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\name{scatterplot3d}
\alias{scatterplot3d}
\title{3D Scatter Plot}
\description{
Plots a three dimensional (3D) point cloud.
}
\usage{
scatterplot3d(x, y=NULL, z=NULL, color=par("col"), pch=par("pch"),
main=NULL, sub=NULL, xlim=NULL, ylim=NULL, zlim=NULL,
xlab=NULL, ylab=NULL, zlab=NULL, scale.y=1, angle=40,
axis=TRUE, tick.marks=TRUE, label.tick.marks=TRUE,
x.ticklabs=NULL, y.ticklabs=NULL, z.ticklabs=NULL,
y.margin.add=0, grid=TRUE, box=TRUE, lab=par("lab"),
lab.z=mean(lab[1:2]), type="p", highlight.3d=FALSE,
mar=c(5,3,4,3)+0.1, bg=par("bg"), col.axis=par("col.axis"),
col.grid="grey", col.lab=par("col.lab"),
cex.symbols=par("cex"), cex.axis=0.8 * par("cex.axis"),
cex.lab=par("cex.lab"), font.axis=par("font.axis"),
font.lab=par("font.lab"), lty.axis=par("lty"),
lty.grid=par("lty"), lty.hide=NULL, lty.hplot=par("lty"),
log="", ...)
}
\arguments{
\item{x}{the coordinates of points in the plot.}
\item{y}{the y coordinates of points in the plot, optional if \code{x} is an appropriate structure.}
\item{z}{the z coordinates of points in the plot, optional if \code{x} is an appropriate structure.}
\item{color}{colors of points in the plot, optional if \code{x} is an appropriate structure.
Will be ignored if \code{highlight.3d = TRUE}.}
\item{pch}{plotting "character", i.e. symbol to use.}
\item{main}{an overall title for the plot.}
\item{sub}{sub-title.}
\item{xlim, ylim, zlim}{the x, y and z limits (min, max) of the plot. Note that setting enlarged limits
may not work as exactly as expected (a known but unfixed bug).}
\item{xlab, ylab, zlab}{titles for the x, y and z axis.}
\item{scale.y}{scale of y axis related to x- and z axis.}
\item{angle}{angle between x and y axis (Attention: result depends on scaling).}
\item{axis}{a logical value indicating whether axes should be drawn on the plot.}
\item{tick.marks}{a logical value indicating whether tick marks should
be drawn on the plot (only if \code{axis = TRUE}).}
\item{label.tick.marks}{a logical value indicating whether tick marks should be labeled on the plot
(only if \code{axis = TRUE} and \code{tick.marks = TRUE}).}
\item{x.ticklabs, y.ticklabs, z.ticklabs}{vector of tick mark labels.}
\item{y.margin.add}{add additional space between tick mark labels and
axis label of the y axis}
\item{grid}{a logical value indicating whether a grid should be drawn on the plot.}
\item{box}{a logical value indicating whether a box should be drawn around the plot.}
\item{lab}{a numerical vector of the form c(x, y, len). The values of
x and y give the (approximate) number of tickmarks on the x and y axes.}
\item{lab.z}{the same as \code{lab}, but for z axis.}
\item{type}{character indicating the type of plot: "p" for points, "l"
for lines, "h" for vertical lines to x-y-plane, etc.}
\item{highlight.3d}{points will be drawn in different colors related to y coordinates
(only if \code{type = "p"} or \code{type = "h"}, else \code{color} will be used).\cr
On some devices not all colors can be displayed. In this case try the
postscript device or use \code{highlight.3d = FALSE}.}
\item{mar}{A numerical vector of the form c(bottom, left, top, right)
which gives the lines of margin to be specified on the four sides of the plot.}
\item{bg}{background (fill) color for the open plot symbols given by pch = 21:25.}
\item{col.axis, col.grid, col.lab}{the color to be used for axis / grid / axis labels.}
\item{cex.symbols, cex.axis, cex.lab}{the magnification to be used for
point symbols, axis annotation, labels relative to the current.}
\item{font.axis, font.lab}{the font to be used for axis annotation / labels.}
\item{lty.axis, lty.grid}{the line type to be used for axis / grid.}
\item{lty.hide}{line style used to plot \sQuote{non-visible} edges (defaults of the \code{lty.axis} style)}
\item{lty.hplot}{the line type to be used for vertical segments with \code{type = "h"}.}
\item{log}{Not yet implemented! A character string which contains "x"
(if the x axis is to be logarithmic), "y", "z", "xy", "xz", "yz", "xyz".}
\item{\dots}{more graphical parameters can be given as arguments,
\code{pch = 16} or \code{pch = 20} may be nice.}
}
\value{
\item{xyz.convert}{function which converts coordinates from 3D (x, y, z)
to 2D-projection (x, y) of \code{scatterplot3d}.
Useful to plot objects into existing plot.}
\item{points3d}{function which draws points or lines into the existing plot.}
\item{plane3d}{function which draws a plane into the existing plot:
\code{plane3d(Intercept, x.coef = NULL, y.coef = NULL, lty =
"dashed", lty.box = NULL, ...)}.
Instead of \code{Intercept} a vector containing 3
elements or an (g)lm object can be specified.
The argument \code{lty.box} allows to set a different line style for the
intersecting lines in the box's walls.}
\item{box3d}{function which \dQuote{refreshes} the box surrounding the plot.}
}
\references{
Ligges, U., and Maechler, M. (2003):
Scatterplot3d -- an R Package for Visualizing Multivariate Data.
\emph{Journal of Statistical Software} 8(11), 1--20.
\url{http://www.jstatsoft.org/}
}
\note{
Some graphical parameters should only be set as arguments in
\code{scatterplot3d} but not in a previous \code{\link[graphics]{par}()} call. One of these is
\code{mar}, which is also non-standard in another way: Users who
want to extend an existing \code{scatterplot3d} graphic with another function than
\code{points3d}, \code{plane3d} or \code{box3d}, should consider to
set \code{par(mar = c(b, l, t, r))} to the value of \code{mar} used in
\code{scatterplot3d}, which defaults to \code{c(5, 3, 4, 3) + 0.1}.
Other \code{par} arguments may be split into several arguments in
\code{scatterplot3d}, e.g., for specifying the line type. And finally
some of \code{par} arguments do not apply here, e.g., many of those
for axis calculation. So we recommend to try the specification of
graphical parameters at first as arguments in \code{scatterplot3d} and
only if needed as arguments in previous \code{par()} call.
}
\author{
Uwe Ligges \email{ligges@statistik.tu-dortmund.de};
\url{http://www.statistik.tu-dortmund.de/~ligges}.
}
\seealso{
\code{\link[graphics]{persp}}, \code{\link[graphics]{plot}}, \code{\link[graphics]{par}}.
}
\examples{
## On some devices not all colors can be displayed.
## Try the postscript device or use highlight.3d = FALSE.
## example 1
z <- seq(-10, 10, 0.01)
x <- cos(z)
y <- sin(z)
scatterplot3d(x, y, z, highlight.3d=TRUE, col.axis="blue",
col.grid="lightblue", main="scatterplot3d - 1", pch=20)
## example 2
temp <- seq(-pi, 0, length = 50)
x <- c(rep(1, 50) \%*\% t(cos(temp)))
y <- c(cos(temp) \%*\% t(sin(temp)))
z <- c(sin(temp) \%*\% t(sin(temp)))
scatterplot3d(x, y, z, highlight.3d=TRUE,
col.axis="blue", col.grid="lightblue",
main="scatterplot3d - 2", pch=20)
## example 3
temp <- seq(-pi, 0, length = 50)
x <- c(rep(1, 50) \%*\% t(cos(temp)))
y <- c(cos(temp) \%*\% t(sin(temp)))
z <- 10 * c(sin(temp) \%*\% t(sin(temp)))
color <- rep("green", length(x))
temp <- seq(-10, 10, 0.01)
x <- c(x, cos(temp))
y <- c(y, sin(temp))
z <- c(z, temp)
color <- c(color, rep("red", length(temp)))
scatterplot3d(x, y, z, color, pch=20, zlim=c(-2, 10),
main="scatterplot3d - 3")
## example 4
my.mat <- matrix(runif(25), nrow=5)
dimnames(my.mat) <- list(LETTERS[1:5], letters[11:15])
my.mat # the matrix we want to plot ...
s3d.dat <- data.frame(cols=as.vector(col(my.mat)),
rows=as.vector(row(my.mat)),
value=as.vector(my.mat))
scatterplot3d(s3d.dat, type="h", lwd=5, pch=" ",
x.ticklabs=colnames(my.mat), y.ticklabs=rownames(my.mat),
color=grey(25:1/40), main="scatterplot3d - 4")
## example 5
data(trees)
s3d <- scatterplot3d(trees, type="h", highlight.3d=TRUE,
angle=55, scale.y=0.7, pch=16, main="scatterplot3d - 5")
# Now adding some points to the "scatterplot3d"
s3d$points3d(seq(10,20,2), seq(85,60,-5), seq(60,10,-10),
col="blue", type="h", pch=16)
# Now adding a regression plane to the "scatterplot3d"
attach(trees)
my.lm <- lm(Volume ~ Girth + Height)
s3d$plane3d(my.lm, lty.box = "solid")
## example 6; by Martin Maechler
cubedraw <- function(res3d, min = 0, max = 255, cex = 2, text. = FALSE)
{
## Purpose: Draw nice cube with corners
cube01 <- rbind(c(0,0,1), 0, c(1,0,0), c(1,1,0), 1, c(0,1,1), # < 6 outer
c(1,0,1), c(0,1,0)) # <- "inner": fore- & back-ground
cub <- min + (max-min)* cube01
## visibile corners + lines:
res3d$points3d(cub[c(1:6,1,7,3,7,5) ,], cex = cex, type = 'b', lty = 1)
## hidden corner + lines
res3d$points3d(cub[c(2,8,4,8,6), ], cex = cex, type = 'b', lty = 3)
if(text.)## debug
text(res3d$xyz.convert(cub), labels=1:nrow(cub), col='tomato', cex=2)
}
## 6 a) The named colors in R, i.e. colors()
cc <- colors()
crgb <- t(col2rgb(cc))
par(xpd = TRUE)
rr <- scatterplot3d(crgb, color = cc, box = FALSE, angle = 24,
xlim = c(-50, 300), ylim = c(-50, 300), zlim = c(-50, 300))
cubedraw(rr)
## 6 b) The rainbow colors from rainbow(201)
rbc <- rainbow(201)
Rrb <- t(col2rgb(rbc))
rR <- scatterplot3d(Rrb, color = rbc, box = FALSE, angle = 24,
xlim = c(-50, 300), ylim = c(-50, 300), zlim = c(-50, 300))
cubedraw(rR)
rR$points3d(Rrb, col = rbc, pch = 16)
}
\keyword{hplot}
|
