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<HTML>
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<H1>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B><CENTER>SOLID <I>Server</I><BR>Programmer's Guide and Reference</CENTER></B></FONT></H1>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E9E1" >WELCOME</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E1" >This Guide</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E2" >Audience</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E3" >Document Conventions</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E4" >Other Solid Documentation</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E10E5" >Where to Find Additional Information</A></UL></UL>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<A NAME="E9E1"></A>
<H1>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>WELCOME</B></FONT></H1>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B><I>SOLID Server</I></B><B><I><SUP>TM</SUP></I></B><B><I> is the database server for your new applications and </I></B><B><I>products</I></B><B>. </B>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>It is extremely easy to set up, and has a small footprint. Its maintenance is care-free, requiring little or no administration. It is perfectly suited to be distributed in countless copies.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>And it is full of high-power technology.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SOLID <I>Server</I> offers high performance within SQL standards. It is easy to embed in your applications. It is fully scaleable from small mobile devices to heavy-weight multiprocessing environments. It provides the features you would expect to find in an industrial-strength database server. Multithread architecture, stored procedures, row level transaction management - you name it.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B><I>Database Technology Made Easy.</I></B>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="E10E1"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>This Guide</B></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>This <B>Programmer's Guide and Reference</B> contains information about using SOLID <I>SQL API </I>and how to exploit the advanced features of SOLID <I>Server</I>.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SOLID <I>SQL API</I> is the native call level interface of SOLID DBMS. SOLID <I>SQL API</I> is based on the SQL Access Group's CLI specification, a standard dynamic call level interface. The SQL syntax used in SOLID <I>Server</I> is based on the ANSI X3.135-1989 level 2 standard including important ANSI X3.135-1992 (SQL2) extensions. Developers have also the option of accessing SQL <I>SQL API</I> through ODBC API in the Windows (3.x, NT and 95) environments. ODBC provides a single interface for SQL queries to access a variety of relational and non-relational databases.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Even though this manual is written from the viewpoint of ODBC application developers, most the information applies also to development of applications that access SOLID <I>SQL API</I> directly.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>This guide is divided into following parts:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><A NAME="I2"></A><B>Introduction to Programming Interfaces</B></FONT></H4>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="E7E1"></A>
<P><A NAME="I3"></A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Theory of Operation</I>, provides conceptual information about SOLID <I>SQL </I><I>API</I> and the ODBC interface.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>A Short History of SQL</I>, a brief history of Structured Query Language.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><A NAME="I4"></A><B>Developing Applications</B></FONT></H4>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="E7E2"></A>
<P><I>Guidelines for Calling Functions,</I> contains information for developing applications using the SOLID <I>SQL API</I>.
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Basic Application Steps</I>, describing the basic flow of control for connecting, executing SQL statements, and retrieving results.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Connecting to a Data Source</I>, briefly describes data sources and hot to establish a connection to a data source.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Executing SQL Statements</I>, describes different ways to specify and execute SQL statements.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Retrieving Results</I>, describes how applications can retrieve results of executed SQL statements.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Retrieving Status and Error Information</I>, explains the error handling.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Terminating Transactions and Connections</I>, describes how transactions and connections are terminated.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Constructing an Application</I>, contains examples of applications.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Using SOLID Server,</I> contains information for developing applications using advanced features of SOLID <I>Server</I>.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><A NAME="I5"></A><B>SOLID </B><B><I>SQL API</I></B><B> Reference</B></FONT></H4>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="E7E3"></A>
<P><I>Function Summary</I>, summarizes the functions.
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Function Reference</I>, describing each function (syntax and semantic information) in alphabetical order.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><A NAME="I6"></A><B>Appendixes</B></FONT></H4>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="E7E4"></A>
<P>The <I>Appendixes</I> give additional information about programming interfaces including <I>Error Codes</I>, <I>State Transition Tables</I>, <I>SQL Grammar</I>, <I>Data Types</I>, <I>Comparison between Embedded SQL and ODBC</I> and <I>Scalar Functions</I>.<A NAME="I7"></A>
<A NAME="E10E2"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Audience</B><A NAME="I8"></A><A NAME="I9"></A></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>This manual assumes:<A NAME="I10"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>A working knowledge of the C programming language.<A NAME="I11"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>General DBMS knowledge and a familiarity with SQL.
</BLOCKQUOTE></UL>
<A NAME="E10E3"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Document Conventions</B><A NAME="I12"></A><A NAME="I13"></A><A NAME="I14"></A><A NAME="I15"></A><A NAME="I16"></A><A NAME="I17"></A><A NAME="I18"></A><A NAME="I19"></A><A NAME="I20"></A><A NAME="I21"></A><A NAME="I22"></A><A NAME="I23"></A></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>This manual uses the following typographic conventions.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE >
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>Format</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E5"></A>
<P>Used for</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>WIN.INI
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E6"></A>
<P>Uppercase letters indicate filenames, SQL statements, macro names, and terms used at the operating-system command level.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>RETCODE SQLFetch(hdbc)
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E7"></A>
<P>This font is used for sample command lines and program code.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>argument</I>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E8"></A>
<P>Italicized words indicate information that the user or the application must provide, or word emphasis.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B>SQLTransact</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E9"></A>
<P>Bold type indicates that syntax must be typed exactly as shown, including function names.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>[ ]
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E10"></A>
<P>Brackets indicate optional items; if in bold text, brackets must be included in the syntax.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>|
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E11"></A>
<P>A vertical bar separates two mutually exclusive choices in a syntax line.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>{}
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E12"></A>
<P>Braces delimit a set of mutually exclusive choices in a syntax line; if in bold text, braces must be included in the syntax.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>...
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E13"></A>
<P>An ellipsis indicates that arguments can be repeated several times.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=240 VALIGN=top >
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>.
<BR>.
<BR>.
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
<TD WIDTH=216 VALIGN=top >
<A NAME="E7E14"></A>
<P>A column of three dots indicates continuation of previous lines of code.</TD></TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="E10E4"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Other Solid Documentation</B></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>SOLID <I>Server</I> documentation is distributed both as printed material and as Windows Help or HTML files.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Solid Online Services on our Web server offer the latest product and technical information free of charge. The service is located at:
<BR><B> </B><B>http://www.solidtech.com/</B>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Printed Manuals</B><A NAME="I24"></A></FONT></H4>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI><B>SOLID </B><B><I>Server</I></B><B> Administrator's Guide</B> describes the administrative procedures and gives information about SOLID SQL functionality.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI><B>SOLID </B><B><I>Server </I></B><B>Programmer’s Guide and Reference</B> contains basic information about using the SOLID <I>SQL API</I> directly, e.g., from C language, and how to exploit the advanced features of SOLID <I>Server</I>. It also provides the SOLID <I>SQL API</I> function reference.
</BLOCKQUOTE></UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Electronic Documentation</B><A NAME="I25"></A></FONT></H4>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI><B>Read Me</B> contains installation instructions and additional information about the specific product version. This readme.txt file is typically on the first SOLID <I>Server</I> diskette.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI><B>Release Notes</B> contains additional information about the specific product version. This relnotes.txt file is typically on the SOLID <I>Server</I> diskettes and will be copied onto your system when you install the software.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI><B>SOLID </B><B><I>Remote Control</I></B><B><SUP>TM</SUP></B><B> Help</B> tells you how to use the SOLID <I>Remote </I><I>Control</I> administration program to perform the easy steps to manage your SOLID <I>Servers</I>.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI><B>SOLID </B><B><I>SQL Editor</I></B><B><SUP>TM</SUP></B><B> Help</B> tells you how to use the SOLID <I>SQL Editor</I>, a tool for executing SQL queries and commands.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI><B>SOLID </B><B><I>Server</I></B><B> Administrator's Guide </B>is available electronically in either Windows<B> </B>Help or HTML format.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI><B>SOLID </B><B><I>Server </I></B><B>Programmer’s Guide and Reference</B> is available electronically in either Windows<B> </B>Help and HTML format.
</BLOCKQUOTE></UL>
<A NAME="E10E5"></A>
<H2>
<FONT FACE="Arial"><B>Where to Find Additional Information</B><A NAME="I26"></A><A NAME="I27"></A><A NAME="I28"></A></FONT></H2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>For more information about SQL, the following standards are available:<A NAME="I29"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Database Language — SQL with Integrity Enhancement, ANSI, 1989 ANSI X3.135-1989.<A NAME="I30"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>X/Open and SQL Access Group SQL CAE specification (1992).<A NAME="I31"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Database Language — SQL: ANSI X3H2 and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC21/WG3 9075:1992 (SQL-92).<A NAME="I32"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE></UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>In addition to standards and vendor-specific SQL guides, there are many books that describe SQL, including:<A NAME="I33"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Date, C. J.: <I>A Guide to the SQL Standard</I> (Addison-Wesley, 1989).<A NAME="I34"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Emerson, Sandra L., Darnovsky, Marcy, and Bowman, Judith S.: <I>The </I><I>Practical SQL Handbook</I> (Addison-Wesley, 1989).<A NAME="I35"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Groff, James R. and Weinberg, Paul N.: <I>Using SQL</I> (Osborne McGraw-Hill, 1990).<A NAME="I36"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Gruber, Martin: <I>Understanding SQL</I> (Sybex, 1990).<A NAME="I37"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Hursch, Jack L. and Carolyn J.: <I>SQL, The Structured Query Language</I> (TAB Books, 1988).
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Melton, Jim and Simon, Alan R.: <I>Understanding the new SQL: a complete </I><I>guide</I> (Morgan Kaufmann, 1993).<A NAME="I38"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Pascal, Fabian: <I>SQL and Relational Basics</I> (M & T Books, 1990).<A NAME="I39"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Trimble, J. Harvey, Jr. and Chappell, David: <I>A Visual Introduction to SQL</I> (Wiley, 1989).<A NAME="I40"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Van der Lans, Rick F.: <I>Introduction to SQL</I> (Addison-Wesley, 1988).<A NAME="I41"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Vang, Soren: <I>SQL and Relational Databases</I> (Microtrend Books, 1990).<A NAME="I42"></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<LI>Viescas, John: <I>Quick Reference Guide to SQL</I> (Microsoft Corp., 1989).
</BLOCKQUOTE></UL><P ALIGN=CENTER>
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