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<!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a
document preparation system, version of October 2018.

This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the
VMS Help Library.  The pre-translation version was written by
George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University.  The
LaTeX 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore.  The
LaTeX2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen.  Karl
Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges
using Hypertext Help with LaTeX, by Sheldon Green, and
LaTeX Command Summary (for LaTeX 2.09) by
L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users
Group as TeXniques number 10), as reference material.  We also
gratefully acknowledge additional material appearing in
latex2e-reference by Martin Herbert Dietze.  (From these references no
text was directly copied.)

Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013,
2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry.

Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.

Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.

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<a name="About-this-document" class="anchor"></a>
<a name="About-this-document-1" class="anchor"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">About this document</h2>

<a name="index-home-page-for-manual" class="anchor"></a>
<p>This is an unofficial reference manual for the LaTeX2e document
preparation system, which is a macro package for the TeX
typesetting program (see <a href="latex2e_2.html#Overview">Overview</a>).
</p>
<p>This document&rsquo;s home page is <a class="external" href="https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman">https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman</a>.  There
you can get the sources, subscribe to the mailing list or read its
archives, see other infrastructure, and get the current output in
various formats.  In particular, the output comes in two web formats.
Probably the most convenient one, shown at <a class="external" href="http://latexref.xyz/">http://latexref.xyz/</a>,
has pages for each topic and so is good for a quick lookup; see also the
note there about easy-to-remember links.  The other, shown at
<a class="external" href="http://svn.gnu.org.ua/viewvc/latexrefman/trunk/latex2e.html?view=co">http://svn.gnu.org.ua/viewvc/latexrefman/trunk/latex2e.html?view=co</a>,
has all the information on single page.
</p>
<a name="index-LaTeX-vs_002e-LaTeX2e" class="anchor"></a>
<p>In this document, we will mostly just use &lsquo;LaTeX&rsquo; rather than
&lsquo;LaTeX2e&rsquo;, since the previous version of LaTeX&nbsp;(2.09) was
frozen decades ago.
</p>
<a name="index-unofficial-nature-of-this-manual" class="anchor"></a>
<a name="index-LaTeX-Project-team" class="anchor"></a>
<a name="index-latexrefman_0040tug_002eorg-email-address" class="anchor"></a>
<p>LaTeX is currently maintained by a group of volunteers
(<a class="external" href="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</a>).  The official documentation written by
the LaTeX project is available from their web site.  This document is
completely unofficial and has not been reviewed by the LaTeX
maintainers.  
<a name="index-bug-reporting" class="anchor"></a>
<a name="index-reporting-bugs" class="anchor"></a>
Do not send bug reports or anything else about this document to them.
Instead, please send all comments to <a href="mailto:latexrefman@tug.org">latexrefman@tug.org</a>.
</p>
<p>This document is a reference.  There is a vast array of other sources
of information about LaTeX, at all levels.  Here are a few
introductions.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><a class="external" href="http://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr">http://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr</a></dt>
<dd><a name="index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document" class="anchor"></a>
<p>Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="external" href="http://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc">http://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc</a></dt>
<dd><a name="index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document" class="anchor"></a>
<p>Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="external" href="http://ctan.org/pkg/usrguide">http://ctan.org/pkg/usrguide</a></dt>
<dd><a name="index-usrguide-official-documentation" class="anchor"></a>
<p>The guide for document authors that is maintained as part of LaTeX.
Many other guides by many other people are also available, independent
of LaTeX itself; one such is the next item:
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="external" href="http://ctan.org/pkg/lshort">http://ctan.org/pkg/lshort</a></dt>
<dd><a name="index-lshort-document" class="anchor"></a>
<p>A short introduction to LaTeX, translated to many languages.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="external" href="http://tug.org/begin.html">http://tug.org/begin.html</a></dt>
<dd><p>Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX, with further
references.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>





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