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<h1 id="odbc-backend-reference">ODBC Backend Reference</h1>
<p>SOCI backend for accessing variety of databases via ODBC API.</p>
<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
<h3 id="supported-versions">Supported Versions</h3>
<p>The SOCI ODBC backend is supported for use with ODBC 3.</p>
<h3 id="tested-platforms">Tested Platforms</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ODBC</th>
<th>OS</th>
<th>Compiler</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Linux (Ubuntu 12.04)</td>
<td>g++ 4.6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Linux (Ubuntu 12.04)</td>
<td>clang 3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3.8</td>
<td>Windows 8</td>
<td>Visual Studio 2012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Windows 7</td>
<td>Visual Studio 2010</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Windows XP</td>
<td>Visual Studio 2005 (express)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Windows XP</td>
<td>Visual C++ 8.0 Professional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Windows XP</td>
<td>g++ 3.3.4 (Cygwin)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3 (unixodbc 2.3.6)</td>
<td>macOS High Sierra 10.13.5</td>
<td>AppleClang 9.1.0.9020039</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="required-client-libraries">Required Client Libraries</h3>
<p>The SOCI ODBC backend requires the ODBC client library.</p>
<h2 id="connecting-to-the-database">Connecting to the Database</h2>
<p>To establish a connection to the ODBC database, create a Session object using the <code>ODBC</code> backend factory together with a connection string:</p>
<pre><code class="language-cpp">backend_factory const&amp; backEnd = odbc;
session sql(backEnd, "filedsn=c:\\my.dsn");
</code></pre>
<p>or simply:</p>
<pre><code class="language-cpp">session sql(odbc, "filedsn=c:\\my.dsn");
</code></pre>
<p>The set of parameters used in the connection string for ODBC is the same as accepted by the <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/odbcsql/od_odbc_d_4x4k.asp">SQLDriverConnect</a> function from the ODBC library.</p>
<p>Once you have created a <code>session</code> object as shown above, you can use it to access the database, for example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-cpp">int count;
sql << "select count(*) from invoices", into(count);
</code></pre>
<p>(See the <a href="../../connections/">connection</a> and <a href="../../binding/">data binding</a> documentation for general information on using the <code>session</code> class.)</p>
<h2 id="soci-feature-support">SOCI Feature Support</h2>
<h3 id="dynamic-binding">Dynamic Binding</h3>
<p>The ODBC backend supports the use of the SOCI <code>row</code> class, which facilitates retrieval of data whose type is not known at compile time.</p>
<p>When calling <code>row::get<T>()</code>, the type you should pass as T depends upon the underlying database type.
For the ODBC backend, this type mapping is:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ODBC Data Type</th>
<th>SOCI Data Type (<code>data_type</code>)</th>
<th><code>row::get<T></code> specializations</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>SQL_DOUBLE, SQL_DECIMAL, SQL_REAL, SQL_FLOAT, SQL_NUMERIC</td>
<td>dt_double</td>
<td>double</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_TINYINT, SQL_SMALLINT, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_BIGINT</td>
<td>dt_integer</td>
<td>int</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR</td>
<td>dt_string</td>
<td>std::string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_TYPE_DATE, SQL_TYPE_TIME, SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP</td>
<td>dt_date</td>
<td>std::tm</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ODBC Data Type</th>
<th>SOCI Data Type (<code>db_type</code>)</th>
<th><code>row::get<T></code> specializations</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>SQL_DOUBLE, SQL_DECIMAL, SQL_REAL, SQL_FLOAT, SQL_NUMERIC</td>
<td>db_double</td>
<td>double</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_TINYINT</td>
<td>db_int8</td>
<td>int8_t</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_SMALLINT</td>
<td>db_int16</td>
<td>int16_t</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_INTEGER</td>
<td>db_int32</td>
<td>int32_t</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_BIGINT</td>
<td>db_int64</td>
<td>int64_t</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR</td>
<td>db_string</td>
<td>std::string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_WCHAR, SQL_WVARCHAR, SQL_WLONGVARCHAR</td>
<td>db_wstring</td>
<td>std::wstring</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SQL_TYPE_DATE, SQL_TYPE_TIME, SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP</td>
<td>db_date</td>
<td>std::tm</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Not all ODBC drivers support all datatypes.
Columns having the attribute <code>unsigned</code> get mapped to their corresponding <code>db_uint[n]</code> and <code>uint[n]_t</code> types.</p>
<p>Note that SQL Server <code>TINYINT</code> columns don't support negative values (i.e. always behave as <code>unsigned</code>), please use <code>SMALLINT</code> if you need to store small negative integer values instead.</p>
<p>(See the <a href="../../types/#dynamic-binding">dynamic resultset binding</a> documentation for general information on using the <code>row</code> class.)</p>
<h3 id="binding-by-name">Binding by Name</h3>
<p>In addition to <a href="../../binding/#binding-by-position">binding by position</a>, the ODBC backend supports <a href="../../binding/#binding-by-name">binding by name</a>, via an overload of the <code>use()</code> function:</p>
<pre><code class="language-cpp">int id = 7;
sql << "select name from person where id = :id", use(id, "id")
</code></pre>
<p>Apart from the portable "colon-name" syntax above, which is achieved by rewriting the query string, the backend also supports the ODBC ? syntax:</p>
<pre><code class="language-cpp">int i = 7;
int j = 8;
sql << "insert into t(x, y) values(?, ?)", use(i), use(j);
</code></pre>
<h3 id="bulk-operations">Bulk Operations</h3>
<p>The ODBC backend has support for SOCI's <a href="../../binding/#bulk-operations">bulk operations</a> interface. Not all ODBC drivers support bulk operations, the following is a list of some tested backends:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ODBC Driver</th>
<th>Bulk Read</th>
<th>Bulk Insert</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>MS SQL Server 2005</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>YES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS Access 2003</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>NO</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PostgresQL 8.1</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>YES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MySQL 4.1</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>NO</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="transactions">Transactions</h3>
<p><a href="../../transactions/">Transactions</a> are also fully supported by the ODBC backend, provided that they are supported by the underlying database.</p>
<h3 id="blob-data-type">BLOB Data Type</h3>
<p>Not currently supported.</p>
<h3 id="rowid-data-type">RowID Data Type</h3>
<p>Not currently supported.</p>
<h3 id="nested-statements">Nested Statements</h3>
<p>Not currently supported.</p>
<h3 id="stored-procedures">Stored Procedures</h3>
<p>Not currently supported.</p>
<h2 id="native-api-access">Native API Access</h2>
<p>SOCI provides access to underlying datbabase APIs via several getBackEnd() functions, as described in the <a href="../../beyond/">beyond SOCI</a> documentation.</p>
<p>The ODBC backend provides the following concrete classes for navite API access:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Accessor Function</th>
<th>Concrete Class</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>session_backend* session::get_backend()</td>
<td>odbc_session_backend</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>statement_backend* statement::get_backend()</td>
<td>odbc_statement_backend</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rowid_backend* rowid::get_backend()</td>
<td>odbc_rowid_backend</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="backend-specific-extensions">Backend-specific extensions</h2>
<h3 id="odbc_soci_error">odbc_soci_error</h3>
<p>The ODBC backend can throw instances of class <code>odbc_soci_error</code>, which is publicly derived from <code>soci_error</code> and has additional public members containing the ODBC error code, the Native database error code, and the message returned from ODBC:</p>
<pre><code class="language-cpp">int main()
{
try
{
// regular code
}
catch (soci::odbc_soci_error const&amp; e)
{
cerr << "ODBC Error Code: " << e.odbc_error_code() << endl
<< "Native Error Code: " << e.native_error_code() << endl
<< "SOCI Message: " << e.what() << std::endl
<< "ODBC Message: " << e.odbc_error_message() << endl;
}
catch (exception const &amp;e)
{
cerr << "Some other error: " << e.what() << endl;
}
}
</code></pre>
<h3 id="get_connection_string">get_connection_string()</h3>
<p>The <code>odbc_session_backend</code> class provides <code>std::string get_connection_string() const</code> method
that returns fully expanded connection string as returned by the <code>SQLDriverConnect</code> function.</p>
<h2 id="configuration-options">Configuration options</h2>
<p>This backend supports <code>odbc_option_driver_complete</code> option which can be passed to it via <code>connection_parameters</code> class. The value of this option is passed to <code>SQLDriverConnect()</code> function as "driver completion" parameter and so must be one of <code>SQL_DRIVER_XXX</code> values, in the string form. The default value of this option is <code>SQL_DRIVER_PROMPT</code> meaning that the driver will query the user for the user name and/or the password if they are not stored together with the connection. If this is undesirable for some reason, you can use <code>SQL_DRIVER_NOPROMPT</code> value for this option to suppress showing the message box:</p>
<pre><code class="language-cpp">connection_parameters parameters("odbc", "DSN=mydb");
parameters.set_option(odbc_option_driver_complete, "0" /* SQL_DRIVER_NOPROMPT */);
session sql(parameters);
</code></pre></div>
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