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  <articleinfo>
    <title>Dynamic Zones</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2009</year>

      <year>2013</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
      License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>
  </articleinfo>

  <section>
    <title>Overview</title>

    <para>There is sometimes a need to be able to define a zone whose members
    are unknown at compile-time. For example, you may wish to require
    authentication of internal users before allowing them access to the
    internet. When a user is authenticated, the user's IP address is added to
    the zone of users permitted web access.</para>

    <para>Shorewall provides basic support for defining such zones. This
    support is based on <ulink
    url="http://ipset.netfilter.org/">ipset</ulink>. Most current
    distributions have ipset, but you may need to install the <ulink
    url="http://xtables-addons.sourceforge.net/">xtables-addons</ulink>.
    </para>
  </section>

  <section id="xtables-addons">
    <title>Installing xtables-addons</title>

    <para>If your distribution does not have an xtables-addons package, the
    xtables-addons are fairly easy to install. You do not need to recompile
    your kernel.</para>

    <para><trademark>Debian</trademark> users can find xtables-addons-common
    and xtables-addons-source packages in <firstterm>testing</firstterm>. The
    kernel modules can be built and installed with the help of
    module-assistant. As of this writing, these packages are in the
    <firstterm>admin</firstterm> group rather than in the
    <firstterm>network</firstterm> group!!??</para>

    <para>For other users, the basic steps are as follows:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Install gcc and make</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Install the headers for the kernel you are running. In some
        distributions, such as <trademark>Debian</trademark> and
        <trademark>Ubuntu</trademark>, the packet is called kernel-headers.
        For other distrubutions, such as OpenSuSE, you must install the
        kernel-source package.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>download the iptables source tarball</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>untar the source</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the iptables source directory</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run 'make'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>as root, run 'make install'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Your new iptables binary will now be installed in
        /usr/local/sbin. Modify shorewall.conf to specify
        IPTABLES=/usr/local/sbin/iptables</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Download the latest xtables-addons source tarball</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Untar the xtables-addons source</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the xtables-addons source directory</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run './configure'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run 'make'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>As root, cd to the xtables-addons directory and run 'make
        install'.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Restart shorewall</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>'shorewall show capabilities' should now indicate<emphasis
        role="bold"> Ipset Match: Available</emphasis></para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    <para>You will have to repeat steps 10-13 each time that you receive a
    kernel upgrade from your distribution vendor. You can install
    xtables-addons before booting to the new kernel as follows
    (<emphasis>new-kernel-version</emphasis> is the version of the
    newly-installed kernel - example <emphasis
    role="bold">2.6.28.11-generic</emphasis>. Look in the /lib/modules
    directory to get the full version name)</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the xtables-addons source directory</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run 'make clean'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run './configure
        --with-kbuild=/lib/modules/<emphasis>new-kernel-version</emphasis>/build
        --with-ksource=/lib/modules/<emphasis>new-kernel-version</emphasis>/source'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run 'make'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>As root, cd to the xtables-addons source directory and run 'make
        install'.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>As root, run 'depmod -a
        <emphasis>new-kernel-version'</emphasis></para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Dynamic Zones -- Shorewall 4.5.9 and Later</title>

    <para>Prior to Shorewall 4.5.9, when multiple records for a zone appear in
    <filename>/etc/shorewall/hosts</filename>, Shorewall would create a
    separate ipset for each interface. This meant that an add or delete
    command was required for each of the interface, when the address involved
    was reachable via multiple interfaces.</para>

    <para>Beginning with Shoreawll 4.5.9, it is possible to have a single
    ipset shared among all interfaces. This also simplifies management of
    dynamic zone contents for dynamic zones associated with only a single
    interface.</para>

    <para>The earlier implementation described below is still available in
    these later releases.</para>

    <section id="defining">
      <title>Defining a Dynamic Zone</title>

      <para>A dynamic zone is defined by specifying the <emphasis
      role="bold">dynamic_shared</emphasis> option in the zones file and using
      the <emphasis role="bold">dynamic</emphasis> keyword in the hosts
      list.</para>

      <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename>:<programlisting>#NAME        TYPE             OPTIONS
net          ipv4
rsyncok:loc  ipv4             <emphasis role="bold">dynamic_shared</emphasis></programlisting><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>#ZONE       INTERFACE      BROADCAST        OPTIONS
loc         eth0           -                …
loc         eth1           -                …</programlisting>

      <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/hosts</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>#ZONE       HOSTS          OPTIONS
rsyncok     eth0:<emphasis role="bold">dynamic</emphasis>
rsyncok     eth1:<emphasis role="bold">dynamic</emphasis></programlisting>

      <para>When the <emphasis role="bold">dynamic_shared</emphasis> option is
      specified, a single ipset is created; the ipset has the same name as the
      zone.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="Adding">
      <title>Adding a Host to a Dynamic Zone.</title>

      <para>Adding a host to a dynamic zone is accomplished by adding the
      host's IP address to the appropriate ipset. Shorewall provldes a command
      for doing that:<blockquote>
          <para><command>shorewall add</command> <replaceable>zone
          address</replaceable> ...</para>
        </blockquote></para>

      <para>Example:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall add rsyncok 70.90.191.124</command></para>
      </blockquote>
    </section>

    <section id="delete">
      <title>Deleting a Host from a Dynamic Zone</title>

      <para>Deleting a host from a dynamic zone is accomplished by removing
      the host's IP address from the appropriate ipset. Shorewall provldes a
      command for doing that:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall delete</command>
        <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <replaceable>address</replaceable>
        ...</para>
      </blockquote>

      <para>Example:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall delete rsyncok 70.19.191.124</command></para>
      </blockquote>

      <para>The command can only be used when the ipset involved is of type
      iphash. For other ipset types, the <command>ipset</command> command must
      be used directly.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="listing">
      <title>Listing the Contents of a Dynamic Zone</title>

      <para>The shorewall show command may be used to list the current
      contents of a dynamic zone.</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall show dynamic</command>
        <replaceable>zone</replaceable></para>
      </blockquote>

      <para>Example:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <programlisting><command>shorewall show dynamic rsyncok</command>
rsyncok:
   70.90.191.122
   70.90.191.124</programlisting>
      </blockquote>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="Version-4.5.9">
    <title>Dynamic Zones -- Shorewall 5.4.8 and Earlier.</title>

    <para>The method described in this section is still supported in the later
    releases.</para>

    <section id="defining1">
      <title>Defining a Dynamic Zone</title>

      <para>A dynamic zone is defined by using the keyword <emphasis
      role="bold">dynamic</emphasis> in the zones host list.</para>

      <para>Example:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename>:<programlisting>#NAME        TYPE             OPTIONS
loc          ipv4
webok:loc    ipv4</programlisting><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>

        <programlisting>#ZONE       INTERFACE      BROADCAST        OPTIONS
loc         eth0           -                …
</programlisting>

        <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/hosts</filename>:</para>

        <programlisting>#ZONE       HOSTS          OPTIONS
webok       eth0:<emphasis role="bold">dynamic</emphasis></programlisting>
      </blockquote>

      <para>Once the above definition is added, Shorewall will automatically
      create an ipset named <emphasis>webok_eth0</emphasis> the next time that
      Shorewall is started or restarted. Shorewall will create an ipset of
      type <firstterm>iphash</firstterm>. If you want to use a different type
      of ipset, such as <firstterm>macipmap</firstterm>, then you will want to
      manually create that ipset yourself before the next Shorewall
      start/restart.</para>

      <para>The dynamic zone capability was added to Shorewall6 in Shorewall
      4.4.21.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="adding1">
      <title>Adding a Host to a Dynamic Zone</title>

      <para>Adding a host to a dynamic zone is accomplished by adding the
      host's IP address to the appropriate ipset. Shorewall provldes a command
      for doing that:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall add</command> <replaceable>interface:address
        ...</replaceable> <replaceable>zone</replaceable></para>
      </blockquote>

      <para>Example:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall add eth0:192.168.3.4 webok</command></para>
      </blockquote>

      <para>The command can only be used when the ipset involved is of type
      iphash. For other ipset types, the <command>ipset</command> command must
      be used directly.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="deleting">
      <title>Deleting a Host from a Dynamic Zone</title>

      <para>Deleting a host from a dynamic zone is accomplished by removing
      the host's IP address from the appropriate ipset. Shorewall provldes a
      command for doing that:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall delete</command>
        <replaceable>interface:address ...</replaceable>
        <replaceable>zone</replaceable></para>
      </blockquote>

      <para>Example:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall delete eth0:192.168.3.4
        webok</command></para>
      </blockquote>

      <para>The command can only be used when the ipset involved is of type
      iphash. For other ipset types, the <command>ipse t</command> command
      must be used directly.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="listing1">
      <title>Listing the Contents of a Dynamic Zone</title>

      <para>The shorewall show command may be used to list the current
      contents of a dynamic zone.</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><command>shorewall show dynamic</command>
        <replaceable>zone</replaceable></para>
      </blockquote>

      <para>Example:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <programlisting><command>shorewall show dynamic webok</command>
eth0:
   192.168.3.4
   192.168.3.9</programlisting>
      </blockquote>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="start-stop">
    <title>Dynamic Zone Contents and Shorewall stop/start/restart</title>

    <para>When SAVE_IPSETS=Yes in shorewall.conf, the contents of a dynamic
    zone survive <command>shorewall stop/shorewall start</command> and
    <command>shorewall restart</command>. During <command>shorewall
    stop</command>, the contents of the ipsets are saved in the file
    <filename>${VARDIR}/ipsets.save</filename> (usually
    <filename>/var/lib/shorewall/ipsets.save</filename>). During
    <command>shorewall start</command>, the contents of that file are restored
    to the sets. During both <command>shorewall start</command> and
    <command>shorewall restart</command>, any new ipsets required as a result
    of a configuration change are added.</para>
  </section>
</article>