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<body>
<h1> 18_opamp_ac: 2 slot opamp </h1>
<h2> Scope </h2>
<p>
A notch filter built with two opamps: this filter passes signals between DC
and 100 kHz but filters out 1 kHz signals. Demonstrated using a slotted
opamp with simulation.
<h2> The schematics </h2>
<p>
<center>
<a href="18_opamp_ac.rs"><img src="18_opamp_ac.svg" width=600px></a>
<br>Click the image to get the sch-rnd sheet; also requires this <a href="project.lht">project.lht</a> in the same directory</center>
<p>
More info on the circuit: <a href="https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/filter/band-stop-filter.html"> www.electronics-tutorials.ws </a>
<h2> Preparing for simulation </h2>
<p>
The lm358 contains two opamps in a single physical package. For the PCB
workflow this is going to be a single footprint with 8 pins. For spice
simulation, two separate components are exported, one per slot. The problem is:
only slot 1's power terminals are connected! This is no problem for the
PCB workflow, where a physical connection between slots exists within the package.
For simulation, the trick is to set spice/shared on the power terminals on both
slots (4 terminals total). This tells sch-rnd to share the connection between
the same numbered terminals of different slots of the same symbol.
<p>
Other than this, everything else about the drawing is pretty much the same as in
<a href="12_bjt_amp_ac.html">12_bjt_amp_ac</a>.
<h3> Modifications </h3>
<p>
This circuit needs three voltage sources, which are both added as modifications.
The first one is a DC 5V source connected to net Vcc (and GND). The second is
a DC -5V source connected to net Vneg (and GND). These are the power supply
rails of the opamp.
<p>
The third source is connected to the net <i>in</i> (and GND) and acts as the
small signal AC source for the AC analysis, this it has a an AC value (of 0.1 V)
<h3> Sim setup: output config </h3>
<p>
(Same as in <a href="../06_passive_ac/index.html"> example 06_passive_ac </a>)
<p>
This simulation has two output configs, one for displaying the transfer
(in decibel) and one for the phase (in radian). The reason for specify them
in two separate output is the largely different y scale and unit.
<p>
The first output uses <i>ac (dec)</i> for analysis. This will feed in 10
different frequencies per decade and caputre the output. This also means
the X axis, frequency, is logarithmic (common for frequency domain analysis).
<p>
The property to plot is <i>vdb(out)</i>, which is the "voltage decibel" of
the network called out. Instead of the net name a component-port could be
specified within vdb().
<p>
The second output uses anlaysis <i>previous</i>, which means no new simulation
is ran, but the data of the previous simulation is used. The presentation is
also a plot of "out", but using the cph() function, which is the phase in
radian.
<p>
<center>
<img src="sim_run.png">
<br>Simulation setup dialog, third tab, after execution</center>
<p>
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