1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
|
{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% set title = 'scikit-learn: machine learning in Python' %}
{% if is_devrelease|tobool %}
{%- set contributing_link = pathto("developers/contributing") %}
{%- set contributing_attrs = "" %}
{%- else %}
{%- set contributing_link = "https://scikit-learn.org/dev/developers/contributing.html" %}
{%- set contributing_attrs = 'target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"' %}
{%- endif %}
{%- import "static/webpack-macros.html" as _webpack with context %}
{% block docs_navbar %}
{{ super() }}
<div class="container-fluid sk-landing-top-bar py-4">
<div class="container sk-landing-container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 mb-3 mb-md-0">
<h1 class="sk-landing-header font-monospace">scikit-learn</h1>
<h4 class="sk-landing-subheader fst-italic mb-3">Machine Learning in Python</h4>
<a class="btn sk-btn-orange mb-1" href="{{ pathto('getting_started') }}" role="button">Getting Started</a>
<a class="btn sk-btn-orange mb-1" href="{{ pathto(release_highlights) }}" role="button">Release Highlights for {{ release_highlights_version }}</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 d-flex">
<ul class="sk-landing-header-body">
<li>Simple and efficient tools for predictive data analysis</li>
<li>Accessible to everybody, and reusable in various contexts</li>
<li>Built on NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib</li>
<li>Open source, commercially usable - BSD license</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock docs_navbar %}
{% block docs_main %}
<div class="container sk-landing-container pt-3 sk-landing-body" role="main">
<div class="row no-gutters">
<!-- Classification -->
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3 px-md-2 sk-px-xl-4">
<div class="card h-100" sk-align-group="1">
<div class="card-body">
<h4 class="sk-card-title card-title sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="title">
<a href="supervised_learning.html">Classification</a>
</h4>
<p class="sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="desc">Identifying which category an object belongs to.</p>
<p>
<strong>Applications:</strong> Spam detection, image recognition.</br>
<strong>Algorithms:</strong>
<a href="modules/ensemble.html#histogram-based-gradient-boosting">Gradient boosting</a>,
<a href="modules/neighbors.html#classification">nearest neighbors</a>,
<a href="modules/ensemble.html#forest">random forest</a>,
<a href="modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression">logistic regression</a>,
and <a href="supervised_learning.html">more...</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="sk-card-img-container overflow-hidden mx-2 flex-fill">
<a href="auto_examples/classification/plot_classifier_comparison.html" aria-label="Classification">
<img src="_images/sphx_glr_plot_classifier_comparison_001_carousel.png" alt="Classifier comparison">
</a>
</div>
<a href="auto_examples/classification/index.html" class="sk-btn-cyan btn" role="button">Examples</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Regression -->
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3 px-md-2 sk-px-xl-4">
<div class="card h-100" sk-align-group="1">
<div class="card-body">
<h4 class="sk-card-title card-title sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="title">
<a href="supervised_learning.html">Regression</a>
</h4>
<p class="sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="desc">Predicting a continuous-valued attribute associated with an object.</p>
<p>
<strong>Applications:</strong> Drug response, stock prices.</br>
<strong>Algorithms:</strong>
<a href="modules/ensemble.html#histogram-based-gradient-boosting">Gradient boosting</a>,
<a href="modules/neighbors.html#regression">nearest neighbors</a>,
<a href="modules/ensemble.html#forest">random forest</a>,
<a href="modules/linear_model.html#ridge-regression-and-classification">ridge</a>,
and <a href="supervised_learning.html">more...</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="sk-card-img-container overflow-hidden mx-2 flex-fill">
<a href="auto_examples/ensemble/plot_hgbt_regression.html" aria-label="Regression">
<img src="_images/sphx_glr_plot_hgbt_regression_002.png" alt="Decision Tree Regression with HGBT">
</a>
</div>
<a href="auto_examples/index.html" class="sk-btn-cyan btn" role="button">Examples</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Clustering -->
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3 px-md-2 sk-px-xl-4">
<div class="card h-100" sk-align-group="1">
<div class="card-body">
<h4 class="sk-card-title card-title sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="title">
<a href="modules/clustering.html">Clustering</a>
</h4>
<p class="sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="desc">Automatic grouping of similar objects into sets.</p>
<p>
<strong>Applications:</strong> Customer segmentation, grouping experiment outcomes.</br>
<strong>Algorithms:</strong>
<a href="modules/clustering.html#k-means">k-Means</a>,
<a href="modules/clustering.html#hdbscan">HDBSCAN</a>,
<a href="modules/clustering.html#hierarchical-clustering">hierarchical clustering</a>,
and <a href="modules/clustering.html">more...</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="sk-card-img-container overflow-hidden mx-2 flex-fill">
<a href="auto_examples/cluster/plot_kmeans_digits.html" aria-label="Clustering">
<img src="_images/sphx_glr_plot_kmeans_digits_thumb.png" alt="A demo of K-Means clustering on the handwritten digits data">
</a>
</div>
<a href="auto_examples/cluster/index.html" class="sk-btn-cyan btn" role="button">Examples</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Dimensionality reduction -->
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3 px-md-2 sk-px-xl-4">
<div class="card h-100" sk-align-group="2">
<div class="card-body">
<h4 class="sk-card-title card-title sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="title">
<a href="modules/decomposition.html">Dimensionality reduction</a>
</h4>
<p class="sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="desc">Reducing the number of random variables to consider.</p>
<p>
<strong>Applications:</strong> Visualization, increased efficiency.</br>
<strong>Algorithms:</strong>
<a href="modules/decomposition.html#pca">PCA</a>,
<a href="modules/feature_selection.html#feature-selection">feature selection</a>,
<a href="modules/decomposition.html#nmf">non-negative matrix factorization</a>,
and <a href="modules/decomposition.html">more...</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="sk-card-img-container overflow-hidden mx-2 flex-fill">
<a href="auto_examples/decomposition/plot_pca_iris.html" aria-label="Dimensionality reduction">
<img src="_images/sphx_glr_plot_pca_iris_thumb.png" alt="PCA example with Iris Data-set">
</a>
</div>
<a href="auto_examples/decomposition/index.html" class="sk-btn-cyan btn" role="button">Examples</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Model selection -->
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3 px-md-2 sk-px-xl-4">
<div class="card h-100" sk-align-group="2">
<div class="card-body">
<h4 class="sk-card-title card-title sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="title">
<a href="model_selection.html">Model selection</a>
</h4>
<p class="sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="desc">Comparing, validating and choosing parameters and models.</p>
<p>
<strong>Applications:</strong> Improved accuracy via parameter tuning.</br>
<strong>Algorithms:</strong>
<a href="modules/grid_search.html">Grid search</a>,
<a href="modules/cross_validation.html">cross validation</a>,
<a href="modules/model_evaluation.html">metrics</a>,
and <a href="model_selection.html">more...</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="sk-card-img-container overflow-hidden mx-2 flex-fill">
<a href="auto_examples/model_selection/plot_multi_metric_evaluation.html" aria-label="Model selection">
<img src="_images/sphx_glr_plot_multi_metric_evaluation_thumb.png" alt="Demonstration of multi-metric evaluation on cross_val_score and GridSearchCV">
</a>
</div>
<a href="auto_examples/model_selection/index.html" class="sk-btn-cyan btn" role="button">Examples</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Preprocessing -->
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3 px-md-2 sk-px-xl-4">
<div class="card h-100" sk-align-group="2">
<div class="card-body">
<h4 class="sk-card-title card-title sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="title">
<a href="modules/preprocessing.html">Preprocessing</a>
</h4>
<p class="sk-vert-align" sk-align-name="desc">Feature extraction and normalization.</p>
<p>
<strong>Applications:</strong> Transforming input data such as text for use with machine learning algorithms.</br>
<strong>Algorithms:</strong>
<a href="modules/preprocessing.html">Preprocessing</a>,
<a href="modules/feature_extraction.html">feature extraction</a>,
and <a href="modules/preprocessing.html">more...</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="sk-card-img-container overflow-hidden mx-2 flex-fill">
<a href="auto_examples/preprocessing/plot_discretization_strategies.html" aria-label="Preprocessing">
<img src="_images/sphx_glr_plot_discretization_strategies_thumb.png" alt="Demonstrating the different strategies of KBinsDiscretizer">
</a>
</div>
<a href="auto_examples/preprocessing/index.html" class="sk-btn-cyan btn" role="button">Examples</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock docs_main %}
{% block footer %}
<div class="container-fluid sk-landing-more-info py-3">
<div class="container sk-landing-container bd-page-width">
<div class="row">
<!-- News -->
<div class="col-md-4">
<h4 class="sk-landing-call-header">News</h4>
<ul class="sk-landing-call-list list-unstyled">
<li><strong>On-going development:</strong> <a href="https://scikit-learn.org/dev/whats_new/v1.8.html#version-1-8-0">scikit-learn 1.8 (Changelog)</a>.</li>
<li><strong>July 2025.</strong> scikit-learn 1.7.1 is available for download (<a href="whats_new/v1.7.html#version-1-7-1">Changelog</a>).</li>
<li><strong>June 2025.</strong> scikit-learn 1.7.0 is available for download (<a href="whats_new/v1.7.html#version-1-7-0">Changelog</a>).</li>
<li><strong>January 2025.</strong> scikit-learn 1.6.1 is available for download (<a href="whats_new/v1.6.html#version-1-6-1">Changelog</a>).</li>
<li><strong>December 2024.</strong> scikit-learn 1.6.0 is available for download (<a href="whats_new/v1.6.html#version-1-6-0">Changelog</a>).</li>
<li><strong>September 2024.</strong> scikit-learn 1.5.2 is available for download (<a href="whats_new/v1.5.html#version-1-5-2">Changelog</a>).</li>
<li><strong>July 2024.</strong> scikit-learn 1.5.1 is available for download (<a href="whats_new/v1.5.html#version-1-5-1">Changelog</a>).</li>
<li><strong>May 2024.</strong> scikit-learn 1.5.0 is available for download (<a href="whats_new/v1.5.html#version-1-5-0">Changelog</a>).</li>
<li><strong>All releases:</strong> <a href="https://scikit-learn.org/dev/whats_new.html"><strong>What's new</strong> (Changelog)</a>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- Community -->
<div class="col-md-4">
<h4 class="sk-landing-call-header">Community</h4>
<ul class="sk-landing-call-list list-unstyled">
<li><strong>About us:</strong> See <a href="about.html#the-people-behind-scikit-learn">people</a> and <a href="{{ contributing_link }}" {{ contributing_attrs }}>contributing</a></li>
<li><strong>More Machine Learning:</strong> Find <a href="related_projects.html">related projects</a></li>
<li><strong>Questions?</strong> See <a href="faq.html">FAQ</a>, <a href="support.html">Support</a>, <a href="https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/discussions">Discussions</a>, and <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/scikit-learn">Stack Overflow</a></li>
<li><strong>Subscribe to the</strong> <a href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/scikit-learn">mailing list</a></li>
<li><strong>Blog:</strong> <a href="https://blog.scikit-learn.org">blog.scikit-learn.org</a></li>
<li><strong>Logos & Branding:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/tree/main/doc/logos">logos and branding</a></li>
<li><strong>Calendar:</strong> <a href="https://blog.scikit-learn.org/calendar/">calendar</a></li>
<li><strong>LinkedIn:</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scikit-learn">linkedin/scikit-learn</a></li>
<li><strong>Bluesky:</strong> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/scikit-learn.org">bluesky/scikit-learn.org</a></li>
<li><strong>Mastodon:</strong> <a href="https://mastodon.social/@sklearn@fosstodon.org">@sklearn</a></li>
<li><strong>YouTube:</strong> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJosFjYm0ZYVUARxuOZqnnw/playlists">youtube.com/scikit-learn</a></li>
<li><strong>Facebook:</strong> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/scikitlearnofficial/">@scikitlearnofficial</a></li>
<li><strong>Instagram:</strong> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/scikitlearnofficial/">@scikitlearnofficial</a></li>
<li><strong>TikTok:</strong> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@scikit.learn">@scikit.learn</a></li>
<li><strong>Discord:</strong> <a href="https://discord.gg/h9qyrK8Jc8">@scikit-learn</a></li>
<li>Communication on all channels should respect <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/conduct/">PSF's code of conduct.</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
<a class="btn sk-btn-orange mb-1" href="https://numfocus.org/donate-to-scikit-learn">Help us, <strong>donate!</strong></a>
<a class="btn sk-btn-orange mb-1" href="about.html#citing-scikit-learn"><strong>Cite us!</strong></a>
</p>
</div>
<!--Testimonials -->
<div class="col-md-4">
<h4 class="sk-landing-call-header">Who uses scikit-learn?</h4>
<div id="skWhoUsesCarousel" class="carousel slide sk-who-uses-carousel" data-bs-ride="carousel" data-bs-interval="5000">
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="carousel-item active">
<img class="d-block mx-auto img-thumbnail" src="_images/inria.png" alt="inria">
<em>"We use scikit-learn to support leading-edge basic research [...]"</em>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img class="d-block mx-auto img-thumbnail" src="_images/spotify.png" alt="spotify">
<em>"I think it's the most well-designed ML package I've seen so far."</em>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img class="d-block mx-auto img-thumbnail" src="_images/change-logo.png" alt="change-logo">
<em>"scikit-learn's ease-of-use, performance and overall variety of algorithms implemented has proved invaluable [...]"</em>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img class="d-block mx-auto img-thumbnail" src="_images/telecomparistech.jpg" alt="telecomparistech">
<em>"The great benefit of scikit-learn is its fast learning curve [...]"</em>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img class="d-block mx-auto img-thumbnail" src="_images/aweber.png" alt="aweber">
<em>"It allows us to do AWesome stuff we would not otherwise accomplish."</em>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img class="d-block mx-auto img-thumbnail" src="_images/yhat.png" alt="yhat">
<em>"scikit-learn makes doing advanced analysis in Python accessible to anyone."</em>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="sk-more-testimonials">
<a href="testimonials/testimonials.html">More testimonials...</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid sk-landing-footer py-3">
<div class="container sk-landing-container">
<a class="sk-footer-funding-link" href="about.html#funding">
<div class="text-center">
<p class="mt-2 sk-footer-funding-text">
scikit-learn development and maintenance are financially supported by
</p>
<div class="sk-footer-funding-logos">
<img src="_static/probabl.png" title="Probabl">
<img src="_static/inria-small.png" title="INRIA">
<img src="_static/chanel-small.png" title="Chanel">
<img src="_static/axa-small.png" title="AXA Assurances">
<img src="_static/bnp-small.png" title="BNP Paris Bas Cardif">
<img src="_static/microsoft-small.png" title="Microsoft">
<img src="_static/dataiku-small.png" title="Dataiku">
<img src="_static/nvidia-small.png" title="Nvidia">
<img src="_static/quansight-labs-small.png" title="Quansight Labs">
<img src="_static/czi-small.png" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">
<img src="_static/wellcome-trust-small.png" title="Wellcome Trust">
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock footer %}
{%- block scripts_end %}
{{ _webpack.body_post() }}
{%- endblock scripts_end %}
|
