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<title>Regions</title>
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<h3><img alt="" src="../sun.gif" width="100" align="middle"
height="98"> Regions</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>Regions provide a means for marking particular areas of an
image for further analysis. Regions may also be used for
presentation purposes. DS9 supports a number of region
descriptions, each of which may be edited, moved, rotated,
displayed, saved and loaded, via the GUI and XPA.</p>
<a href="#RegionDescriptions">Region Descriptions</a><br>
<a href="#RegionProperties">Region Properties</a><br>
<a href="#RegionFileFormat">Region File Format</a><br>
<a href="#CompositeRegion">Composite Region</a><br>
<a href="#TemplateRegion">Template Region</a><br>
<a href="#ExternalRegionFiles">External Region Files</a><br>
<p><b> <a name="RegionDescriptions"></a>Region Descriptions</b></p>
<p><tt>Circle<br>
Usage: circle x y radius<br>
</tt></p>
<p><tt>Ellipse<br>
Usage: ellipse x y radius radius angle<br>
</tt></p>
<p><tt>Box <br>
Usage: box x y width height angle<br>
</tt></p>
<p><tt>Polygon <br>
Usage: polygon x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 ...<br>
</tt></p>
<p><tt>Point <br>
Usage: point x y #
point=[circle|box|diamond|cross|x|arrow|boxcircle] [size]<br>
circle point x y </tt></p>
<p><tt>Line <br>
Usage: line x1 y1 x2 y2 # line=[0|1] [0|1] </tt></p>
<p><tt>Vector <br>
Usage: vector x1 y1 length angle # vector=[0|1] </tt></p>
<p><tt>Text <br>
Usage: text x y # text={Your Text Here}<br>
text x y {Your Text Here}
</tt></p>
<p><tt>Ruler <br>
Usage: ruler x1 y1 x2 y2 #
ruler=[pixels|degrees|arcmin|arcsec]</tt></p>
<p><tt>Compass <br>
Usage: compass x1 y1 length # compass=<coordinate
system> <north label> <east label> [0|1] [0|1]
</tt></p>
<p><tt>Projection <br>
Usage: projection x1 y1 x2 y2 width</tt></p>
<p><tt>Annulus <br>
Usage: annulus x y inner outer n=# <br>
annulus x y r1 r2 r3... </tt></p>
<p><tt>Ellipse Annulus <br>
Usage: ellipse x y r11 r12 r21 r22 n=# [angle]<br>
ellipse x y r11 r12 r21
r22 r31 r32 ... [angle] </tt></p>
<p><tt>Box Annulus <br>
Usage: box x y w1 h1 w2 h2 [angle] <br>
box x y w1 h1 w2 h2 w3 h3
... [angle] </tt></p>
<p><tt>Panda <br>
Usage: panda x y startangle stopangle nangle inner outer
nradius</tt></p>
<p><tt>Epanda <br>
Usage: epanda x y startangle stopangle nangle inner outer
nradius [angle]</tt></p>
<p><tt>Bpanda <br>
Usage: bpanda x y startangle stopangle nangle inner outer
nradius [angle]</tt></p>
<p><tt>Composite<br>
Usage: # composite x y angle</tt></p>
<p><b> <a name="RegionProperties"></a>Region Properties</b></p>
<p>Each region has a number of properties associated with the
region, which indicates how the region is to be rendered or
manipulated. Properties are defined for a region in the comment
section of the region description. The exception is the
Include/Exclude property. It is set via '+' or '-' preceding the
region. In addition, the Line, Point, and Ruler regions have
unique properties, not shared by others. Not all properties are
available via the GUI or are applicable for all regions. </p>
<blockquote>
<p><b> Text</b></p>
<p>All regions may have text associated with them. Use the text
property to set the text. Strings may be quoted with " or ' or
{}. For best results, use {}. </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # text = {This message has both
a " and ' in it}</tt>
<p><b> Color</b></p>
<p>The color property specifies the color of the region when
rendered. The follow 8 colors are supported: </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # color = green</tt><br>
<p><b>Dash List</b></p>
<p>Sets dashed line parameters. This does not render the region
in dashed lines.</p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # dashlist = 8 3</tt><br>
<p><b>Width</b></p>
<p>Sets the line width used to render the region.</p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # width = 2</tt><br>
<p><b>Font</b></p>
<p>The font property specifies the font family, size, weight,
and slant of any text to be displayed along with the region. </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # font="times 12 bold italic"</tt>
<p><b> Can Select</b></p>
<p>The Select property specifies if the user is allowed to
select (hence, edit) the region via the GUI. For Regions used
for catalogs and such, it is desirable that the user is unable
to edit, move, or delete the region.<br>
</p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # select = 1</tt><br>
<p><b>Can Highlite</b></p>
The Highlite property specifies if the edit handles become
visible when the region is selected.<br>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # hightlite = 1</tt><br>
<p><b>Dash</b></p>
<p>Render region using dashed lines using current <tt>dashlist</tt>
value.</p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # dash = 1</tt><br>
<p><b>Fixed in Size</b></p>
<p>The Fixed in Size property specifies that the region does not
change in size as the image magnification factor changes. This
allows the user to build complex pointer type regions. </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # fixed = 1</tt>
<p><b> Can Edit</b></p>
<p>The Edit property specifies if the user is allowed to edit
the region via the GUI. </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # edit = 1</tt>
<p><b> Can Move</b></p>
<p>The Move property specifies if the user is allowed to move
the region via the GUI. </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # move = 1</tt>
<p><b> Can Rotate</b></p>
<p>The Rotate property specifies if the user is allowed to
rotate the region via the GUI. </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # rotate = 1</tt>
<p><b> Can Delete</b></p>
<p>The Delete property specifies if the user is allowed to
delete the region via the GUI. </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # delete = 1</tt>
<p><b> Include/Exclude</b></p>
<p>The Include/Exclude properties flags the region with a
boolean <tt>NOT </tt>for later analysis. Use '+' for include
(default), '-' for exclude. </p>
<tt>Example: -circle(100,100,20)<br>
</tt>
<p><b>Source/Background</b></p>
<p>The Source/Background properties flag the region for use with
other analysis applications. The default is <tt>source</tt></p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # source<br>
circle(200,200,10)
# background</tt><br>
<p><b>Tag</b></p>
<p>All regions may have zero or more tags associated with it,
which may be used for grouping and searching. </p>
<tt>Example: circle(100,100,20) # tag = {Group 1} tag =
{Group 2}</tt>
<p><b> Line</b></p>
<p>The line region may be rendered with arrows, one at each end.
To indicate arrows, use the line property. A '1' indicates an
arrow, '0' indicates no arrow. </p>
<tt>Example: line(100,100,200,200) # line= 1 1</tt>
<p><b> Ruler</b></p>
<p>The ruler region may display information in 'pixels',
'degrees', 'arcmin', or 'arcsec'. Use the ruler property to
indicate which format to display distances in. </p>
<tt>Example: ruler(100,100,200,200) # ruler=arcmin</tt>
<p><b> Point</b></p>
<p>Point regions have an associated type and size. Use the point
property to set the point type. </p>
<tt>Example: point(100,100) # point=diamond 31</tt>
<p><b> Default Properties</b></p>
<p>The default properties are: </p>
<blockquote> <tt>text={}</tt> <br>
<tt>color=green</tt> <br>
<tt>font="helvetica 10 normal roman"</tt> <br>
<tt>select=1</tt> <br>
<tt>edit=1</tt> <br>
<tt>move=1</tt> <br>
<tt>delete=1</tt> <br>
<tt>highlite=1</tt> <br>
<tt>include=1</tt> <br>
<tt>fixed=0</tt> </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p><b><a name="RegionFileFormat"></a>Region File Format</b></p>
<blockquote>
<p><b> Syntax</b></p>
<p>Region arguments may be separated with either a comma or
space. Optional parentheses may be used a the beginning and
end of a description. </p>
<blockquote> <tt>circle 100 100 10</tt> <br>
<tt>circle(100 100 10)</tt> <br>
<tt>circle(100,100,10)</tt> </blockquote>
<p><b> Comments</b></p>
<p>All lines that begin with <tt>#</tt> are comments and will
be ignored.</p>
<blockquote> <tt># This is a comment</tt> </blockquote>
<p><b> Delimiter</b></p>
<p>All lines may be delimited with either a new-line or
semi-colon. </p>
<blockquote> <tt>circle 100 100 10</tt> <br>
<tt>ellipse 200 200 20 40 ; box 300 300 20 40</tt> </blockquote>
<p><b> Header</b></p>
<p>A DS9 region file may start with the following optional
header: </p>
<blockquote> <tt># Region file format: DS9 version 4.0</tt> </blockquote>
<p><b> Global Properties</b></p>
<p>Global properties affect all regions unless a local property
is specified. The <tt>global</tt> keyword is first, followed
by a list of keyword = value pairs. Multiple global property
lines may be used within a region file. </p>
<blockquote> <tt>global color=green font="helvetica 10 normal
roman" edit=1 move=1 delete=1 highlite=1 include=1 wcs=wcs</tt>
</blockquote>
<p><b> Local Properties</b></p>
<p>Local properties start with a # after a region description
and only affect the region it is specified with. </p>
<blockquote> <tt>physical;circle(504,513,20) # color=red
text={This is a Circle}</tt> </blockquote>
<p><b> Coordinate Systems</b></p>
<p>For each region, it is important to specify the coordinate
system used to interpret the region, i.e., to set the context
in which the position and size values are interpreted. For
this purpose, the following keywords are recognized: </p>
<blockquote> <tt>PHYSICAL
#
pixel coords of original file using LTM/LTV</tt> <br>
<tt>IMAGE
#
pixel coords of current file</tt> <br>
<tt>FK4,
B1950
#
sky coordinate systems</tt> <br>
<tt>FK5,
J2000
#
sky coordinate systems</tt> <br>
<tt>GALACTIC
#
sky coordinate systems</tt> <br>
<tt>ECLIPTIC
#
sky coordinate systems</tt> <br>
<tt>ICRS
#
currently same as J2000</tt> <br>
<tt>LINEAR
#
linear wcs as defined in file</tt> <br>
<tt>AMPLIFIER
#
mosaic coords of original file using ATM/ATV</tt> <br>
<tt>DETECTOR
#
mosaic coords of original file usingDTM/DTV</tt> </blockquote>
<p><b> Mosaic Images</b></p>
<p>While some coordinate systems are unique across mosaic
images, others coordinate systems, such as <tt>image</tt>, or
<tt>physical</tt> , are valid on a per segment basis. In this
case, use <tt>tile</tt> to specify which header to use in all
coordinate conversions. The default is the first header, or <tt>tile
1</tt>. </p>
<tt>Example: tile 2;fk5;point(100,100)</tt>
<p><b> Multiple WCS</b></p>
<p>If an image has multiple wcs's defined, use <tt>wcs#</tt> to
specify which wcs to use for all wcs references. Valid values
are <tt>wcs, wcsa, wcsb, wcsc... wcsz.</tt><br>
<tt>Example: wcsa;linear;point(100,100) # point=diamond</tt></p>
<p><b> Specifying Positions and Sizes</b></p>
<p>The arguments to region shapes can be floats or integers
describing positions and sizes. They can be specified as pure
numbers or using explicit formatting directives: </p>
<blockquote>
<p><b>position arguments</b> </p>
<tt>[num]
#
context-dependent (see below)</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]d
#
degrees</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]r
#
radians</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]p
#
physical pixels</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]i
#
image pixels</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]:[num]:[num] #
hms for 'odd' position arguments</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]:[num]:[num] #
dms for 'even' position arguments</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]h[num]m[num]s #
explicit hms</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]d[num]m[num]s #
explicit dms</tt>
<p><b>size arguments</b> </p>
<tt>[num]
#
context-dependent (see below)</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]"
#
arc sec</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]'
#
arc min</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]d
#
degrees</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]r
#
radians</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]p
#
physical pixels</tt> <br>
<tt>[num]i
#
image pixels</tt>
<p></p>
</blockquote>
<p>When a "pure number" (i.e. one without a format directive
such as 'd' for 'degrees') is specified, its interpretation
depends on the context defined by the 'coordsys' keyword. In
general, the rule is: </p>
<p><i>All pure numbers have implied units corresponding to the
current coordinate system.</i> </p>
<p>If no such system is explicitly specified, the default system
is implicitly assumed to be <tt>PHYSICAL</tt>. In practice
this means that for <tt>IMAGE</tt> and <tt>PHYSICAL</tt>
systems, pure numbers are pixels. Otherwise, for all systems
other than linear, pure numbers are degrees. For <tt>LINEAR</tt>
systems, pure numbers are in the units of the linear system.
This rule covers both positions and sizes. The input values to
each shape can be specified in several coordinate systems
including: </p>
<blockquote> <tt>IMAGE
#
pixel coords of current file</tt> <br>
<br>
<tt>LINEAR
#
linear wcs as defined in file</tt>
<p><tt>FK4,
B1950
#
sky coordinate systems</tt> <br>
<tt>FK5, J2000</tt> <br>
<tt>GALACTIC</tt> <br>
<tt>ECLIPTIC</tt> <br>
<tt>ICRS</tt> <br>
<tt>PHYSICAL
#
pixel coords of original file using LTM/LTV</tt> <br>
<tt>AMPLIFIER
#
mosaic coords of original file using ATM/ATV</tt> <br>
<tt>DETECTOR
#
mosaic coords of original file using DTM/DTV</tt><br>
<br>
<tt>WCS,WCSA-WCSZ
# specify which WCS system to be
used for <br>
#
linear and sky coordinate systems<br>
</tt></p>
</blockquote>
<p>If no coordinate system is specified, <tt>PHYSICAL</tt> is
assumed. <tt>PHYSICAL</tt> or a World Coordinate System such
as <tt>J2000</tt> is preferred and most general. The
coordinate system specifier should appear at the beginning of
the region description, on a separate line (in a file), or
followed by a new-line or semicolon; e.g., </p>
<blockquote> <tt>image; circle 100 100 10</tt> <br>
<tt>physical; ellipse 200 200 10 20</tt> <br>
<tt>fk5; point 30 50</tt><br>
<tt>wcsa; fk4; point 202 47</tt><br>
<tt>wcsp; linear; point 100 100</tt><br>
</blockquote>
<p>The use of celestial input units automatically implies WORLD
coordinates of the reference image. Thus, if the world
coordinate system of the reference image is <tt>J2000</tt>,
then</p>
<blockquote> <tt>circle 10:10:0 20:22:0 3'</tt> </blockquote>
<p>is equivalent to: <br>
</p>
<blockquote> <tt>j2000; circle 10:10:0 20:22:0 3'</tt> </blockquote>
<p>Note that by using units as described above, you may mix
coordinate systems within a region specifier; e.g., </p>
<blockquote> <tt>physical; circle 6500 9320 3'<br>
</tt></blockquote>
<p>Note that, for regions which accept a rotation angle such as:
</p>
<blockquote> <tt>ellipse (x, y, r1, r2, angle)<br>
box(x, y, w, h, angle)</tt>
<p></p>
</blockquote>
<p>the angle is relative to the specified coordinate system. In
particular, if the region is specified in WCS coordinates, the
angle is related to the WCS system, not x/y image coordinate
axis. For WCS systems with no rotation, this obviously is not
an issue. However, some images do define an implicit rotation
(e.g., by using a non-zero CROTA value in the WCS parameters)
and for these images, the angle will be relative to the WCS
axes. In such case, a region specification such as:</p>
<blockquote> <tt>fk4;ellipse(22:59:43.985, +58:45:26.92,320",
160", 30)</tt> </blockquote>
<p>will not, in general, be the same region specified as:</p>
<blockquote> <tt>physical;ellipse(465, 578, 40, 20, 30)</tt> </blockquote>
<p>even when positions and sizes match. The angle is relative to
WCS axes in the first case, and relative to physical x,y axes
in the second.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><b><a name="CompositeRegion"></a>Composite Region</b></p>
<p>A Composite Region is a region which is a collection of other
regions, which share common properties. A composite region is
composed of a center point and a rotation angle, of which all
its members are rendered in reference to. A composite region is
defined by the # composite x y angle declaration followed by a
number of regions who are or'd together. A composite region is
manipulated as a single region within ds9. A composite region
maybe created from the current selection of regions by selecting
the Create Composite Region menu option. Likewise, a composite
region can be dissolved by selecting the Dissolve Composite
Region menu option.</p>
<p><b> <a name="TemplateRegion"></a>Template Region</b></p>
<p>A Template Region is a special form of a region which is saved
in a special wcs coordinate system WCS0. WCS0 indicates that the
ra and dec values are relative to the current WCS location, not
absolute. A template region can be loaded at any location into
any fits image which contains a valid wcs. For example, a user
may create a series of regions, which represent an instrument
template. Then, by selecting the Save As Template menu option, a
template region saved. The user may now load this templated into
any other fits image which contains a valid WCS. </p>
<p><b> <a name="ExternalRegionFiles"></a>External Region Files</b></p>
<p>DS9 can read and write a number of region file formats. Not all
formats support all the functionality of DS9 regions. Therefore,
the user may loose some information when writing and then
reading back from a region file in a format other that DS9. On
output, the regions File Format menu or the <a href="xpa.html#regions">XPA</a>
regions point is used specify the output coordinate system and
format. On input, the menu or xpa point is used only for the <tt>X
Y </tt>format. For all other formats, the input coordinate
system is specified in the regions file itself. </p>
<blockquote>
<p><b> <a name="FUNTools"></a><a
href="http://hea-www.harvard.edu/RD/funtools/regions.html">Funtools</a></b><tt></tt><br>
</p>
<blockquote> <tt>TEXT is ignored<br>
</tt> <tt>VECTOR is ignored</tt> <br>
<tt>PROJECTION is ignored</tt><tt></tt><br>
<tt>RULER is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>COMPASS is ignored<br>
FIELD is ignored<br>
PIE is ignored<br>
</tt> <tt> All properties are ignored</tt><br>
</blockquote>
<a name="Ciao"></a>CIAO
<blockquote> <tt> All point regions are translated as POINT</tt><br>
<tt>BOX is translated as ROTBOX<br>
</tt> <tt>LINE is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>VECTOR is ignored</tt> <br>
<tt>RULER is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>COMPASS is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>TEXT is ignored</tt><tt></tt><br>
<tt>PROJECTION is ignored</tt><tt></tt><br>
<tt>ELLIPSE ANNULUS is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>BOX ANNULUS is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>PANDA is translated as PIE</tt><br>
<tt>EPANDA is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>BPANDA is ignored</tt><br>
<tt> All properties are ignored</tt><br>
</blockquote>
<a name="SAOimage"></a><a
href="http://tdc-www.harvard.edu/software/saoimage/saoimage.region.html">SAOimage</a>
<blockquote> <tt> All point regions are translated as </tt><tt>POINT</tt><tt></tt><br>
<tt>LINE is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>VECTOR is ignored</tt> <br>
<tt>TEXT is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>PROJECTION ignored</tt><br>
<tt>PROJECTION3D is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>RULER is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>COMPASS is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>PANDA is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>EPANDA is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>BPANDA is ignored</tt><br>
<tt> All properties are ignored</tt><br>
</blockquote>
<a name="IRAFPROS"></a>IRAF PROS
<blockquote> <tt> All point regions are translated as </tt><tt>POINT</tt><tt></tt><br>
<tt>LINE is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>VECTOR is ignored</tt> <br>
<tt>TEXT is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>RULER is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>COMPASS is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>PROJECTION ignored</tt><br>
<tt>PROJECTION3D is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>PANDA is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>EPANDA is ignored</tt><br>
<tt>BPANDA is ignored</tt><br>
<tt> All properties are ignored</tt><br>
</blockquote>
<a name="FITSREGIONBinaryTable"></a>FITS REGION Binary Table
<blockquote> <tt> Read Only. DS9 currently can not write in
this format.</tt><br>
<tt>POINT is translated into BOX CIRCLE POINT</tt><br>
<tt>ROTBOX is translated into BOX</tt><br>
<tt>RECTANGLE is translated into BOX</tt><br>
<tt>ROTRECTANGLE is translated into a BOX</tt><br>
<tt>PIE is translated into PANDA</tt><br>
<tt> The follow regions are not supported</tt>
<blockquote> <tt>ELLIPTANNULUS</tt><br>
<tt>SECTOR</tt><br>
<tt>DIAMOND</tt><br>
<tt>RHOMBUS</tt><br>
<tt>ROTDIAMOND</tt><br>
<tt>ROTRHOMBUS</tt><br>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<a name="XY"></a>X Y <br>
<p>This format consists of a number of coordinate pairs, one per
line. The coordinate format for both input and output is
specified via the Save Regions Parameters menu or <a
href="xpa.html#regions">XPA</a> regions point. The first two
coordinates are read, the rest of the line is ignored. The
comment character '#' may be used at the beginning of line and
the line is ignored. This format is very useful for reading in
coordinates from other external analysis programs, such as
IRAF. </p>
<blockquote> <tt>Example:</tt> <tt># this is a comment</tt> <br>
<tt>physical # this overrides the specified coordinate system</tt><br>
<tt>300 300</tt> <br>
<tt>400 400 # this is a comment</tt> <br>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
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