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<CENTER><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF" SIZE=+3><B>Frequently Asked Questions</B></FONT></CENTER>
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<BR><BR><BR>

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<TD NOSAVE><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF"><FONT SIZE="+2">Table of contents</FONT></FONT></TD>
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<P>
<TABLE BORDER=0 >

<TR>
<TD><B>Q01:</B></TD> 
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q01">
Is it possible to have the complete <B>Eiffel source code of 
SmartEiffel</B>?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q02:</B></TD> 
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q02">
Is it possible to use SmartEiffel for <B>large/commercial applications</B>?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B>Q03:</B></TD> 
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q03">
Is it possible to do <B>incremental compilation</B> with SmartEiffel?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q04:</B></TD> 
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q04">
Is there a SmartEiffel <B>mailing list</B>?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q05:</B></TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q05">
What is the semantics (meaning) of a <B>manifest string</B>?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q06:</B></TD> 
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q06">
Is it difficult to switch from <B>ISE to SmartEiffel</B>?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q07:</B></TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q10">
Is it possible to use the <B>Boehm-Demers-Weiser garbage collector</B> with SmartEiffel?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q08:</B></TD> 
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q08">
Why don't you <B>post more messages</B> in newsgroups and/or mailing lists?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q09:</B></TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q09">
Is there a mechanism to <B>pre-compile</B> libraries?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q10:</B></TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q10">
<B>How is SmartEiffel compiled</B>?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q11:</B></TD> 
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q11">
<B>How do I keep informed</B> about SmartEiffel?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q12:</B><BR>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q12">
What <B>documentation</B> is provided with SmartEiffel? 
<BR>
Where can I find <B>Eiffel documentation</B>?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q13:</B></TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q13">
<B>How can I help </B>?</A>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q14:</B></TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q14">
Why don't you <B>change this and add that</B>?! It would be much
better/cooler/whatever !</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD><B>Q15:</B></TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q15">
How to customise the <B>Garbage Collector</B> for a new architecture?</TD>
</TR>


<TR>
<TD><B>Q16:</B></TD>
<TD><A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q16">
What is <B>SmallEiffel</B> compared to <B>SmartEiffel</B>? </TD>
</TR>


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<TD NOSAVE><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF"><FONT SIZE="+2">Questions and answers</FONT></FONT></TD>
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</TABLE>

<P>
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<TR>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q01"></A><B>Q01:</B></TD>

<TD>Is it possible to have the complete Eiffel <B>source code of SmartEiffel</B>?&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A01:</B></TD>

<TD>Since it is the GNU Eiffel Compiler, the complete source 
code of SmartEiffel is of course in the
distribution. The source code for additional libraries is also provided.</TD>
</TR>

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<TR>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q02"></A><B>Q02:</B></TD>

<TD>Is it possible to use SmartEiffel for <B>large/commercial applications</B>?&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A02:</B></TD>

<TD>It is indeed possible to use SmartEiffel for a large application. 
An Eiffel compiler is a really big project and SmartEiffel itself is fully
written in Eiffel. 
SmartEiffel is completely free and any private company can use 
SmartEiffel freely, and distribute (or sell) freely the
products made with it. 
They do not have to pay royalties. 
Also note that <B>only classes which are closely related to the 
compiler itself are under GPL</B> (actually, only the classes of directory 
<TT>SmartEiffel/tools</TT> and <TT>install.e</TT> are under GPL).
The other classes are <EM>not</EM> under GPL in order to let people completely
free (i.e. all classes of <TT>SmartEiffel/lib</TT>).
Always keep in mind that SmartEiffel doesn't come
with any warranty (please read the COPYING file in the distribution).
As explained in the header of non-GPL files, the only important thing
is to kept the header unaltered when the corresponding source file 
is provided in your product.
For extended support, donations as well as consulting, see 
<A HREF="support.html">here</A>.&nbsp;
</TD>
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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q03"></A><B>Q03:</B></TD>

<TD>Is it possible to do <B>incremental compilation</B> with SmartEiffel?&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A03:</B></TD>

<TD>Because of the SmartEiffel type inference mechanism,
SmartEiffel always produces all needed C files from scratch. As old C files
are automatically saved, only modified C files are recompiled. 
See <TT><A HREF="compile.html">man/compile</A></TT> for details.&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q04"></A><B>Q04:</B></TD>

<TD>Is there a SmartEiffel <B>mailing list</B>?</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A04:</B></TD>

<TD>Yes! SmartEiffel users and developers can share their experiences
and ideas by subscribing to the
<A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/support/mailing-list.html">SmartEiffel official mailing list</A>.
</TD>
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<TR>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q05"></A><B>Q05:</B></TD>

<TD>What is the semantics (meaning) of a <B>manifest string</B>?&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A05:</B></TD>

<TD>
Bertrand Meyer clearly explains the semantics of manifest strings in
section 18.5 on page 653 (and previous sections for background) of
Object-Oriented Software Construction (Second Edition).  A manifest string
expression (in declaration) is not a constant but a reference to a shared
object.  A variable initialised with a manifest string is equivalent to a
once function, so the string may change! For example:
<BR>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Message: STRING is "abc"</TT><BR>
<BR>
is equivalent to
<BR>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Message: STRING is</TT>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;once</TT>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;!!Result.make (3)</TT>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Result.append_character ('a')</TT>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Result.append_character ('b')</TT>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Result.append_character ('c')</TT>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end</TT><BR>
<BR>
SmartEiffel implements manifest strings in this way.
<BR>
<BR>
Be aware that manifest string expression may be written in two ways:
<BR>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;str := "abc"</TT><BR>
This is the standard manifest string expression.
<BR>
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;str := once "abc"</TT><BR>
This is the once manifest string expression.
<BR>
In the first case, <B>new string is allocated</B> each time the line is
executed. In the second case you've got a once result like in declaration
described above, so the string may have changed.
See <A HREF="compile_to_c.html">man/compile_to_c</A> for the flag
-manifest_string_trace which help finding memory leaks from non-once manifest
strings.
</TD>
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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q06"></A><B>Q06:</B></TD>

<TD>Is it difficult to switch from <B>ISE to SmartEiffel</B>?&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A06:</B></TD>

<TD>If your original ISE software only uses simple types like INTEGER,
STRING, ARRAY, BOOLEAN, CHARACTER and DOUBLE, it is usually very simple.
It is a little bit difficult for simple input/output (used with predefined
<EM>io</EM>) because some features have different names. If your original software
heavily relies on the EiffelBase library, it may be very difficult. For
example, one must keep in mind that SmartEiffel.ARRAY inherit SmartEiffel.COLLECTION
and that ISE library also have a class COLLECTION. By the way, subclasses
of ISE.COLLECTION cannot be used. The ISE.LINKED_LIST can be used in conjunction
with SmartEiffel.ARRAY because ISE.LINKED_LIST do not inherit ISE.COLLECTION
(no clash).&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q07"></A><B>Q07:</B></TD>

<TD>Is it possible to use the <B>Boehm-Demers-Weiser garbage collector</B> 
with SmartEiffel?&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A07:</B></TD>
<TD>Yes. 
<BR>You just have to disable the generation of the GC by SmartEiffel
(option <IT>-no_gc</IT>) and replace it by the BDW library.
Note that the BDW GC 
can be easily added because SmartEiffel only uses malloc/realloc/calloc.
<BR>You can download the BDW library from :&nbsp;
<DL COMPACT>
<DD>
<A HREF="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/">http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc</A>&nbsp;</DD>
</DL>
How to integrate the Boehm-Demers-Weiser garbage collector 
with SmartEiffel (from a message of Dietmar Wolz) :&nbsp;
<OL>
<LI>
Make the <TT>gc.a</TT> file from the BDW package.
Then move this <TT>gc.a</TT> file to <TT>/usr/lib/libgc.a</TT>.
&nbsp;</LI>

<LI>
Move <TT>gc.h</TT> the to working directory and add the 
following lines:&nbsp;</LI>

<BR><TT>#define malloc(n) GC_malloc(n)&nbsp;</TT>
<BR><TT>#define calloc(m,n) GC_malloc((m)*(n))&nbsp;</TT>
<BR><TT>#define realloc(p,n) GC_realloc((p),(n))&nbsp;</TT>
<BR><TT>#define free(p) GC_free(p)&nbsp;</TT>
<LI>
instead of calling&nbsp;</LI>

<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "compile -o executable -boost -O root"&nbsp;</TT>
<BR>now call &nbsp;
<BR><TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "compile -o executable -boost -O root -no_gc -lgc -include
gc.h"&nbsp;</TT></OL>
</TD>
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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q08"></A><B>Q08:</B></TD>

<TD>Why don't you <B>post more messages</B> in newsgroups and/or mailing lists?</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A08:</B></TD>

<TD>First, because we strongly believe that too much information kills information. 
Scientists call this "cognitive overload". :)<BR>
Second, because we don't have the time. It takes an awful amount of time to follow 
discussions, whatever their quality. We try to do that. But it's even more 
time-consuming to be part of them. So, we often have to choose between 
posting/mailing, and working directly on SmartEiffel. Since our mailboxes tend 
to overflood, we generally choose the latter :)
</TD>
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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q09"></A><B>Q09:</B></TD>

<TD>Is there a mechanism to <B>pre-compile</B> libraries?</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A09:</B></TD>
<TD>No, there is no such mechanism in SmartEiffel. But if you're concerned 
about compilation speed, don't worry, pre-computed libraries are not the only way to be fast ! 
Just try SmartEiffel, and you'll see :) 
</TD>
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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q10"></A><B>Q10:</B></TD>

<TD><B>How is SmartEiffel compiled</B>?</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A10:</B></TD>
<TD>With Eiffel optimisation options -boost and -no_gc. The garbage collector is
indeed useless on the SmartEiffel commands: since 
SmartEiffel did not include a GC in its first versions, we were very careful
about memory when we developed it. <BR>
With C compilation optimisations turned on (it depends on the C compiler used; 
we generally use gcc).<BR>
The resulting executables are stripped.
</TD>
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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q11"></A><B>Q11:</B></TD>

<TD><B>How do I keep well informed</B> about SmartEiffel?</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A11:</B></TD>
<TD>The best way is to keep an eye on our web pages,  
more especially on the <A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/general/whatsnew.html">What's New? page</A>
and the <A HREF="miscHISTORY.html">History of Changes</A>.
<BR>
People who want detailed information may also decide to stay tuned to 
<A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/support/mailing-list.html">the SmartEiffel mailing-list</A> or
even look at the <A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/support/bug_report.html">bug-tracking system</A>.
</TD>
</TR>

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<TR>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q12"></A><B>Q12:</B></TD>

<TD>
What <B>documentation</B> is provided with SmartEiffel? 
<BR>
Where can I find <B>Eiffel documentation</B>?
</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A12:</B></TD>
<TD>The documentation provided with SmartEiffel is a transcript of what 
you can find on the original SmartEiffel Web site, at 
<A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr">http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr</A>.
It is related only to the use and internals of SmartEiffel (yes, 
we know we still have to improve it ;) ).
<BR>
For information and documentation about the Eiffel language, check 
the links on our 
<A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/general/resources.html"> Internet resources page</A>.
Note that we are not aware of any complete Eiffel language manual 
freely available on the Web (yet?). 
</TD>
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<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q13"></A><B>Q13:</B></TD>

<TD>
<B>How can I help </B>?
</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A13:</B></TD>
<TD>
The best way to help SmartEiffel and its users is probably to <B>pick up
some area you're interested in, and develop</B> with SmartEiffel your own library,
application, tool, extension, etc., releasing it to other
users.
<BR>
To avoid duplicate efforts, we suggest you have a look to 
<A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/general/repository.html">what other people are already doing 
around SmartEiffel</A> and help them if something 
that's of interest to you is already under work.
There are actually very good things in there, some we were not even
aware of, when they were under development ! :) 
<BR>
You may have a look to the <A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/papers/future.html">future plans</A>
and have a look into the bugs database (access via the <A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/support/bug_report.html">bug report page</A> on the SmartEiffel web site.
<BR>
Finally, you may also consider funding the development of particular
features you would like to have.
<BR>
Another very good way to help us is to follow the 
<A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/support/bug_report.html">bug report guidelines</A> when you
find some problem with SmartEiffel :))
</TD>
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<TR>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q14"></A><B>Q14:</B></TD>

<TD>
Why don't you <B>change this and add that</B>?! It would be much
better/cooler/whatever !
</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A14:</B></TD>
<TD>
People must understand that we can't always do everything. We simply
can't. Because we don't have the time. Whether we like it or not, we
also have other things to do than provide free stuff, modify our
compiler and/or libraries to please everybody. We do as much as we
can, but we don't do miracles, sorry.
<BR>
Since SmartEiffel is free of charge and open-source, people who do
need things we don't provide can always implement them and have them
benefit everybody. A good way to do this is to start working on it,
and ask other people (i.e. not the SmartEiffel team ;) ) to join and
help. See the <A HREF="SmartEiffelFAQ.html#Q13">"How can I help?" question</A>.
<BR>
Alternatively, someone or some company who does need us to implement
something may always consider funding a bit the development of
SmartEiffel... After all, we've even heard that some people were
selling software and making a bit of money with it... ;))) 
</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q15"></A><B>Q15:</B></TD>

<TD>
How to customise the <B>Garbage Collector</B> for a new architecture?
</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A15:</B></TD>
<TD>
If your architecture need special handling to get the GC working
(because the stack is not contiguous, because some registers are not
written on the stack on `setjmp'...) then you need to implement function
`mark_stack_and_registers' for your system in the file
<TT>SmartEiffel/sys/runtime/c/gc_lib.c</TT>.
<BR>

If you get some message telling you that the stack direction is wrong, then
you should change macro definition to use the other generic code
(there is one generic code for each stack order).
<BR>

In order to check the GC, you should be able to run all files of 
the <TT>SmartEiffel/misc/benchmarks/gc</TT> directory.
</TD>
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<TR>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><A NAME="Q16"></A><B>Q16:</B></TD>

<TD>What is <B>SmallEiffel</B> compared to <B>SmartEiffel</B>?</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><B>A16:</B></TD>
<TD> Sma<B>ll</B>Eiffel is the former name of the Sma<B>rt</B>Eiffel
project. We changed because we thought the compiler had become smart 
enough ;) For a list of changes between the last version of
SmallEiffel and the first one of SmartEiffel, have a look 
<A HREF="http://SmartEiffel.loria.fr/misc/HISTORY.html#1.0">
there</A>.

</TD>
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<CENTER><IMG SRC="se-line.gif" ALT="[Line]" ></CENTER>

<CENTER><I><FONT SIZE=-1>Copyright &copy; Dominique COLNET and Suzanne
COLLIN - <A HREF="mailto:SmartEiffel@loria.fr">&lt;SmartEiffel@loria.fr></A><BR>
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Last modified: Mon May  5 10:45:51 CEST 2003
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