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<P>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E9E20" >Appendix F Scalar Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E125" >String Functions</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E126" >Numeric Functions</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E127" >Time and Date Functions</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E128" >System Functions</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E129" >Explicit Data Type Conversion</A></UL></UL>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<A NAME="E9E20"></A>
<H1>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>APPENDIX F SCALAR FUNCTIONS</B><A NAME="I2"></A></FONT></H1>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>ODBC specifies five types of scalar functions:<A NAME="I3"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>String functions<A NAME="I4"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Numeric functions<A NAME="I5"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Time and date functions<A NAME="I6"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>System functions<A NAME="I7"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Data type conversion functions<A NAME="I8"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE></UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The following sections list functions by function type. Descriptions include associated syntax.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="E10E125"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>String Functions</B><A NAME="I9"></A><A NAME="I10"></A><A NAME="I11"></A></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The following table lists string manipulation functions.<A NAME="I12"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Character string literals used as arguments to scalar functions must be bounded by single quotes.
</BLOCKQUOTE><A NAME="I13"></A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>string_exp</I> can be the name of a column, a string literal, or the result of another scalar function, where the underlying data type can be represented as SQL_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR, or SQL_LONGVARCHAR.<A NAME="I14"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>start</I>, <I>length</I> or <I>count</I> can be a numeric literal or the result of another scalar function, where the underlying data type can be represented as SQL_TINYINT, SQL_SMALLINT, or SQL_INTEGER.<A NAME="I15"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The string functions listed here are 1-based, that is, the first character in the string is character 1.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE WIDTH=800 >
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>Function</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3404"></A>
<P>Description</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>ASCII(string_exp)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3405"></A>
<P>Returns the ASCII code value of the leftmost character of string_exp as an integer.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>CHAR(code)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3406"></A>
<P>Returns the character that has the ASCII code value specified by code. The value of code should be between 0 and 255; otherwise, the return value is data source&#150;dependent.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>CONCAT(string_exp1, string_exp2)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3407"></A>
<P>Returns a character string that is the result of concatenating string_exp2 to string_exp1. If the column represented by string_exp1 or string_exp2 contained a NULL value, SOLID Server returns NULL.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>INSERT(string_exp1, start, length, string_exp2)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3408"></A>
<P>Returns a character string where length characters have been deleted from string_exp1 beginning at start and where string_exp2 has been inserted into string_exp, beginning at start.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>LCASE(string_exp)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3409"></A>
<P>Converts all upper case characters in string_exp to lower case.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>LEFT(string_exp, count)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3410"></A>
<P>Returns the leftmost count of characters of string_exp.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>LENGTH(string_exp)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3411"></A>
<P>Returns the number of characters in string_exp, excluding trailing blanks and the string termination character.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>LOCATE(string_exp1, string_exp2[, start])
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3412"></A>
<P>Returns the starting position of the first occurrence of string_exp1 within string_exp2. The search for the first occurrence of string_exp1 begins with the first character position in string_exp2 unless the optional argument, start, is specified. If start is specified, the search begins with the character position indicated by the value of start. The first character position in string_exp2 is indicated by the value 1. If string_exp1 is not found within string_exp2, the value 0 is returned.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>LTRIM(string_exp)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3413"></A>
<P>Returns the characters of string_exp, with leading blanks removed.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>REPEAT(string_exp,count)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3414"></A>
<P>Returns a character string composed of string_exp repeated count times.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>REPLACE(string_exp1, string_exp2, string_exp3)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3415"></A>
<P>Replaces all occurrences of string_exp2 in string_exp1 with string_exp3.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>RIGHT(string_exp, count)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3416"></A>
<P>Returns the rightmost count of characters of string_exp.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>RTRIM(string_exp)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3417"></A>
<P>Returns the characters of string_exp with trailing blanks removed.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SPACE(count)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3418"></A>
<P>Returns a character string consisting of count spaces.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SUBSTRING(string_exp, start, length)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3419"></A>
<P>Returns a character string that is derived from string_exp beginning at the character position specified by start for length characters.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=251 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>UCASE(string_exp)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=204 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3420"></A>
<P>Converts all lower case characters in string_exp to upper case.</TD></TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="E10E126"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Numeric Functions</B><A NAME="I16"></A><A NAME="I17"></A><A NAME="I18"></A><A NAME="I19"></A><A NAME="I20"></A></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The following table describes numeric functions that are included in the ODBC scalar function set.<A NAME="I21"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>numeric_exp</I> can be the name of a column, the result of another scalar function, or a numeric literal, where the underlying data type could be represented as SQL_NUMERIC, SQL_DECIMAL, SQL_TINYINT, SQL_SMALLINT, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_BIGINT, SQL_FLOAT, SQL_REAL, or SQL_DOUBLE.<A NAME="I22"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>float_exp</I> can be the name of a column, the result of another scalar function, or a numeric literal, where the underlying data type can be represented as SQL_FLOAT.<A NAME="I23"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>integer_exp</I> can be the name of a column, the result of another scalar function, or a numeric literal, where the underlying data type can be represented as SQL_TINYINT, SQL_SMALLINT, SQL_INTEGER, or SQL_BIGINT.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE WIDTH=800 >
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>Function</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3421"></A>
<P>Description</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>ABS(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3422"></A>
<P>Returns the absolute value of <I>numeric_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>ACOS(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3423"></A>
<P>Returns the arccosine of <I>float_exp</I> as an angle, expressed in radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>ASIN(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3424"></A>
<P>Returns the arcsine of <I>float_exp</I> as an angle, expressed in radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>ATAN(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3425"></A>
<P>Returns the arctangent of <I>float_exp</I> as an angle, expressed in radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>ATAN2(</B><I>float_exp1</I><B>,</B><B><I> </I></B><I>float_exp2</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3426"></A>
<P>Returns the arctangent of the x and y coordinates, specified by <I>float_exp1</I> and <I>float_exp2</I>, respectively, as an angle, expressed in radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>CEILING(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3427"></A>
<P>Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to<I> numeric_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>COS(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3428"></A>
<P>Returns the cosine of <I>float_exp, </I>where<I> float_exp</I> is an angle expressed in radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>COT(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3429"></A>
<P>Returns the cotangent of <I>float_exp,</I> where <I>float_exp </I>is an angle expressed in radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>DEGREES(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3430"></A>
<P>Returns the number of degrees converted from <I>numeric_exp</I> radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>EXP(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3431"></A>
<P>Returns the exponential value of <I>float_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>FLOOR(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3432"></A>
<P>Returns largest integer less than or equal to <I>numeric_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>LOG(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3433"></A>
<P>Returns the natural logarithm of <I>float_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>LOG10(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3434"></A>
<P>Returns the base 10 logarithm of <I>float_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>MOD(</B><I>integer_exp1</I><B>, </B><I>integer_exp2</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3435"></A>
<P>Returns the remainder (modulus) of <I>integer_exp1</I> divided by <I>integer_exp2</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>PI( )</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3436"></A>
<P>Returns the constant value of pi as a floating point value.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>POWER(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>, </B><I>integer_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3437"></A>
<P>Returns the value of <I>numeric_exp</I> to the power of <I>integer_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>RADIANS(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3438"></A>
<P>Returns the number of radians converted from <I>numeric_exp</I> degrees.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>ROUND(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>, </B><I>integer_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3439"></A>
<P>Returns <I>numeric_exp</I> rounded to <I>integer_exp</I> places right of the decimal point. If <I>integer_exp</I> is negative, <I>numeric_exp</I> is rounded to |<I>integer_exp</I>| places to the left of the decimal point.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>SIGN(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3440"></A>
<P>Returns an indicator or the sign of <I>numeric_exp</I>. If <I>numeric_exp</I> is less than zero, &#150;1 is returned. If <I>numeric_exp</I> equals zero, 0 is returned. If <I>numeric_exp</I> is greater than zero, 1 is returned.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>SIN(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3441"></A>
<P>Returns the sine of <I>float_exp,</I> where f<I>loat_exp</I> is an angle expressed in radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>SQRT(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3442"></A>
<P>Returns the square root of <I>float_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>TAN(</B><I>float_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3443"></A>
<P>Returns the tangent of <I>float_exp,</I> where<I> float</I><I>_</I><I>exp</I><I> </I>is an angle expressed in radians.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>TRUNCATE(</B><I>numeric_exp</I><B>, </B><I>integer_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3444"></A>
<P>Returns <I>numeric_exp</I> truncated to <I>integer_exp</I> places right of the decimal point. If <I>integer_exp</I> is negative, <I>numeric_exp</I> is truncated to |<I>integer_exp</I>| places to the left of the decimal point.</TD></TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="E10E127"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Time and Date Functions</B><A NAME="I24"></A><A NAME="I25"></A><A NAME="I26"></A><A NAME="I27"></A><A NAME="I28"></A><A NAME="I29"></A><A NAME="I30"></A><A NAME="I31"></A></FONT></H2>
<A NAME="I32"></A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The following table lists time and date functions that are included in the ODBC scalar function set.<A NAME="I33"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>timestamp_exp</I> can be the name of a column, the result of another scalar function, or a time, date, or timestamp literal, where the underlying data type could be represented as SQL_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR, SQL_TIME, SQL_DATE, or SQL_TIMESTAMP.<A NAME="I34"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>date_exp</I> can be the name of a column, the result of another scalar function, or a date or timestamp literal, where the underlying data type could be represented as SQL_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR, SQL_DATE, or SQL_TIMESTAMP.<A NAME="I35"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>time_exp</I> can be the name of a column, the result of another scalar function, or a time or timestamp literal, where the underlying data type could be represented as SQL_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR, SQL_TIME, or SQL_TIMESTAMP.<A NAME="I36"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Values returned are represented as ODBC data types.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE WIDTH=800 >
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>Function</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3445"></A>
<P>Description</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>CURDATE( )</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3446"></A>
<P>Returns the current date as a date value.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>CURTIME( )</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3447"></A>
<P>Returns the current local time as a time value.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>DAYNAME(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3448"></A>
<P>Returns a character string containing the data source&#150;specific name of the day (for example, Sunday, through Saturday or Sun. through Sat. for a data source that uses English, or Sonntag through Samstag for a data source that uses German) for the day portion of <I>date_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>DAYOFMONTH(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3449"></A>
<P>Returns the day of the month in <I>date_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 1&#150;31.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>DAYOFWEEK(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3450"></A>
<P>Returns the day to the week in <I>date_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 1&#150;7, where 1 represents Sunday.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>DAYOFYEAR(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3451"></A>
<P>Returns the day of the year in <I>date_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 1&#150;366.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>HOUR(</B><I>time_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3452"></A>
<P>Returns the hour in <I>time_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 0 &#150;23.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>MINUTE(</B><I>time_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3453"></A>
<P>Returns the minute in <I>time_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 0 &#150;59.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>MONTH(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3454"></A>
<P>Returns the month in <I>date_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 1&#150;12.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>MONTHNAME(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3455"></A>
<P>Returns a character string containing the data source&#150;specific name of the month (for example, January throughDecember or Jan. through Dec. for a data source that uses English, or Januar through Dezember for a data source that uses German) for the month portion of <I>date_exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>NOW( )</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3456"></A>
<P>Returns current date and time as a timestamp value.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>QUARTER(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3457"></A>
<P>Returns the quarter in <I>date_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 1&#150; 4, where 1 represents January 1 through March 31.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>SECOND(</B><I>time_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3458"></A>
<P>Returns the second in <I>time_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 0 &#150;59.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>TIMESTAMPADD(</B><I>interval</I><B>, </B><I>integer_exp</I><B>, </B><I>timestamp_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3459"></A>
<P>Returns the timestamp calculated by adding <I>integer_exp</I> intervals of type <I>interval</I> to <I>timestamp_exp</I>. Valid values of <I>interval</I> are the following keywords:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_TSI_FRAC_SECOND
<BR>SQL_TSI_SECOND
<BR>SQL_TSI_MINUTE
<BR>SQL_TSI_HOUR
<BR>SQL_TSI_DAY
<BR>SQL_TSI_WEEK
<BR>SQL_TSI_MONTH
<BR>SQL_TSI_QUARTER
<BR>SQL_TSI_YEAR
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>where fractional seconds are expressed in billionths of a second. For example, the following SQL statement returns the name of each employee and their one-year anniversary dates:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SELECT NAME,
<BR> {fn TIMESTAMPADD(SQL_TSI_YEAR,
<BR> 1, HIRE_DATE)} FROM EMPLOYEES
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>If <I>timestamp_exp</I> is a time value and <I>interval</I> specifies days, weeks, months, quarters, or years, the date portion of <I>timestamp_exp</I> is set to the current date before calculating the resulting timestamp.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>If <I>timestamp_exp</I> is a date value and <I>interval</I> specifies fractional seconds, seconds, minutes, or hours, the time portion of <I>timestamp_exp</I> is set to 0 before calculating the resulting timestamp.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>An application determines which intervals a data source supports by calling <B>SQLGetInfo</B> with the SQL_TIMEDATE_ADD_INTERVALS option.</TD>
</TR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>TIMESTAMPDIFF(</B><I>interval</I><B>, </B><I>timestamp_exp1</I><B>, </B><I>timestamp_exp2</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3460"></A>
<P>Returns the integer number of intervals of type <I>interval</I> by which <I>timestamp_exp2</I> is greater than <I>timestamp_exp1</I>. Valid values of <I>interval</I> are the following keywords:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_TSI_FRAC_SECOND
<BR>SQL_TSI_SECOND
<BR>SQL_TSI_MINUTE
<BR>SQL_TSI_HOUR
<BR>SQL_TSI_DAY
<BR>SQL_TSI_WEEK
<BR>SQL_TSI_MONTH
<BR>SQL_TSI_QUARTER
<BR>SQL_TSI_YEAR
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>where fractional seconds are expressed in billionths of a second. For example, the following SQL statement returns the name of each employee and the number of years they have been employed.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SELECT NAME,
<BR> {fn TIMESTAMPDIFF(SQL_TSI_YEAR,
<BR> {fn CURDATE()}, HIRE_DATE)}
<BR> FROM EMPLOYEES
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>If either timestamp expression is a time value and <I>interval</I> specifies days, weeks, months, quarters, or years, the date portion of that timestamp is set to the current date before calculating the difference between the timestamps.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>If either timestamp expression is a date value and <I>interval</I> specifies fractional seconds, seconds, minutes, or hours, the time portion of of that timestamp is set to 0 before calculating the difference between the timestamps.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>An application determines which intervals a data source supports by calling <B>SQLGetInfo</B> with the SQL_TIMEDATE_DIFF_INTERVALS option.</TD>
</TR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>WEEK(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3461"></A>
<P>Returns the week of the year in <I>date_exp</I> as an integer value in the range of 1&#150;53.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>YEAR(</B><I>date_exp</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3462"></A>
<P>Returns the year in <I>date_exp</I> as an integer value. The range is data source&#150;dependent.</TD></TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="E10E128"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>System Functions</B><A NAME="I37"></A><A NAME="I38"></A><A NAME="I39"></A></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The following table lists system functions that are included in the ODBC scalar function set.<A NAME="I40"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>exp</I> can be the name of a column, the result of another scalar function, or a literal, where the underlying data type could be represented as SQL_NUMERIC, SQL_DECIMAL, SQL_TINYINT, SQL_SMALLINT, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_BIGINT, SQL_FLOAT, SQL_REAL, SQL_DOUBLE, SQL_DATE, SQL_TIME, or SQL_TIMESTAMP.<A NAME="I41"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Arguments denoted as <I>value</I> can be a literal constant, where the underlying data type can be represented as SQL_NUMERIC, SQL_DECIMAL, SQL_TINYINT, SQL_SMALLINT, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_BIGINT, SQL_FLOAT, SQL_REAL, SQL_DOUBLE, SQL_DATE, SQL_TIME, or SQL_TIMESTAMP.<A NAME="I42"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Values returned are represented as ODBC data types.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE WIDTH=800 >
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>Function</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3463"></A>
<P>Description</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>IFNULL(</B><I>exp</I><B>,</B><I>value</I><B>)</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3464"></A>
<P>If <I>exp</I> is null, <I>value</I> is returned. If <I>exp</I> is not null, <I>exp</I> is returned. The possible data type(s) of <I>value</I> must be compatible with the data type of <I>exp</I>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>USER( )</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3465"></A>
<P>Returns the user&#146;s authorization name. ( The user&#146;s authorization name is also available via <B>SQLGetInfo</B> by specifying the information type: SQL_USER_NAME or by using pseudocolumn &#145;USER&#146; SQL: SELECT USER...)</TD></TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="E10E129"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Explicit Data Type Conversion</B><A NAME="I43"></A><A NAME="I44"></A><A NAME="I45"></A><A NAME="I46"></A></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Explicit data type conversion is specified in terms of ODBC SQL data type definitions.<A NAME="I47"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The ODBC syntax for the explicit data type conversion function does not restrict conversions. The validity of specific conversions of one data type to another data type will be determined by each driver-specific implementation. The driver will, as it translates the ODBC syntax into the native syntax, reject those conversions that, although legal in the ODBC syntax, are not supported by the data source. The ODBC function <B>SQLGetInfo</B> provides a way to inquire about conversions supported by the data source.<A NAME="I48"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The format of the <B>CONVERT</B> function is:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE><B>CONVERT(</B><I>value_exp</I><B>, </B><I>data_type</I><B>)</B><A NAME="I49"></A></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The function returns the value specified by <I>value_exp</I> converted to the specified <I>data_type</I>, where <I>data_type</I> is one of the following keywords:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE WIDTH=800 >
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_BIGINT
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3466"></A>
<P>SQL_BINARY</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_BIT
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3467"></A>
<P>SQL_CHAR</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_DATE
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3468"></A>
<P>SQL_DECIMAL</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_DOUBLE
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3469"></A>
<P>SQL_FLOAT</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_INTEGER
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3470"></A>
<P>SQL_LONGVARBINARY</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_LONGVARCHAR
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3471"></A>
<P>SQL_NUMERIC</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_REAL
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3472"></A>
<P>SQL_SMALLINT</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_TIME
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3473"></A>
<P>SQL_TIMESTAMP</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_TINYINT
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E3474"></A>
<P>SQL_VARBINARY</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=254 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SQL_VARCHAR
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=206 VALIGN=top ><BR></TD></TR></TABLE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The ODBC syntax for the explicit data type conversion function does not support specification of conversion format. If specification of explicit formats is supported by the underlying data source, a driver must specify a default value or implement format specification.<A NAME="I50"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The argument <I>value_exp</I> can be a column name, the result of another scalar function, or a numeric or string literal. For example:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>{ fn CONVERT( { fn CURDATE() }, SQL_CHAR) }<A NAME="I51"></A></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>converts the output of the CURDATE scalar function to a character string..<A NAME="I52"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The following two examples illustrate the use of the <B>CONVERT</B> function. These examples assume the existence of a table called EMPLOYEES, with an EMPNO column of type SQL_SMALLINT and an EMPNAME column of type SQL_CHAR. <A NAME="I53"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>If an application specifies the following:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>SELECT EMPNO FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE
--(*vendor(Microsoft),product(ODBC) fn CONVERT(EMPNO,SQL_CHAR)*)-- LIKE '1%'<A NAME="I54"></A></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>or its equivalent in shorthand form:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>SELECT EMPNO FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE {fn CONVERT(EMPNO,SQL_CHAR)} LIKE '1%'<A NAME="I55"></A></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SOLID ODBC driver translates the request to:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>SELECT EMPNO FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE CONVERT_CHAR(EMPNO) LIKE '1%'<A NAME="I56"></A><A NAME="I57"></A></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>If an application specifies the following:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>SELECT --(*vendor(Microsoft),product(ODBC) fn ABS(EMPNO)*)--, --(*vendor(Microsoft),product(ODBC) fn CONVERT(EMPNAME,SQL_SMALLINT)*)-- FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPNO &lt;&gt; 0<A NAME="I58"></A></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>or its equivalent in shorthand form:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>SELECT {fn ABS(EMPNO)}, {fn CONVERT(EMPNAME,SQL_SMALLINT)} FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPNO &lt;&gt; 0<A NAME="I59"></A></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SOLID ODBC driver translates the request to:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>SELECT ABS(EMPNO), CONVERT_SMALLINT(EMPNAME) FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPNO &lt;&gt; 0<A NAME="I60"></A></PRE><P ALIGN=CENTER>
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