005171000000000000000">Are L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> CDs readable from Windows?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1677"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005172000000000000000">Can I run L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> and Windows on the same machine?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1678"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005173000000000000000">How much space do I need to install L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1679"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005174000000000000000">What are the hardware requirements?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1680"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005175000000000000000">What hardware is supported? Will my sound/graphics/network card work?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1681"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005176000000000000000">Can I view my Windows, OS/2, and MS-DOS files under L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1682"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005177000000000000000">Can I run DOS programs under L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1683"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005178000000000000000">Can I recompile Windows programs under L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1684"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION005179000000000000000">Can I run Windows programs under L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL>?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1685"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION0051710000000000000000">I have heard that L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> does not suffer from virus attacks. Is it true that there is no threat of viruses with U<SMALL>NIX</SMALL> systems?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1686"
  HREF="node51.html#SECTION0051711000000000000000">Is L<SMALL>INUX</SMALL> as secure as other servers?</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1687"
  HREF="node52.html">E. The GNU General Public License Version 2</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1688"
  HREF="node53.html">About this document ...</A>
</UL>
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