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<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>MB03FD - SLICOT Library Routine Documentation</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2><A Name="MB03FD">MB03FD</A></H2>
<H3>
Reducing a real 2-by-2 or 4-by-4 block (anti-)diagonal skew-Hamiltonian/Hamiltonian pencil to generalized Schur form and moving eigenvalues with negative real parts to the top
</H3>
<A HREF ="#Specification"><B>[Specification]</B></A>
<A HREF ="#Arguments"><B>[Arguments]</B></A>
<A HREF ="#Method"><B>[Method]</B></A>
<A HREF ="#References"><B>[References]</B></A>
<A HREF ="#Comments"><B>[Comments]</B></A>
<A HREF ="#Example"><B>[Example]</B></A>
<P>
<B><FONT SIZE="+1">Purpose</FONT></B>
<PRE>
To compute orthogonal matrices Q1 and Q2 for a real 2-by-2 or
4-by-4 regular pencil
( A11 0 ) ( 0 B12 )
aA - bB = a ( ) - b ( ), (1)
( 0 A22 ) ( B21 0 )
such that Q2' A Q1 is upper triangular, Q2' B Q1 is upper quasi-
triangular, and the eigenvalues with negative real parts (if there
are any) are allocated on the top. The notation M' denotes the
transpose of the matrix M. The submatrices A11, A22, and B12 are
upper triangular. If B21 is 2-by-2, then all the other blocks are
-1 -1
nonsingular and the product A11 B12 A22 B21 has a pair of
complex conjugate eigenvalues.
</PRE>
<A name="Specification"><B><FONT SIZE="+1">Specification</FONT></B></A>
<PRE>
SUBROUTINE MB03FD( N, PREC, A, LDA, B, LDB, Q1, LDQ1, Q2, LDQ2,
$ DWORK, LDWORK, INFO )
C .. Scalar Arguments ..
INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDB, LDQ1, LDQ2, LDWORK, N
DOUBLE PRECISION PREC
C .. Array Arguments ..
DOUBLE PRECISION A( LDA, * ), B( LDB, * ), DWORK( * ),
$ Q1( LDQ1, * ), Q2( LDQ2, * )
</PRE>
<A name="Arguments"><B><FONT SIZE="+1">Arguments</FONT></B></A>
<P>
</PRE>
<B>Input/Output Parameters</B>
<PRE>
N (input) INTEGER
The order of the input pencil, N = 2 or N = 4.
PREC (input) DOUBLE PRECISION
The machine precision, (relative machine precision)*base.
See the LAPACK Library routine DLAMCH.
A (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDA, N)
On entry, the leading N-by-N part of this array must
contain the matrix A of the pencil aA - bB.
If N = 2, the diagonal elements only are referenced.
On exit, if N = 4, the leading N-by-N part of this array
contains the transformed upper triangular matrix of the
generalized real Schur form of the pencil aA - bB.
If N = 2, this array is unchanged on exit.
LDA INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= N.
B (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB, N)
On entry, the leading N-by-N part of this array must
contain the matrix B of the pencil aA - bB.
If N = 2, the anti-diagonal elements only are referenced.
On exit, if N = 4, the leading N-by-N part of this array
contains the transformed real Schur matrix of the
generalized real Schur form of the pencil aA - bB.
If N = 2, this array is unchanged on exit.
LDB INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= N.
Q1 (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDQ1, N)
The leading N-by-N part of this array contains the first
orthogonal transformation matrix.
LDQ1 INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array Q1. LDQ1 >= N.
Q2 (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDQ2, N)
The leading N-by-N part of this array contains the second
orthogonal transformation matrix.
LDQ2 INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array Q2. LDQ2 >= N.
</PRE>
<B>Workspace</B>
<PRE>
DWORK DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDWORK)
If N = 2, then DWORK is not referenced.
LDWORK INTEGER
The dimension of the array DWORK.
If N = 4, then LDWORK >= 63. For good performance LDWORK
should be generally larger.
If N = 2, then LDWORK >= 0.
</PRE>
<B>Error Indicator</B>
<PRE>
INFO INTEGER
= 0: succesful exit;
= 1: the QZ iteration failed in the LAPACK routine DGGES;
= 2: another error occured during execution of DGGES.
</PRE>
<A name="Method"><B><FONT SIZE="+1">Method</FONT></B></A>
<PRE>
The algorithm uses orthogonal transformations as described on page
29 in [2].
</PRE>
<A name="References"><B><FONT SIZE="+1">References</FONT></B></A>
<PRE>
[1] Benner, P., Byers, R., Mehrmann, V. and Xu, H.
Numerical computation of deflating subspaces of skew-
Hamiltonian/Hamiltonian pencils.
SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 24 (1), pp. 165-190, 2002.
[2] Benner, P., Byers, R., Losse, P., Mehrmann, V. and Xu, H.
Numerical Solution of Real Skew-Hamiltonian/Hamiltonian
Eigenproblems.
Tech. Rep., Technical University Chemnitz, Germany,
Nov. 2007.
</PRE>
<A name="Numerical Aspects"><B><FONT SIZE="+1">Numerical Aspects</FONT></B></A>
<PRE>
The algorithm is numerically backward stable.
</PRE>
<A name="Comments"><B><FONT SIZE="+1">Further Comments</FONT></B></A>
<PRE>
None
</PRE>
<A name="Example"><B><FONT SIZE="+1">Example</FONT></B></A>
<P>
<B>Program Text</B>
<PRE>
None
</PRE>
<B>Program Data</B>
<PRE>
None
</PRE>
<B>Program Results</B>
<PRE>
None
</PRE>
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