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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter1.How to Install and Test SAMBA</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="introduction.html" title="PartI.General Installation"><link rel="prev" href="introduction.html" title="PartI.General Installation"><link rel="next" href="FastStart.html" title="Chapter2.Fast Start: Cure for Impatience"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter1.How to Install and Test SAMBA</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="introduction.html">Prev</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PartI.General Installation</th><td width="20%" align="right"><a accesskey="n" href="FastStart.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="install"></a>Chapter1.How to Install and Test SAMBA</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Andrew</span> <span class="surname">Tridgell</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:tridge@samba.org">tridge@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jelmer</span> <span class="othername">R.</span> <span class="surname">Vernooij</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">The Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jelmer@samba.org">jelmer@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Karl</span> <span class="surname">Auer</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:kauer@biplane.com.au">kauer@biplane.com.au</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dan</span> <span class="surname">Shearer</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:dan@samba.org">dan@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2527748">Obtaining and Installing Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2527780">Configuring Samba (smb.conf)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2527812">Configuration file syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2527994">Starting Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2528164">Example Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2528517">SWAT</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2528575">List Shares Available on the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2528630">Connect with a UNIX Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2528730">Connect from a Remote SMB Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2528807">What If Things Don't Work?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2528838">Common Errors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2528848">Large Number of smbd Processes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2528942">Error Message: open_oplock_ipc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2528975">“<span class="quote"><span class="emphasis"><em><span class="errorname">The network name cannot be found</span></em></span></span>”</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2527748"></a>Obtaining and Installing Samba</h2></div></div></div><p>
Binary packages of Samba are included in almost any Linux or
UNIX distribution. There are also some packages available at
<a href="http://samba.org/" target="_top">the Samba home-page</a>. Refer to
the manual of your operating system for details on installing packages
for your specific operating system.
</p><p>If you need to compile Samba from source, check
<a href="compiling.html" title="Chapter38.How to Compile Samba">How to compile Samba</a> chapter.</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2527780"></a>Configuring Samba (smb.conf)</h2></div></div></div><p>
Samba's configuration is stored in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file, which
usually resides in <tt class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</tt>
or <tt class="filename">/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</tt>. You can either
edit this file yourself or do it using one of the many graphical
tools that are available, such as the Web-based interface SWAT, that
is included with Samba.
</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2527812"></a>Configuration file syntax</h3></div></div></div><p>The <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file uses the same syntax as the various old
.ini files in Windows 3.1: Each file consists of various sections,
which are started by putting the section name between brackets ([])
on a new line. Each contains zero or more key/value-pairs separated by an
equality sign (=). The file is just a plain-text file, so you can
open and edit it with your favorite editing tool.</p><p>Each section in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file represents a share
on the Samba server. The section “<span class="quote"><span class="emphasis"><em>global</em></span></span>” is special, since it
contains settings that apply to the whole Samba server and not
to one share in particular.</p><p><a href="install.html#smbconfminimal" title="Example1.1.A minimal smb.conf">Following example</a> contains a very minimal <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>.
<a class="indexterm" name="id2527866"></a>
</p><div class="example"><a name="smbconfminimal"></a><p class="title"><b>Example1.1.A minimal smb.conf</b></p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2527896"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>
workgroup = WKG</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2527913"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>
netbios name = MYNAME</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[share1]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2527938"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>
path = /tmp</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[share2]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2527962"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>
path = /my_shared_folder</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2527977"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>
comment = Some random files</tt></i></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2527994"></a>Starting Samba</h3></div></div></div><p>
Samba essentially consists of two or three daemons. A daemon is a UNIX application that runs in the background and provides services.
An example of a service is the Apache Web server for which the daemon is called <span><b class="command">httpd</b></span>. In the case of Samba there
are three daemons, two of which are needed as a minimum.
</p><p>
The Samba server is made up of the following daemons:
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">nmbd</span></dt><dd><p>
<a class="indexterm" name="id2528028"></a>
<a class="indexterm" name="id2528038"></a>
This daemon handles all name registration and resolution requests. It is the primary vehicle involved
in network browsing. It handles all UDP based protocols. The <span><b class="command">nmbd</b></span> daemon should
be the first command started as part of the Samba start-up process.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">smbd</span></dt><dd><p>
<a class="indexterm" name="id2528067"></a>
<a class="indexterm" name="id2528074"></a>
This daemon handles all TCP/IP based connection services for file and print based operations. It also
manages local authentication. It should be started immediately following the start-up of <span><b class="command">nmbd</b></span>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">winbindd</span></dt><dd><p>
<a class="indexterm" name="id2528102"></a>
<a class="indexterm" name="id2528109"></a>
This daemon should be started when Samba is a member of a Windows NT4 or ADS Domain. It is also needed when
Samba has trust relationships with another Domain. The <span><b class="command">winbindd</b></span> daemon will check the
<tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file for the presence of the <i class="parameter"><tt>idmap uid</tt></i> and <i class="parameter"><tt>idmap gid</tt></i>
parameters. If they are not found <span><b class="command">winbindd</b></span> will bail-out and refuse to start.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
When Samba has been packaged by an operating system vendor the start-up process is typically a custom feature of its
integration into the platform as a whole. Please refer to your operating system platform administration manuals for
specific information pertaining to correct management of Samba start-up.
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2528164"></a>Example Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>
There are sample configuration files in the examples subdirectory in the
distribution. It is suggested you read them carefully so you can see how the options
go together in practice. See the man page for all the options.
It might be worthwhile to start out with the smb.conf.default
configuration file and adapt it to your needs. It contains plenty of
comments.
</p><p>
The simplest useful configuration file would contain something like shown in
<a href="install.html#simple-example" title="Example1.2.Another simple smb.conf File">the next example</a>.
</p><p>
<a class="indexterm" name="id2463674"></a>
</p><div class="example"><a name="simple-example"></a><p class="title"><b>Example1.2.Another simple smb.conf File</b></p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2463703"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>
workgroup = MIDEARTH</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[homes]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2463727"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>
guest ok = no</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2463743"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>
read only = no</tt></i></td></tr></table></div><p>
</p><p>
This will allow connections by anyone with an account on the server, using either
their login name or <i class="parameter"><tt>homes</tt></i> as the service name.
(Note: The workgroup that Samba should appear in must also be set. The default
workgroup name is WORKGROUP.)
</p><p>
Make sure you put the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file in the correct place.
</p><p>
For more information about security settings for the
<i class="parameter"><tt>[homes]</tt></i> share please refer to
<a href="securing-samba.html" title="Chapter16.Securing Samba">Securing Samba</a> chapter.
</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2528458"></a>Test Your Config File with <span><b class="command">testparm</b></span></h4></div></div></div><p>
It's important to validate the contents of the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file using the <span class="application">testparm</span> program.
If testparm runs correctly, it will list the loaded services. If not, it will give an error message.
Make sure it runs correctly and that the services look reasonable before proceeding. Enter the command:
</p><pre class="screen">
<tt class="prompt">root# </tt> testparm /etc/samba/smb.conf
</pre><p>Testparm will parse your configuration file and report
any unknown parameters or incorrect syntax. </p><p>
Always run testparm again whenever the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file is changed!
</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2528517"></a>SWAT</h3></div></div></div><p>
<a class="indexterm" name="id2528525"></a>
SWAT is a Web-based interface that can be used to facilitate the configuration of Samba.
SWAT might not be available in the Samba package that shipped with your platform,
but in a separate package. Please read the SWAT man page
on compiling, installing and configuring SWAT from source.
</p><p>
To launch SWAT, just run your favorite Web browser and point it to
<a href="http://localhost:901/" target="_top">http://localhost:901/</a>.
Replace <i class="replaceable"><tt>localhost</tt></i> with the name of the computer on which
Samba is running if that is a different computer than your browser.
</p><p>
SWAT can be used from a browser on any IP-connected machine, but be aware that connecting from a remote
machine leaves your connection open to password sniffing as passwords will be sent over the wire in the clear.
</p><p>More information about SWAT can be found in <a href="SWAT.html" title="Chapter34.SWAT The Samba Web Administration Tool">corresponding chapter</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2528575"></a>List Shares Available on the Server</h2></div></div></div><p>
To list shares that are available from the configured Samba server execute the
following command:
</p><pre class="screen">
<tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>smbclient -L <i class="replaceable"><tt>yourhostname</tt></i></tt></b>
</pre><p>You should see a list of shares available on your server. If you do not, then
something is incorrectly configured. This method can also be used to see what shares
are available on other SMB servers, such as Windows 2000.</p><p>If you choose user-level security you may find that Samba requests a password
before it will list the shares. See the <span><b class="command">smbclient</b></span> man page for details.
You can force it to list the shares without a password by adding the option
<tt class="option">-N</tt> to the command line. </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2528630"></a>Connect with a UNIX Client</h2></div></div></div><p>
Enter the following command:
</p><pre class="screen">
<tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>smbclient <i class="replaceable"><tt> //yourhostname/aservice</tt></i></tt></b>
</pre><p>Typically <i class="replaceable"><tt>yourhostname</tt></i> is the name of the host on which <span class="application">smbd</span>
has been installed. The <i class="replaceable"><tt>aservice</tt></i> is any service that has been defined in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>
file. Try your user name if you just have a <i class="parameter"><tt>[homes]</tt></i> section in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file.</p><p>Example: If the UNIX host is called <i class="replaceable"><tt>bambi</tt></i> and a valid login name
is <i class="replaceable"><tt>fred</tt></i>, you would type:</p><pre class="screen">
<tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>smbclient //<i class="replaceable"><tt>bambi</tt></i>/<i class="replaceable"><tt>fred</tt></i></tt></b>
</pre></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2528730"></a>Connect from a Remote SMB Client</h2></div></div></div><p>Now that Samba is working correctly locally, you can try to
access it from other clients. Within a few minutes, the Samba host
should be listed in the Network Neighborhood on all Windows
clients of its subnet. Try browsing the server from another client
or 'mounting' it.</p><p>Mounting disks from a DOS, Windows or OS/2 client can be done by running a command such as:</p><pre class="screen">
<tt class="prompt">C:\> </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>net use d: \\servername\service</tt></b>
</pre><p>Try printing, e.g.</p><p>
</p><pre class="screen">
<tt class="prompt">C:\> </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>net use lpt1: \\servername\spoolservice</tt></b>
</pre><p>
</p><pre class="screen"><tt class="prompt">C:\> </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>print filename</tt></b>
</pre></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2528807"></a>What If Things Don't Work?</h2></div></div></div><p>You might want to read <a href="diagnosis.html" title="Chapter35.The Samba Checklist">The Samba Checklist</a>.
If you are still stuck, refer to <a href="problems.html" title="Chapter36.Analyzing and Solving Samba Problems">Analyzing and Solving Samba Problems</a> chapter.
Samba has been successfully installed at thousands of sites worldwide.
It is unlikely that your particular problem is unique, so it might be
productive to perform an Internet search to see if someone else has encountered
your problem and has found a way to overcome it.</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2528838"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div></div><p>
The following questions and issues are raised repeatedly on the Samba mailing list.
</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2528848"></a>Large Number of smbd Processes</h3></div></div></div><p>
Samba consists of three core programs: <span class="application">nmbd</span>, <span class="application">smbd</span>, and <span class="application">winbindd</span>. <span class="application">nmbd</span> is the name server message daemon,
<span class="application">smbd</span> is the server message daemon, and <span class="application">winbindd</span> is the daemon that handles communication with Domain Controllers.
</p><p>
If Samba is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> running as a WINS server, then there will be one single instance of
<span class="application">nmbd</span> running on your system. If it is running as a WINS server then there will be
two instances one to handle the WINS requests.
</p><p>
<span class="application">smbd</span> handles all connection requests. It spawns a new process for each client
connection made. That is why you may see so many of them, one per client connection.
</p><p>
<span class="application">winbindd</span> will run as one or two daemons, depending on whether or not it is being
run in <span class="emphasis"><em>split mode</em></span> (in which case there will be two instances).
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2528942"></a>Error Message: open_oplock_ipc</h3></div></div></div><p>An error message is observed in the log files when <span class="application">smbd</span> is started: “<span class="quote"><span class="emphasis"><em>open_oplock_ipc: Failed to get local UDP socket
for address 100007f. Error was Cannot assign requested.</em></span></span>”</p><p>Your loopback device isn't working correctly. Make sure it is configured correctly. The loopback
device is an internal (virtual) network device with the IP address <span class="emphasis"><em>127.0.0.1</em></span>.
Read your OS documentation for details on how to configure the loopback on your system.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2528975"></a>“<span class="quote"><span class="emphasis"><em><span class="errorname">The network name cannot be found</span></em></span></span>”</h3></div></div></div><p>
This error can be caused by one of these mis-configurations:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>You specified an non-existing path
for the share in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>.</p></li><li><p>The user you are trying to access the share with does not
have sufficient permissions to access the path for
the share. Both read (r) and access (x) should be possible.</p></li><li><p>The share you are trying to access does not exist.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="introduction.html">Prev</a></td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="introduction.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"><a accesskey="n" href="FastStart.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">PartI.General Installation</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">Chapter2.Fast Start: Cure for Impatience</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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