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"""
======================================================================
A demo of structured Ward hierarchical clustering on an image of coins
======================================================================
Compute the segmentation of a 2D image with Ward hierarchical
clustering. The clustering is spatially constrained in order
for each segmented region to be in one piece.
"""
# Author : Vincent Michel, 2010
# Alexandre Gramfort, 2011
# License: BSD 3 clause
# %%
# Generate data
# -------------
from skimage.data import coins
orig_coins = coins()
# %%
# Resize it to 20% of the original size to speed up the processing
# Applying a Gaussian filter for smoothing prior to down-scaling
# reduces aliasing artifacts.
import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter
from skimage.transform import rescale
smoothened_coins = gaussian_filter(orig_coins, sigma=2)
rescaled_coins = rescale(
smoothened_coins,
0.2,
mode="reflect",
anti_aliasing=False,
)
X = np.reshape(rescaled_coins, (-1, 1))
# %%
# Define structure of the data
# ----------------------------
#
# Pixels are connected to their neighbors.
from sklearn.feature_extraction.image import grid_to_graph
connectivity = grid_to_graph(*rescaled_coins.shape)
# %%
# Compute clustering
# ------------------
import time as time
from sklearn.cluster import AgglomerativeClustering
print("Compute structured hierarchical clustering...")
st = time.time()
n_clusters = 27 # number of regions
ward = AgglomerativeClustering(
n_clusters=n_clusters, linkage="ward", connectivity=connectivity
)
ward.fit(X)
label = np.reshape(ward.labels_, rescaled_coins.shape)
print(f"Elapsed time: {time.time() - st:.3f}s")
print(f"Number of pixels: {label.size}")
print(f"Number of clusters: {np.unique(label).size}")
# %%
# Plot the results on an image
# ----------------------------
#
# Agglomerative clustering is able to segment each coin however, we have had to
# use a ``n_cluster`` larger than the number of coins because the segmentation
# is finding a large in the background.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
plt.imshow(rescaled_coins, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
for l in range(n_clusters):
plt.contour(
label == l,
colors=[
plt.cm.nipy_spectral(l / float(n_clusters)),
],
)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
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