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/************************************************************************
*
* Copyright (C) 2023-2025 IRCAD France
*
* This file is part of Sight.
*
* Sight is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* Sight is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with Sight. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
***********************************************************************/
#include "file.hpp"
#include "data/model_series.hpp"
#include "io/dicom/codec/nvjpeg2k.hpp"
#include <core/macros.hpp>
#include <core/progress/observer.hpp>
#include <data/fiducials_series.hpp>
#include <data/helper/medical_image.hpp>
#include <data/image_series.hpp>
#include <io/bitmap/writer.hpp>
#include <gdcmImageChangeTransferSyntax.h>
#include <gdcmImageWriter.h>
#include <filesystem>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
// cspell:ignore JPEGLS NEARLOSSLESS
namespace sight::io::dicom::writer
{
/// Decode image orientation / position
/// GDCM doesn't handle Enhanced US Volume (which is rather a complicated case)
/// see @link https://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part03/sect_C.8.24.2.html
inline static void compute_transform(
data::matrix4& _matrix,
const data::image_series& _image_series
)
{
// Use the image metadata as a lower priority
_matrix.set_position(_image_series.origin());
// Try also the magical field "direction"
///@todo remove this when we get rid of the direction "field" from medical image
if(const auto& direction_matrix = data::helper::medical_image::get_direction(_image_series); direction_matrix)
{
for(std::size_t i = 0 ; i < 3 ; ++i)
{
for(std::size_t j = 0 ; j < 3 ; ++j)
{
_matrix(i, j) = (*direction_matrix)(i, j);
}
}
}
// But DICOM metadata should have the highest priority !
if(_image_series.get_ultrasound_acquisition_geometry() == data::dicom::ultrasound_acquisition_geometry_t::apex)
{
// Try first the shared group
if(const auto& shared_orientation = _image_series.get_image_orientation_volume(std::nullopt);
shared_orientation.size() == 6)
{
_matrix.set_orientation(data::image_series::from_dicom_orientation(shared_orientation));
}
if(const auto& shared_position = _image_series.get_image_position_volume(std::nullopt);
shared_position.size() == 3)
{
_matrix.set_position(shared_position);
}
// Then the first frame from the per_frame group
if(const auto& frame_orientation = _image_series.get_image_orientation_volume(0);
frame_orientation.size() == 6)
{
_matrix.set_orientation(data::image_series::from_dicom_orientation(frame_orientation));
}
if(const auto& frame_position = _image_series.get_image_position_volume(0);
frame_position.size() == 3)
{
_matrix.set_position(frame_position);
}
}
else // data::dicom::ultrasound_acquisition_geometry_t::patient or unknown
{
// Try the shared group
if(const auto& shared_orientation = _image_series.get_image_orientation_patient(std::nullopt);
shared_orientation.size() == 6)
{
_matrix.set_orientation(data::image_series::from_dicom_orientation(shared_orientation));
}
if(const auto& shared_position = _image_series.get_image_position_patient(std::nullopt);
shared_position.size() == 3)
{
_matrix.set_position(shared_position);
}
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inline static void write_enhanced_us_volume(
const data::image_series& _image_series,
data::series& _series_copy,
const std::string& _filepath,
writer::file::transfer_syntax _transfer_syntax,
[[maybe_unused]] bool _force_cpu
)
{
data::matrix4 transform;
compute_transform(transform, _image_series);
if(_series_copy.get_ultrasound_acquisition_geometry()
== data::dicom::ultrasound_acquisition_geometry_t::unknown)
{
SIGHT_INFO(
"The Ultrasound Acquisition Geometry is unknown. "
"The default 'PATIENT' will be used."
);
_series_copy.set_ultrasound_acquisition_geometry(data::dicom::ultrasound_acquisition_geometry_t::patient);
}
if(_series_copy.get_ultrasound_acquisition_geometry()
== data::dicom::ultrasound_acquisition_geometry_t::patient
&& _series_copy.get_patient_frame_of_reference_source()
== data::dicom::patient_frame_of_reference_source_t::unknown)
{
SIGHT_INFO(
"The Patient Frame of Reference Source is unknown but Ultrasound Acquisition Geometry is `PATIENT`. "
"The default 'TABLE' will be used."
);
_series_copy.set_patient_frame_of_reference_source(
data::dicom::patient_frame_of_reference_source_t::table
);
}
if(_series_copy.get_ultrasound_acquisition_geometry()
== data::dicom::ultrasound_acquisition_geometry_t::apex
&& !_series_copy.get_volume_to_transducer_mapping_matrix())
{
SIGHT_INFO(
"The Volume to Transducer mapping is not present but Ultrasound Acquisition Geometry is `APEX`. "
"The mapping matrix will be set."
);
_series_copy.set_volume_to_transducer_mapping_matrix(transform);
}
if(_series_copy.get_patient_frame_of_reference_source()
== data::dicom::patient_frame_of_reference_source_t::table
&& !_series_copy.get_volume_to_table_mapping_matrix())
{
SIGHT_INFO(
"The Volume to Table mapping is not present but Patient Frame of Reference Source is 'TABLE'. "
"The mapping matrix will be set."
);
_series_copy.set_volume_to_table_mapping_matrix(transform);
}
if(_series_copy.get_dimension_organization_type()
== data::dicom::dimension_organization_t::unknown)
{
///@note TILED_SPARSE is not really documented in enhanced US volume, but before the volume is reconstructed
/// We need to tells that the slices may not be contiguous
SIGHT_INFO(
"The Dimension Organization Type is unknown. "
"The default 'TILED_SPARSE' will be used."
);
_series_copy.set_dimension_organization_type(
data::dicom::dimension_organization_t::tiled_sparse
);
}
// Now that the defaults are set, we can set the image position / orientation if missing and needed
if(_series_copy.get_ultrasound_acquisition_geometry()
== data::dicom::ultrasound_acquisition_geometry_t::apex)
{
// Orientation
if(_series_copy.get_image_orientation_volume(std::nullopt).size() != 6
&& _series_copy.get_image_orientation_volume(0).size() != 6)
{
// Orientation can be shared for all frames
// It won't overwrite the per-frame orientation
_series_copy.set_image_orientation_volume(
data::image_series::to_dicom_orientation(transform.orientation()),
std::nullopt
);
}
// Position
if(_series_copy.get_image_position_volume(std::nullopt).size() != 3
&& _series_copy.get_image_position_volume(0).size() != 3)
{
// Do it for each frames
// Use the sight image origin for the first frame
auto frame_position = transform.position<std::vector<double> >();
// Get z spacing
const auto z_spacing = _image_series.spacing()[2];
// We need to compute the frame position from image origin and z spacing
for(std::size_t frame = 0, end_index = _series_copy.num_frames() ;
frame < end_index ; ++frame)
{
SIGHT_WARN_IF(
"ImagePositionVolume for frame " + std::to_string(frame) + " will be overwritten",
_series_copy.get_image_position_volume(frame).size() == 3
);
_series_copy.set_image_position_volume(frame_position, frame);
frame_position[2] += z_spacing;
}
}
}
else
{
// Orientation
if(_series_copy.get_image_orientation_patient(std::nullopt).size() != 6
&& _series_copy.get_image_orientation_patient(0).size() != 6)
{
// Orientation can be shared for all frames
// It won't overwrite the per-frame orientation
_series_copy.set_image_orientation_patient(
data::image_series::to_dicom_orientation(transform.orientation()),
std::nullopt
);
}
// Position
if(_series_copy.get_image_position_patient(0).size() != 3)
{
// Do it for each frames
// Use the sight image origin for the first frame
auto frame_position = transform.position<std::vector<double> >();
// Get z spacing
const auto z_spacing = _image_series.spacing()[2];
// We need to compute the frame position from image origin and z spacing
for(std::size_t frame = 0, end_index = std::max(std::size_t(1), _image_series.size()[2]) ;
frame < end_index ; ++frame)
{
SIGHT_WARN_IF(
"ImagePositionPatient for frame " + std::to_string(frame) + " will be overwritten",
_series_copy.get_image_position_patient(frame).size() == 3
);
_series_copy.set_image_position_patient(frame_position, frame);
frame_position[2] += z_spacing;
}
}
}
// Create the writer
gdcm::ImageWriter writer;
writer.SetFileName(_filepath.c_str());
writer.GetFile().SetDataSet(_series_copy.get_data_set());
auto& gdcm_image = writer.GetImage();
// Set the dimension to 3. This magically allows to write multi-frame images.
// Or at least, they are saved and we can read them back.
gdcm_image.SetNumberOfDimensions(3);
// Set the image dimensions
const auto& image_sizes = _image_series.size();
const std::array<std::uint32_t, 3> dimensions {
std::uint32_t(image_sizes[0]),
std::uint32_t(image_sizes[1]),
std::uint32_t(image_sizes[2])
};
gdcm_image.SetDimensions(dimensions.data());
// This is not enough for Enhanced US Volume
// We still do it, just in case it will be managed correctly in the future
const auto& gdcm_direction = transform.orientation();
gdcm_image.SetDirectionCosines(gdcm_direction.data());
const auto& gdcm_origin = transform.position();
gdcm_image.SetOrigin(gdcm_origin.data());
// Pixel Format
switch(_image_series.type())
{
case core::type::INT8:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::INT8);
break;
case core::type::UINT8:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::UINT8);
break;
case core::type::INT16:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::INT16);
break;
case core::type::UINT16:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::UINT16);
break;
case core::type::INT32:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::INT32);
break;
case core::type::UINT32:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::UINT32);
break;
case core::type::INT64:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::INT64);
break;
case core::type::UINT64:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::UINT64);
break;
case core::type::FLOAT:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::FLOAT32);
break;
case core::type::DOUBLE:
gdcm_image.SetPixelFormat(gdcm::PixelFormat::FLOAT64);
break;
default:
SIGHT_THROW("Unsupported type: '" << _image_series.type().name() << "'");
}
// Photometric Interpretation
switch(_image_series.pixel_format())
{
case data::image::pixel_format_t::gray_scale:
gdcm_image.SetPhotometricInterpretation(gdcm::PhotometricInterpretation::MONOCHROME2);
gdcm_image.GetPixelFormat().SetSamplesPerPixel(1);
break;
case data::image::pixel_format_t::rgb:
gdcm_image.SetPhotometricInterpretation(gdcm::PhotometricInterpretation::RGB);
gdcm_image.GetPixelFormat().SetSamplesPerPixel(3);
break;
case data::image::pixel_format_t::rgba:
gdcm_image.SetPhotometricInterpretation(gdcm::PhotometricInterpretation::RGB);
gdcm_image.GetPixelFormat().SetSamplesPerPixel(4);
break;
default:
SIGHT_THROW("Unsupported pixel format: '" << _image_series.pixel_format() << "'");
}
// Planar Configuration is always 0 (R1G1B1 R2G2B2 ...)
gdcm_image.SetPlanarConfiguration(0);
// Spacing
gdcm_image.SetSpacing(_image_series.spacing().data());
// Dump the image data to GDCM
/// @note This seems to be sub-optimal as we are going to recompress the data in JPEG2000
/// @todo Find a way to avoid this double copying of possibly huge image data
const auto image_locked = _image_series.dump_lock();
const auto size_in_bytes = _image_series.size_in_bytes();
SIGHT_THROW_IF("Size in Bytes is greater than 4GB", _image_series.size_in_bytes() > 0xFFFFFFFF);
using pixel_data_t = data::dicom::attribute::Attribute<data::dicom::attribute::Keyword::PixelData>;
gdcm::DataElement pixeldata(gdcm::Tag(pixel_data_t::s_group, pixel_data_t::s_element));
pixeldata.SetByteValue(
reinterpret_cast<const char*>(_image_series.buffer()),
std::uint32_t(size_in_bytes)
);
gdcm_image.SetDataElement(pixeldata);
std::unique_ptr<codec::nvjpeg2k> nvjpeg2k_codec;
gdcm::ImageChangeTransferSyntax transfer_syntax_changer;
switch(_transfer_syntax)
{
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::raw:
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::ExplicitVRLittleEndian);
break;
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::rle:
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::RLELossless);
break;
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg:
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGBaselineProcess1);
break;
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg_lossless:
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGLosslessProcess14_1);
break;
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg_ls_nearlossless:
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGLSNearLossless);
break;
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg_ls_lossless:
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGLSLossless);
break;
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg_2000:
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEG2000);
break;
default:
{
if(_image_series.type().size() <= 2)
{
// Default is JPEG2000 lossless for 16 bits or less since jpeg2000 doesn't support more than 16 bits
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEG2000Lossless);
#ifdef SIGHT_ENABLE_NVJPEG2K
if(!_force_cpu)
{
SIGHT_THROW_IF(
"nvJPEG2000 is not available, but the support has been compiled in. "
"Check your nvJPEG2000 library installation",
!io::bitmap::nvjpeg2k()
);
nvjpeg2k_codec = std::make_unique<codec::nvjpeg2k>();
transfer_syntax_changer.SetUserCodec(nvjpeg2k_codec.get());
SIGHT_INFO("nvJPEG2000 will be used for JPEG2000 compression.");
}
else
{
SIGHT_WARN(
"nvJPEG2000 support is available, but OpenJPEG has been forced for JPEG2000 compression."
);
}
#else
SIGHT_INFO("OpenJPEG will be used for JPEG2000 compression.");
#endif
}
else
{
// For more thant 16 bits, we use RLE
transfer_syntax_changer.SetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::RLELossless);
SIGHT_WARN(
"The image has more than 16 bits per component. "
"RLE compression will be used instead of JPEG2000."
);
}
break;
}
}
// Final check for JPEG compression
switch(transfer_syntax_changer.GetTransferSyntax())
{
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGBaselineProcess1:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGExtendedProcess2_4:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGExtendedProcess3_5:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGSpectralSelectionProcess6_8:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGFullProgressionProcess10_12:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGLosslessProcess14:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGLosslessProcess14_1:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGLSLossless:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEGLSNearLossless:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEG2000Lossless:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEG2000:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEG2000Part2Lossless:
case gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEG2000Part2:
{
SIGHT_THROW_IF(
"JPEG compression doesn't support more than 16 nits per component.",
_image_series.type().size() > 2
);
break;
}
default:
break;
}
transfer_syntax_changer.SetInput(gdcm_image);
transfer_syntax_changer.Change();
// This is hackish, but the only way to get the correct Photometric Interpretation without having to deep copying
// the whole image. Anyway, this should have been done in gdcm::ImageChangeTransferSyntax.
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast)
auto& changed_gdcm_image = const_cast<gdcm::Image&>(transfer_syntax_changer.GetOutput());
// Correct the Photometric Interpretation (This avoid a warning when GDCM decodes back the image)
if(_image_series.pixel_format() == data::image::pixel_format_t::gray_scale)
{
// For grayscale, we must have MONOCHROME2
changed_gdcm_image.SetPhotometricInterpretation(gdcm::PhotometricInterpretation::MONOCHROME2);
changed_gdcm_image.GetPixelFormat().SetSamplesPerPixel(1);
}
else
{
switch(_transfer_syntax)
{
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg:
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg_ls_nearlossless:
changed_gdcm_image.SetPhotometricInterpretation(gdcm::PhotometricInterpretation::YBR_FULL_422);
break;
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg_2000:
changed_gdcm_image.SetPhotometricInterpretation(gdcm::PhotometricInterpretation::YBR_ICT);
break;
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::jpeg_2000_lossless:
case writer::file::transfer_syntax::sop_default:
changed_gdcm_image.SetPhotometricInterpretation(gdcm::PhotometricInterpretation::YBR_RCT);
break;
default:
// Nothing to do
break;
}
}
writer.SetImage(changed_gdcm_image);
// Finally write the file
SIGHT_THROW_IF(
"Failed to write the DICOM file '" + _filepath + "'.",
!writer.Write()
);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void write_spatial_fiducials(
const data::fiducials_series& _fiducials_series,
const std::filesystem::path& _image_path
)
{
gdcm::Writer writer;
std::filesystem::path folder = _image_path.parent_path();
std::string filename = _image_path.stem().string() + "_fiducials.dcm";
writer.SetFileName((folder / filename).string().c_str());
writer.GetFile().SetDataSet(_fiducials_series.get_data_set());
// Dummy value else GDCM complains. TransferSyntax shouldn't be required since Fiducials aren't an image.
writer.GetFile().GetHeader().SetDataSetTransferSyntax(gdcm::TransferSyntax::JPEG2000Lossless);
writer.Write();
}
/// Private Writer implementation
class file::writer_impl
{
public:
/// Delete default constructors and assignment operators
writer_impl(const writer_impl&) = delete;
writer_impl(writer_impl&&) = delete;
writer_impl& operator=(const writer_impl&) = delete;
writer_impl& operator=(writer_impl&&) = delete;
/// Constructor
explicit writer_impl(file* const _writer) noexcept :
m_writer(_writer)
{
}
/// Default destructor
~writer_impl() noexcept = default;
/// Pointer to the public interface
file* const m_writer;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[nodiscard]] bool cancel_requested() const noexcept
{
return m_progress && m_progress->cancel_requested();
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void progress(std::uint64_t _units) const
{
if(m_progress)
{
m_progress->done_work(_units);
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/// Allows to watch for cancellation and report progress.
core::progress::observer::sptr m_progress;
/// True to disable GPU codec
bool m_force_cpu {false};
/// The overriden transfer syntax
transfer_syntax m_transfer_syntax {transfer_syntax::sop_default};
};
file::file() :
core::location::single_folder(),
m_pimpl(std::make_unique<writer_impl>(this))
{
}
// Defining the destructor here, allows us to use PImpl with a unique_ptr
file::~file() noexcept = default;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void file::write(sight::core::progress::observer::sptr _progress)
{
SIGHT_ASSERT("Some work have already be reported.", _progress->get_done_work_units() == 0);
m_pimpl->m_progress = _progress;
m_pimpl->m_progress->set_total_work_units(100);
m_pimpl->m_progress->done_work(10);
// Get the destination folder
auto folder = get_folder();
if(folder.empty() && get_file().has_parent_path())
{
folder = get_file().parent_path();
}
if(!std::filesystem::exists(folder))
{
std::filesystem::create_directories(folder);
}
SIGHT_THROW_IF("The folder '" + folder.string() + "' is not a directory.", !std::filesystem::is_directory(folder));
// Retrieve the object to write
const auto& series_set = get_concrete_object();
// Compute progress for one step
const size_t progress_step = (100 - 20) / series_set->size();
// Compute the base name
const auto& file = get_file();
const bool prepend_index = file.empty() || series_set->size() > 1;
const auto& basename =
[&]
{
if(file.empty())
{
return extension();
}
if(prepend_index)
{
return "-" + file.filename().string();
}
return file.filename().string();
}();
// For each series..
for(std::size_t index = 0 ; const auto& series : *series_set)
{
if(m_pimpl->cancel_requested())
{
break;
}
const auto& filepath =
[&]
{
if(prepend_index)
{
std::stringstream ss;
ss << std::setw(3) << std::setfill('0') << index;
return folder / (ss.str() + basename);
}
return folder / basename;
}();
if(const auto& sop_keyword = series->get_sop_keyword();
sop_keyword == data::dicom::sop::Keyword::EnhancedUSVolumeStorage)
{
const auto& image_series = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<data::image_series>(series);
SIGHT_THROW_IF(
"The series '" + series->get_series_instance_uid() + "' is not an image series.",
!image_series
);
// Shallow copy the series (but not the pixel data !)
// This will allow to modify the GDCM DICOM context using series API to workaround some GDCM bugs or
// unimplemented features like the image origin for Enhanced US Volume
auto series_copy = std::make_shared<data::series>();
series_copy->shallow_copy(series);
write_enhanced_us_volume(
*image_series,
*series_copy,
filepath.string(),
m_pimpl->m_transfer_syntax,
m_pimpl->m_force_cpu
);
}
else
{
try
{
SIGHT_THROW(
"SOP Class '" << data::dicom::sop::get(sop_keyword).m_name << "' is not supported."
);
}
catch(const std::exception&)
{
SIGHT_THROW("SOP Class ID '" << int(sop_keyword) << "' is unknown.");
}
}
if(const auto& image_series = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<data::image_series>(series))
{
if(auto fiducials = image_series->get_fiducials(); !fiducials->get_fiducial_sets().empty())
{
// Make sure to include this field as it is necessary for creating a correct header for the DICOM file
if(fiducials->get_sop_instance_uid().empty())
{
fiducials->new_sop_instance();
}
write_spatial_fiducials(*fiducials, filepath);
}
}
else if(const auto& model_series = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<data::model_series>(series))
{
if(auto fiducials = model_series->get_fiducials(); !fiducials->get_fiducial_sets().empty())
{
// Make sure to include this field as it is necessary for creating a correct header for the DICOM file
if(fiducials->get_sop_instance_uid().empty())
{
fiducials->new_sop_instance();
}
write_spatial_fiducials(*fiducials, filepath);
}
}
m_pimpl->progress(progress_step);
++index;
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void file::force_cpu(bool _force)
{
m_pimpl->m_force_cpu = _force;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void file::set_transfer_syntax(file::transfer_syntax _transfer_syntax)
{
m_pimpl->m_transfer_syntax = _transfer_syntax;
}
} // namespace sight::io::dicom::writer
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