File: test_hybrid.py

package info (click to toggle)
sqlalchemy 1.2.18%2Bds1-2
  • links: PTS, VCS
  • area: main
  • in suites: buster
  • size: 16,080 kB
  • sloc: python: 239,496; ansic: 1,345; makefile: 264; xml: 17
file content (921 lines) | stat: -rw-r--r-- 27,875 bytes parent folder | download
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
from decimal import Decimal

from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy import func
from sqlalchemy import inspect
from sqlalchemy import Integer
from sqlalchemy import Numeric
from sqlalchemy import String
from sqlalchemy.ext import hybrid
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import aliased
from sqlalchemy.orm import persistence
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from sqlalchemy.testing import assert_raises_message
from sqlalchemy.testing import AssertsCompiledSQL
from sqlalchemy.testing import eq_
from sqlalchemy.testing import fixtures
from sqlalchemy.testing import is_
from sqlalchemy.testing.schema import Column


class PropertyComparatorTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    __dialect__ = "default"

    def _fixture(self):
        Base = declarative_base()

        class UCComparator(hybrid.Comparator):
            def __eq__(self, other):
                if other is None:
                    return self.expression is None
                else:
                    return func.upper(self.expression) == func.upper(other)

        class A(Base):
            __tablename__ = "a"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

            _value = Column("value", String)

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def value(self):
                "This is a docstring"
                return self._value - 5

            @value.comparator
            def value(cls):
                return UCComparator(cls._value)

            @value.setter
            def value(self, v):
                self._value = v + 5

        return A

    def test_set_get(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        a1 = A(value=5)
        eq_(a1._value, 10)
        eq_(a1.value, 5)

    def test_value(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        eq_(str(A.value == 5), "upper(a.value) = upper(:upper_1)")

    def test_aliased_value(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        eq_(str(aliased(A).value == 5), "upper(a_1.value) = upper(:upper_1)")

    def test_query(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(A.value), "SELECT a.value AS a_value FROM a"
        )

    def test_aliased_query(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(aliased(A).value),
            "SELECT a_1.value AS a_1_value FROM a AS a_1",
        )

    def test_aliased_filter(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(aliased(A)).filter_by(value="foo"),
            "SELECT a_1.value AS a_1_value, a_1.id AS a_1_id "
            "FROM a AS a_1 WHERE upper(a_1.value) = upper(:upper_1)",
        )

    def test_docstring(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        eq_(A.value.__doc__, "This is a docstring")


class PropertyExpressionTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    __dialect__ = "default"

    def _fixture(self):
        Base = declarative_base()

        class A(Base):
            __tablename__ = "a"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            _value = Column("value", String)

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def value(self):
                "This is an instance-level docstring"
                return int(self._value) - 5

            @value.expression
            def value(cls):
                "This is a class-level docstring"
                return func.foo(cls._value) + cls.bar_value

            @value.setter
            def value(self, v):
                self._value = v + 5

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def bar_value(cls):
                return func.bar(cls._value)

        return A

    def _relationship_fixture(self):
        Base = declarative_base()

        class A(Base):
            __tablename__ = "a"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            b_id = Column("bid", Integer, ForeignKey("b.id"))
            _value = Column("value", String)

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def value(self):
                return int(self._value) - 5

            @value.expression
            def value(cls):
                return func.foo(cls._value) + cls.bar_value

            @value.setter
            def value(self, v):
                self._value = v + 5

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def bar_value(cls):
                return func.bar(cls._value)

        class B(Base):
            __tablename__ = "b"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

            as_ = relationship("A")

        return A, B

    def test_info(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        inspect(A).all_orm_descriptors.value.info["some key"] = "some value"
        eq_(
            inspect(A).all_orm_descriptors.value.info,
            {"some key": "some value"},
        )

    def test_set_get(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        a1 = A(value=5)
        eq_(a1._value, 10)
        eq_(a1.value, 5)

    def test_expression(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        self.assert_compile(
            A.value.__clause_element__(), "foo(a.value) + bar(a.value)"
        )

    def test_any(self):
        A, B = self._relationship_fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(B).filter(B.as_.any(value=5)),
            "SELECT b.id AS b_id FROM b WHERE EXISTS "
            "(SELECT 1 FROM a WHERE b.id = a.bid "
            "AND foo(a.value) + bar(a.value) = :param_1)",
        )

    def test_aliased_expression(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        self.assert_compile(
            aliased(A).value.__clause_element__(),
            "foo(a_1.value) + bar(a_1.value)",
        )

    def test_query(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(A).filter_by(value="foo"),
            "SELECT a.value AS a_value, a.id AS a_id "
            "FROM a WHERE foo(a.value) + bar(a.value) = :param_1",
        )

    def test_aliased_query(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(aliased(A)).filter_by(value="foo"),
            "SELECT a_1.value AS a_1_value, a_1.id AS a_1_id "
            "FROM a AS a_1 WHERE foo(a_1.value) + bar(a_1.value) = :param_1",
        )

    def test_docstring(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        eq_(A.value.__doc__, "This is a class-level docstring")

        # no docstring here since we get a literal
        a1 = A(_value=10)
        eq_(a1.value, 5)


class PropertyValueTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    __dialect__ = "default"

    def _fixture(self, assignable):
        Base = declarative_base()

        class A(Base):
            __tablename__ = "a"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            _value = Column("value", String)

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def value(self):
                return self._value - 5

            if assignable:

                @value.setter
                def value(self, v):
                    self._value = v + 5

        return A

    def test_nonassignable(self):
        A = self._fixture(False)
        a1 = A(_value=5)
        assert_raises_message(
            AttributeError, "can't set attribute", setattr, a1, "value", 10
        )

    def test_nondeletable(self):
        A = self._fixture(False)
        a1 = A(_value=5)
        assert_raises_message(
            AttributeError, "can't delete attribute", delattr, a1, "value"
        )

    def test_set_get(self):
        A = self._fixture(True)
        a1 = A(value=5)
        eq_(a1.value, 5)
        eq_(a1._value, 10)


class PropertyOverrideTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    __dialect__ = "default"

    def _fixture(self):
        Base = declarative_base()

        class Person(Base):
            __tablename__ = "person"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            _name = Column(String)

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def name(self):
                return self._name

            @name.setter
            def name(self, value):
                self._name = value.title()

        class OverrideSetter(Person):
            __tablename__ = "override_setter"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("person.id"), primary_key=True)
            other = Column(String)

            @Person.name.setter
            def name(self, value):
                self._name = value.upper()

        class OverrideGetter(Person):
            __tablename__ = "override_getter"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("person.id"), primary_key=True)
            other = Column(String)

            @Person.name.getter
            def name(self):
                return "Hello " + self._name

        class OverrideExpr(Person):
            __tablename__ = "override_expr"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("person.id"), primary_key=True)
            other = Column(String)

            @Person.name.overrides.expression
            def name(self):
                return func.concat("Hello", self._name)

        class FooComparator(hybrid.Comparator):
            def __clause_element__(self):
                return func.concat("Hello", self.expression._name)

        class OverrideComparator(Person):
            __tablename__ = "override_comp"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("person.id"), primary_key=True)
            other = Column(String)

            @Person.name.overrides.comparator
            def name(self):
                return FooComparator(self)

        return (
            Person,
            OverrideSetter,
            OverrideGetter,
            OverrideExpr,
            OverrideComparator,
        )

    def test_property(self):
        Person, _, _, _, _ = self._fixture()
        p1 = Person()
        p1.name = "mike"
        eq_(p1._name, "Mike")
        eq_(p1.name, "Mike")

    def test_override_setter(self):
        _, OverrideSetter, _, _, _ = self._fixture()
        p1 = OverrideSetter()
        p1.name = "mike"
        eq_(p1._name, "MIKE")
        eq_(p1.name, "MIKE")

    def test_override_getter(self):
        _, _, OverrideGetter, _, _ = self._fixture()
        p1 = OverrideGetter()
        p1.name = "mike"
        eq_(p1._name, "Mike")
        eq_(p1.name, "Hello Mike")

    def test_override_expr(self):
        Person, _, _, OverrideExpr, _ = self._fixture()

        self.assert_compile(Person.name.__clause_element__(), "person._name")

        self.assert_compile(
            OverrideExpr.name.__clause_element__(),
            "concat(:concat_1, person._name)",
        )

    def test_override_comparator(self):
        Person, _, _, _, OverrideComparator = self._fixture()

        self.assert_compile(Person.name.__clause_element__(), "person._name")

        self.assert_compile(
            OverrideComparator.name.__clause_element__(),
            "concat(:concat_1, person._name)",
        )


class PropertyMirrorTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    __dialect__ = "default"

    def _fixture(self):
        Base = declarative_base()

        class A(Base):
            __tablename__ = "a"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            _value = Column("value", String)

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def value(self):
                "This is an instance-level docstring"
                return self._value

        return A

    def test_property(self):
        A = self._fixture()

        is_(A.value.property, A._value.property)

    def test_key(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        eq_(A.value.key, "value")
        eq_(A._value.key, "_value")

    def test_class(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        is_(A.value.class_, A._value.class_)

    def test_get_history(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        inst = A(_value=5)
        eq_(A.value.get_history(inst), A._value.get_history(inst))

    def test_info_not_mirrored(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        A._value.info["foo"] = "bar"
        A.value.info["bar"] = "hoho"

        eq_(A._value.info, {"foo": "bar"})
        eq_(A.value.info, {"bar": "hoho"})

    def test_info_from_hybrid(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        A._value.info["foo"] = "bar"
        A.value.info["bar"] = "hoho"

        insp = inspect(A)
        is_(insp.all_orm_descriptors["value"].info, A.value.info)


class MethodExpressionTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    __dialect__ = "default"

    def _fixture(self):
        Base = declarative_base()

        class A(Base):
            __tablename__ = "a"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            _value = Column("value", String)

            @hybrid.hybrid_method
            def value(self, x):
                "This is an instance-level docstring"
                return int(self._value) + x

            @value.expression
            def value(cls, value):
                "This is a class-level docstring"
                return func.foo(cls._value, value) + value

            @hybrid.hybrid_method
            def other_value(self, x):
                "This is an instance-level docstring"
                return int(self._value) + x

            @other_value.expression
            def other_value(cls, value):
                return func.foo(cls._value, value) + value

        return A

    def test_call(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        a1 = A(_value=10)
        eq_(a1.value(7), 17)

    def test_expression(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        self.assert_compile(A.value(5), "foo(a.value, :foo_1) + :foo_2")

    def test_info(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        inspect(A).all_orm_descriptors.value.info["some key"] = "some value"
        eq_(
            inspect(A).all_orm_descriptors.value.info,
            {"some key": "some value"},
        )

    def test_aliased_expression(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        self.assert_compile(
            aliased(A).value(5), "foo(a_1.value, :foo_1) + :foo_2"
        )

    def test_query(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(A).filter(A.value(5) == "foo"),
            "SELECT a.value AS a_value, a.id AS a_id "
            "FROM a WHERE foo(a.value, :foo_1) + :foo_2 = :param_1",
        )

    def test_aliased_query(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        a1 = aliased(A)
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(a1).filter(a1.value(5) == "foo"),
            "SELECT a_1.value AS a_1_value, a_1.id AS a_1_id "
            "FROM a AS a_1 WHERE foo(a_1.value, :foo_1) + :foo_2 = :param_1",
        )

    def test_query_col(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(A.value(5)),
            "SELECT foo(a.value, :foo_1) + :foo_2 AS anon_1 FROM a",
        )

    def test_aliased_query_col(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        sess = Session()
        self.assert_compile(
            sess.query(aliased(A).value(5)),
            "SELECT foo(a_1.value, :foo_1) + :foo_2 AS anon_1 FROM a AS a_1",
        )

    def test_docstring(self):
        A = self._fixture()
        eq_(A.value.__doc__, "This is a class-level docstring")
        eq_(A.other_value.__doc__, "This is an instance-level docstring")
        a1 = A(_value=10)

        # a1.value is still a method, so it has a
        # docstring
        eq_(a1.value.__doc__, "This is an instance-level docstring")

        eq_(a1.other_value.__doc__, "This is an instance-level docstring")


class BulkUpdateTest(fixtures.DeclarativeMappedTest, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    __dialect__ = "default"

    @classmethod
    def setup_classes(cls):
        Base = cls.DeclarativeBasic

        class Person(Base):
            __tablename__ = "person"

            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            first_name = Column(String(10))
            last_name = Column(String(10))

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def name(self):
                return self.first_name + " " + self.last_name

            @name.setter
            def name(self, value):
                self.first_name, self.last_name = value.split(" ", 1)

            @name.expression
            def name(cls):
                return func.concat(cls.first_name, " ", cls.last_name)

            @name.update_expression
            def name(cls, value):
                f, l = value.split(" ", 1)
                return [(cls.first_name, f), (cls.last_name, l)]

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def uname(self):
                return self.name

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def fname(self):
                return self.first_name

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def fname2(self):
                return self.fname

    @classmethod
    def insert_data(cls):
        s = Session()
        jill = cls.classes.Person(id=3, first_name="jill")
        s.add(jill)
        s.commit()

    def test_update_plain(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        q = s.query(Person)

        bulk_ud = persistence.BulkUpdate.factory(
            q, False, {Person.fname: "Dr."}, {}
        )

        self.assert_compile(
            bulk_ud,
            "UPDATE person SET first_name=:first_name",
            params={"first_name": "Dr."},
        )

    def test_update_expr(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        q = s.query(Person)

        bulk_ud = persistence.BulkUpdate.factory(
            q, False, {Person.name: "Dr. No"}, {}
        )

        self.assert_compile(
            bulk_ud,
            "UPDATE person SET first_name=:first_name, last_name=:last_name",
            params={"first_name": "Dr.", "last_name": "No"},
        )

    def test_evaluate_hybrid_attr_indirect(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        jill = s.query(Person).get(3)

        s.query(Person).update(
            {Person.fname2: "moonbeam"}, synchronize_session="evaluate"
        )
        eq_(jill.fname2, "moonbeam")

    def test_evaluate_hybrid_attr_plain(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        jill = s.query(Person).get(3)

        s.query(Person).update(
            {Person.fname: "moonbeam"}, synchronize_session="evaluate"
        )
        eq_(jill.fname, "moonbeam")

    def test_fetch_hybrid_attr_indirect(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        jill = s.query(Person).get(3)

        s.query(Person).update(
            {Person.fname2: "moonbeam"}, synchronize_session="fetch"
        )
        eq_(jill.fname2, "moonbeam")

    def test_fetch_hybrid_attr_plain(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        jill = s.query(Person).get(3)

        s.query(Person).update(
            {Person.fname: "moonbeam"}, synchronize_session="fetch"
        )
        eq_(jill.fname, "moonbeam")

    def test_evaluate_hybrid_attr_w_update_expr(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        jill = s.query(Person).get(3)

        s.query(Person).update(
            {Person.name: "moonbeam sunshine"}, synchronize_session="evaluate"
        )
        eq_(jill.name, "moonbeam sunshine")

    def test_fetch_hybrid_attr_w_update_expr(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        jill = s.query(Person).get(3)

        s.query(Person).update(
            {Person.name: "moonbeam sunshine"}, synchronize_session="fetch"
        )
        eq_(jill.name, "moonbeam sunshine")

    def test_evaluate_hybrid_attr_indirect_w_update_expr(self):
        Person = self.classes.Person

        s = Session()
        jill = s.query(Person).get(3)

        s.query(Person).update(
            {Person.uname: "moonbeam sunshine"}, synchronize_session="evaluate"
        )
        eq_(jill.uname, "moonbeam sunshine")


class SpecialObjectTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    """tests against hybrids that return a non-ClauseElement.

    use cases derived from the example at
    http://techspot.zzzeek.org/2011/10/21/hybrids-and-value-agnostic-types/

    """

    __dialect__ = "default"

    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        from sqlalchemy import literal

        symbols = ("usd", "gbp", "cad", "eur", "aud")
        currency_lookup = dict(
            ((currency_from, currency_to), Decimal(str(rate)))
            for currency_to, values in zip(
                symbols,
                [
                    (1, 1.59009, 0.988611, 1.37979, 1.02962),
                    (0.628895, 1, 0.621732, 0.867748, 0.647525),
                    (1.01152, 1.6084, 1, 1.39569, 1.04148),
                    (0.724743, 1.1524, 0.716489, 1, 0.746213),
                    (0.971228, 1.54434, 0.960166, 1.34009, 1),
                ],
            )
            for currency_from, rate in zip(symbols, values)
        )

        class Amount(object):
            def __init__(self, amount, currency):
                self.currency = currency
                self.amount = amount

            def __add__(self, other):
                return Amount(
                    self.amount + other.as_currency(self.currency).amount,
                    self.currency,
                )

            def __sub__(self, other):
                return Amount(
                    self.amount - other.as_currency(self.currency).amount,
                    self.currency,
                )

            def __lt__(self, other):
                return self.amount < other.as_currency(self.currency).amount

            def __gt__(self, other):
                return self.amount > other.as_currency(self.currency).amount

            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.amount == other.as_currency(self.currency).amount

            def as_currency(self, other_currency):
                return Amount(
                    currency_lookup[(self.currency, other_currency)]
                    * self.amount,
                    other_currency,
                )

            def __clause_element__(self):
                # helper method for SQLAlchemy to interpret
                # the Amount object as a SQL element
                if isinstance(self.amount, (float, int, Decimal)):
                    return literal(self.amount)
                else:
                    return self.amount

            def __str__(self):
                return "%2.4f %s" % (self.amount, self.currency)

            def __repr__(self):
                return "Amount(%r, %r)" % (self.amount, self.currency)

        Base = declarative_base()

        class BankAccount(Base):
            __tablename__ = "bank_account"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

            _balance = Column("balance", Numeric)

            @hybrid.hybrid_property
            def balance(self):
                """Return an Amount view of the current balance."""
                return Amount(self._balance, "usd")

            @balance.setter
            def balance(self, value):
                self._balance = value.as_currency("usd").amount

        cls.Amount = Amount
        cls.BankAccount = BankAccount

    def test_instance_one(self):
        BankAccount, Amount = self.BankAccount, self.Amount
        account = BankAccount(balance=Amount(4000, "usd"))

        # 3b. print balance in usd
        eq_(account.balance.amount, 4000)

    def test_instance_two(self):
        BankAccount, Amount = self.BankAccount, self.Amount
        account = BankAccount(balance=Amount(4000, "usd"))

        # 3c. print balance in gbp
        eq_(account.balance.as_currency("gbp").amount, Decimal("2515.58"))

    def test_instance_three(self):
        BankAccount, Amount = self.BankAccount, self.Amount
        account = BankAccount(balance=Amount(4000, "usd"))

        # 3d. perform currency-agnostic comparisons, math
        is_(account.balance > Amount(500, "cad"), True)

    def test_instance_four(self):
        BankAccount, Amount = self.BankAccount, self.Amount
        account = BankAccount(balance=Amount(4000, "usd"))
        eq_(
            account.balance + Amount(500, "cad") - Amount(50, "eur"),
            Amount(Decimal("4425.316"), "usd"),
        )

    def test_query_one(self):
        BankAccount, Amount = self.BankAccount, self.Amount
        session = Session()

        query = session.query(BankAccount).filter(
            BankAccount.balance == Amount(10000, "cad")
        )

        self.assert_compile(
            query,
            "SELECT bank_account.balance AS bank_account_balance, "
            "bank_account.id AS bank_account_id FROM bank_account "
            "WHERE bank_account.balance = :balance_1",
            checkparams={"balance_1": Decimal("9886.110000")},
        )

    def test_query_two(self):
        BankAccount, Amount = self.BankAccount, self.Amount
        session = Session()

        # alternatively we can do the calc on the DB side.
        query = (
            session.query(BankAccount)
            .filter(
                BankAccount.balance.as_currency("cad") > Amount(9999, "cad")
            )
            .filter(
                BankAccount.balance.as_currency("cad") < Amount(10001, "cad")
            )
        )
        self.assert_compile(
            query,
            "SELECT bank_account.balance AS bank_account_balance, "
            "bank_account.id AS bank_account_id "
            "FROM bank_account "
            "WHERE :balance_1 * bank_account.balance > :param_1 "
            "AND :balance_2 * bank_account.balance < :param_2",
            checkparams={
                "balance_1": Decimal("1.01152"),
                "balance_2": Decimal("1.01152"),
                "param_1": Decimal("9999"),
                "param_2": Decimal("10001"),
            },
        )

    def test_query_three(self):
        BankAccount = self.BankAccount
        session = Session()

        query = session.query(BankAccount).filter(
            BankAccount.balance.as_currency("cad")
            > BankAccount.balance.as_currency("eur")
        )
        self.assert_compile(
            query,
            "SELECT bank_account.balance AS bank_account_balance, "
            "bank_account.id AS bank_account_id FROM bank_account "
            "WHERE :balance_1 * bank_account.balance > "
            ":param_1 * :balance_2 * bank_account.balance",
            checkparams={
                "balance_1": Decimal("1.01152"),
                "balance_2": Decimal("0.724743"),
                "param_1": Decimal("1.39569"),
            },
        )

    def test_query_four(self):
        BankAccount = self.BankAccount
        session = Session()

        # 4c. query all amounts, converting to "CAD" on the DB side
        query = session.query(BankAccount.balance.as_currency("cad").amount)
        self.assert_compile(
            query,
            "SELECT :balance_1 * bank_account.balance AS anon_1 "
            "FROM bank_account",
            checkparams={"balance_1": Decimal("1.01152")},
        )

    def test_query_five(self):
        BankAccount = self.BankAccount
        session = Session()

        # 4d. average balance in EUR
        query = session.query(func.avg(BankAccount.balance.as_currency("eur")))
        self.assert_compile(
            query,
            "SELECT avg(:balance_1 * bank_account.balance) AS avg_1 "
            "FROM bank_account",
            checkparams={"balance_1": Decimal("0.724743")},
        )

    def test_docstring(self):
        BankAccount = self.BankAccount
        eq_(
            BankAccount.balance.__doc__,
            "Return an Amount view of the current balance.",
        )