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%% \chapterimage{chapter-t1-bg} % Chapter heading image
\chapter{Acknowledgements}
\begingroup\small %% GZ: The whole chapter is typeset in a smaller font. Note endgroup at end of this file.
\section{Contributors to this User Guide}
\label{sec:Contributors}
When not listed as chapter authors, the following were the main contributors to the User Guide, mostly for versions before V0.15:
\noindent%
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l|X}
\toprule
Matthew Gates & Primary author of the first User Guide (versions 0.9 to 0.12)\\
Paul Robinson &Sky guide; exercise ideas\\
Andras Mohari &Celestial sphere diagrams; numerous corrections\\
Rudy Gobits, Dirk Schwarzhans & Mac platform specifics\\
Barry Gerdes (\textdagger{}2014) &Windows platform specifics \\
% &Large parts of Ch.~\ref{ch:Phenomena} (Astronomical Phenomena)\\ %% Mentioned as Chapter Author
&Customisation of .fab files\\
% &Ch.~\ref{ch:Landscapes} Making a custom landscape (first version) \\ %% Mentioned as Chapter Author, and the old chapter has been superseded.
&Documentation Maintainer up to V0.12\\
Sigma &Japanese translation; many corrections\\ %% FOR FIRST EDITION.
Richard Powell & Figure~\ref{fig:colourmag} (colour/magnitude diagram) is a modification of his diagram;
he kindly granted permission for it to be distributed under the FDL\\
John Twin & Many spelling corrections \\\midrule
Georg Zotti & Lead author of the 0.15+ editions\\
Alexander Wolf & New layout, many contributions for the 0.15+ editions\\
The rest of the Stellarium developer team & You know who you are\ldots :-)\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
Additional material has been incorporated into the guide from sources
that are published under the GNU FDL, including material from Wikipedia
and the Astronomy book at Wikibooks.
\section{Developers}
\label{sec:Developers}
Stellarium is not a company. It is a project created by a community of
amateur and professional astronomers, software engineers, 3D graphics
experts, cultural astronomers and experts in other related
fields. Together we created something unique.
\subsection{Developers}
\begin{description}
\item[Project coordinator \& lead developer] Fabien Chéreau
\item[Graphic/other designer] Martín Bernardi
\item[Developer] Guillaume Chéreau
\item[Developer] Georg Zotti
\item[Developer] Alexander V. Wolf
\item[Developer] Ruslan Kabatsayev
\item[Developer] Worachate Boonplod
\item[Developer] Henry Leung
\item[Sky cultures researcher] Susanne M. Hoffmann
\item[Tester] Khalid AlAjaji
\end{description}
\subsection{Former Developers}
Several people have made significant contributions, but are no longer active. Their work has made a big difference to the project:
\begin{description}
\item[Graphic/other designer] Johan Meuris
\item[Doc author/developer] Matthew Gates
\item[Developer] Johannes Gajdosik
\item[Developer] Rob Spearman
\item[Developer] Bogdan Marinov
\item[Developer] Timothy Reaves
\item[Developer] Florian Schaukowitsch
\item[Developer] András Mohari
\item[Developer] Mike Storm
\item[Developer] Ferdinand Majerech
\item[Developer] Jörg Müller
\item[Developer] Marcos Cardinot
\item[OSX Developer] Nigel Kerr
\item[OSX Developer] Diego Marcos
\item[Continuous Integration] Hans Lambermont
\end{description}
\subsection{Contributors}
Many individuals have made contributions to the project and their work has made Stellarium better. Alphabetically sorted list of all contributors:
% Copied from the program's Help/About panel. Non-printable characters removed.
Adam Majer, Adriano Steffler, Alec Clews, Alessandro Siniscalchi, Alex Gamper, Alexander Belopolsky,
Alexander Duytschaever, Alexander Miller, Alexander V. Wolf, Alexandros Kosiaris, Alexey Dokuchaev,
Alexey Sokolov, Allan Johnson, Andras Mohari, Andrei Borza, Andrew Jeddeloh, Andy Kirkham, Angelo Fraietta,
Annette S. Lee, Antoine Jacoutot, Anton Samoylov, Arjen de Korte, Aspere, Atque, Barry Gerdes, Bernd K,
Björn Höfling, Bogdan Marinov, Brian Kloppenborg, Cassy, Chi Huynh, ChrUnger, Chris Xiao, Clement Sommelet,
Clepalitto, Colin Gaudion, Cosimo Cecchi, Dan Joplin, Dan Smale, Daniel, Daniel Adastra, Daniel De Mickey,
Daniel Michalik, Danny Milosavljevic, Dark Dragon, David Baucum, Dempsey-p, Dhia, Diego Marcos,
Dominik Maximilián Ramík, Edgar Scholz, Elaina, Eleni Maria Stea, Emmanuel, EuklidAlexandria, Fabien Chereau,
Felix Z, Ferdinand Majerech, Florian Schaukowitsch, François Scholder, Freeman Li, FreewareTips, Froenchenko Leonid,
Fòram na Gàidhlig, Georg Zotti, Gion Kunz, GitHaarek, Giuseppe Putzolu, Greg Alexander, Guillaume Chereau,
Guillaume Communie, Gábor Péterffy, Hans Lambermont, Hector Quemada, Henry Leung, Hernan Martinez, Hleb Valoshka,
Holger, Holger Nießner, Iceflower, Ivan Marti-Vidal, J.L.Canales, JAY RESPLER, JMejuto, Jack Schmidt, Jean-Philippe Lambert,
Jocelyn GIROD, Johan Meuris, Johannes Gajdosik, Jonas Persson, Jörg Müller, Katrin Leinweber, Kenan Dervišević,
Khalid AlAjaji, Kirill Snezhko, Konrad Rybka, Kutaibaa Akraa, Louis Strous, M.S. Adityan, Maciej Serylak, Marc Espie,
Marcos Cardinot, Martin Bernardi, Martin Bernardi (Laptop), Matt Hughes, Matthew Gates, Matthias Drochner,
Matwey V. Kornilov, Max Digruber, Michael Dickens, Michael Storm, Michael Taylor, Michal Sojka, Mike Boyle,
Mike Garrahan, Minmin Gong, Mircea Lite, Miroslav Broz, Mykyta Sytyi, Nick Fedoseev, Nick Kanel, Nicolas Martignoni,
Nidroide, Nir Lichtman, Norman Rasmussen, Oleg Ginzburg, Oscar Roig Felius, Paolo Cancedda (Pac), Paolo Stivanin,
ParkSangJun, Patrick, Paul Krizak, Pavel Klimenko, Pawel Stolowski, Peter, Peter Hickey, Peter Mousley, Peter Neubauer,
Peter Vasey, Peter Walser, Petr Kubánek, Pino Toscano, Pluton Helleformer, Qam1, RVS, Ralph Schäfermeier, Ray, Rob Spearman,
Robert S. Fuller, Roland Bosa, Ross Mitchell, Rumen Bogdanovski, Ruslan Kabatsayev, Sam Lanning, Sebastian Jennen,
Sergej Krivonos, Sergey, Shantanu Agarwal, Sibi Antony, SilverAstro, Simon Parzer, Song Li, Sripath Roy Koganti,
Steven Bellavia, Sun Shuwei, Susanne M Hoffmann, Sveinn í Felli, Tanmoy Saha, Teemu Nätkinniemi, Teresa Huertas, Thilo,
Thomas1664, Tig la Pomme, Timothy Reaves, Tomasz Buchert, Tony Furr, TotalCaesar659, Tuomas Teipainen, Tēvita O. Kaʻili,
Vancho Stojkoski, Vicente Reyes, Victor Reijs, Vishvas Vasuki, Vladislav Bataron, Volker Hören, Wang Siliang,
William Formyduval, Wolfgang Laun, Wonkyo Choe, Worachate Boonplod, Yaakov Selkowitz, Youssif Ghantous Filho,
Yuri Chornoivan, Yury Solomonov, adalava, afontenot, bkuhls, bv6679, chithihuynh, colossatr0n, henrysky, leonardcj,
luz paz, luzpaz, misibacsi, pkrawczun, rikardfalkeborn, riodoro1, sebagr, tofilwiktor, uwes-ufo, ysjbserver,
zhu1995zpb, Łukasz 'sil2100' Zemczak.
\section{How you can help}
\label{sec:HowYouCanHelp}
We especially welcome contributions in shape of working program code
for interesting features, but also bug reports, feature requests and
other feedback through the usual channels (trackers, forums and so
on):
\begin{description}
\item[Stellarium on Github] \url{https://github.com/Stellarium/}
%\item[Bug tracker] \url{https://bugs.launchpad.net/stellarium}
%\item[Questions for Stellarium (FAQ)\index{FAQ}] \url{https://answers.launchpad.net/stellarium}
\item[Questions for Stellarium (FAQ)\index{FAQ}] \url{https://github.com/Stellarium/stellarium/wiki/FAQ}
\item[Current issues (FAQ)\index{FAQ}] \url{https://github.com/Stellarium/stellarium/wiki/Common-Problems-for-the-current-version}
\item[Google Group] \url{https://groups.google.com/group/stellarium}
%\item[Feedback forum] \url{https://sourceforge.net/p/stellarium/discussion/278769/}
%\item[Blueprints for Stellarium] \url{https://blueprints.launchpad.net/stellarium}
\end{description}
Another form of support, donations, can be given via
\url{https://opencollective.com/stellarium/donate}.
\section{Technical Articles}
\label{sec:ack:technical}
% 2018-02-07: Put used data from git here.
Stellarium would not look the same and work without these works from computer graphics and astronomy.
\begin{description}
\item[The tone reproductor class]
The class mainly performs a fast implementation of the algorithm
from \citet{TumblinRushmeier:1993}, with more accurate values from \citet{DevlinChalmersWilkie:2002}.
The blue shift formula is taken from \citet{WannJensen:2000} and combined with the Scotopic vision formula from \citet{Larson:1997}.
\item[The skylight class]
The class governs sky colors and is a fast implementation of the algorithm by \citet{Preetham:1999}.
\item[The skybright class]
The class governs physical sky brightness values based on Bradley Schaefer's \program{VISLIMIT.BAS} basic source code \citep{Schaefer:1998}.
% from Brad Schaefer's article on pages 57-60, May 1998 _Sky & Telescope_, "To the Visual Limits".
The basic sources are available on the Sky and Telescope web site (code ``offered as-is and without support'').
\item[The $\Delta T$ calculations]
For implementation of calculation routines for $\Delta T$ we used the following sources:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $\Delta T$ webpage by Rob van Gent: \url{https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/deltat/deltat.htm}
\item \citetp{Espenak-Meeus:2006} (\url{https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/deltatpoly2004.html})
\item \citetp{Espenak:2014} (\url{https://eclipsewise.com/help/deltatpoly2014.html})
\item \citetp{1948AJ.....53..169C}
\item \citetp{1939MNRAS..99..541S} %``The Rotation of the Earth, and the Secular Accelerations of the Sun, Moon and Planets''
\item \citetp{1979AcA....29..101S} %``Polynomial approximations for the correction delta T E.T.-U.T. in the period 1800-1975''
\item \citetp{1988A&A...205L...8B} %"ELP 2000-85 and the dynamic time-universal time relation"
\item \citetp{1988AN....309..219S} %``Empirical Transformations from U.T. to E.T. for the Period 1800-1988''
\item \citetp{2004JHA....35..327M} %``Historical values of the Earth's clock error DeltaT and the calculation of eclipses''
with Addendum \citep{2005JHA....36..339M}
\item \citetp{2000JBAA..110..323M}% ``Polynomial approximations to Delta T, 1620-2000 AD''
%% DISABLED NEXT: This only uses Schoch!
%\item \citetp{2009ASPC..409..166H} %``Einstein's Theory of Relativity Confirmed by Ancient Solar Eclipses'', Henriksson G.,
\item \citetp{Mucke-Meeus:Solar:1983}% ``Canon of Solar Eclipses''
\item \citetp{1975grhe.conf..459M} %``The accelerations of the earth and moon from early astronomical observations''
\item \citetp{1978tfer.conf....5S} %``Pre-Telescopic Astronomical Observations''%, Stephenson F.R.,
\item \citetp{1984RSPTA.313...47S} %``Long-term changes in the rotation of the earth - 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980''
\item \citetp{1995RSPTA.351..165S} %``Long-Term Fluctuations in the Earth's Rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990''
\item \citetp{Stephenson:1997} %``Historical Eclipses and Earth's Rotation''%by F. R. Stephenson (1997)
\item \citetp{AstronomicalAlgorithms:1998} %``Astronomical Algorithms''
\item \citetp{Montenbruck-Pfleger:2000} % ``Astronomy on the Personal Computer''
\item \citetp{Reingold-Dershowitz:2001} %``Calendrical Calculations''
\item $\Delta T$ webpage by V. Reijs: \url{http://www.iol.ie/~geniet/eng/DeltaTeval.htm}
\end{enumerate}
\item[Precession:] \citetp{2011AA:Vondrak} with correction \citep{2012AA:Vondrak}
\item[Nutation:] \citetp{Nutation:IAU2000B} %Dennis D. McCarthy and Brian J. Luzum: An Abridged Model of the Precession-Nutation of the Celestial Pole.
This model provides accuracy better than 1 milli-arcsecond in the
time 1995-2050. It is applied for years -4000..+8000 only.
\item[Martian polar caps:] Based on data from \citet{MarsPoles:2009} and \citet{MarsRotation:2015}.\newFeature{0.22.0}
\item[Solar limb darkening:] \citet{LimbDarkening:2002}.\newFeature{23.1}
\item[Color of Neptune:] \citet{UranusNeptuneColor:2024}.\newFeature{25.1}
\end{description}
\section{Included Source Code}
\label{sec:ack:code}
\begin{itemize}
\item Some computation of the sidereal time (\file{sidereal\_time.h/c}) and Pluto
orbit contains code from the libnova library (LGPL) by Liam Girdwood.
\item The \file{orbit.cpp/h} and \file{solve.h} files were directly borrowed from
\program{Celestia} (Chris Laurel; GPL license). They have now evolved a bit.
\item Several implementations of IMCCE theories for planet and satellite movement by Johannes Gajdosik
(MIT-style license, see the corresponding files for the license text)
\item The tesselation algorithms were originally extracted from the glues
library version 1.4 by Mike Gorchak \url{<mike@malva.ua>} (SGI FREE SOFTWARE LICENSE B).
\item OBJ loader in the Scenery3D plugin based on glObjViewer (c) 2007 dhpoware
\item Parts of the code to work with DE430/DE431 and DE440/DE441 data files have been taken from Project Pluto (GPL license).
\item The \file{SpoutLibrary.dll} and header from the SpoutSDK version 2.005 available at \url{http://spout.zeal.co} (BSD license).
\end{itemize}
\section{Data}
\label{sec:ack:data}
\begin{enumerate}
\item The Hipparcos star catalog
From ESA (European Space Agency) and the Hipparcos mission. ref. ESA, 1997, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, ESA SP-1200 \url{http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ftp/cats/I/239}
% TODO: NEXT ENTRY should be changed to ExplanSuppl./WGRE
\item The solar system data mainly comes from IMCCE and partly from Celestia.
\item Polynesian constellations are based on diagrams from the Polynesian Voyaging Society
% TODO: MAKE SURE THIS IS STILL VCALID WITH THE NEW VERSION 2018.
\item Chinese constellations are based on diagrams from the Hong Kong Space Museum
\item Egyptian constellations are based on the work of Juan Antonio Belmonte, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
\item The Tycho-2 Catalogue of the 2.5 Million Brightest Stars Hog E., Fabricius C., Makarov V.V., Urban S., Corbin T., Wycoff G., Bastian U., Schwekendiek P., Wicenec A.
Astron. Astrophys. 355, L27 (2000)
\url{http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ftp/cats/I/259}
\item Naval Observatory Merged Astrometric Dataset (NOMAD) version 1 (\url{http://www.nofs.navy.mil/nomad})
Norbert Zacharias writes:
\begin{quotation}
``There are no fees, both UCAC and NOMAD are freely available with the only requirement that the source of the data (U.S.
Naval Observatory) and original product name need to be provided with any distribution, as well as a description about any
changes made to the data, if at all.''
\end{quotation}
The changes made to the data are:
\begin{itemize}
\item try to compute visual magnitude and color from the b,v,r values
\item compute $\mathrm{nr\_of\_measurements} = \mathrm{the\ number\ of\ valid\ b,v,r\ values}$
\item throw away or keep stars (depending on magnitude, nr\_of\_measurements, combination of flags, tycho2 number)
\item add all stars from Hipparcos (incl.\ component solutions), and tycho2+1st supplement
\item reorganize the stars in several brightness levels and triangular zones according to position and magnitude
\end{itemize}
The programs that are used to generate the star files are called
\program{MakeCombinedCatalogue}, \program{ParseHip}, \program{ParseNomad}, and can be
found in the util subdirectory in source code. The position,
magnitudes, and proper motions of the stars coming from NOMAD
are unchanged, except for a possible loss of precision,
especially in magnitude. When there is no V magnitude, it is
estimated from R or B magnitude. When there is no B or V
magnitude, the color B-V is estimated from the other magnitudes.
Also proper motions of faint stars are neglected at all.
\item Stellarium's Catalog of Variable Stars based on General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS) version 2013Apr. \url{http://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/gcvs/}
Samus N.N., Durlevich O.V., Kazarovets E V., Kireeva N.N., Pastukhova E.N., Zharova A.V., et al., General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2012)
\url{http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?cat=B%2Fgcvs&}
\item Consolidated DSO catalog was created from various data:
\begin{enumerate}
\item NGC/IC data taken from SIMBAD Astronomical Database \url{http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr}
\item Distance to NGC/IC data taken from NED (NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE) \url{http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu}
\item Catalogue of HII Regions (Sharpless, 1959) (\url{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/20})
\item H-$\alpha$ emission regions in the Southern Milky Way (Rodgers+, 1960) (\url{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/216})
\item Catalogue of Reflection Nebulae (Van den Bergh, 1966) (\url{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/21})
\item Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae (LDN) (Lynds, 1962) (\url{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/7A})
\item Lynds' Catalogue of Bright Nebulae (Lynds, 1965) (\url{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/9})
\item Catalog of bright diffuse Galactic nebulae (Cederblad, 1946) (\url{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/231})
\item Barnard's Catalogue of 349 Dark Objects in the Sky (Barnard, 1927) (\url{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/220A})
\item A Catalogue of Star Clusters shown on Franklin-Adams Chart Plates (Melotte, 1915) from NASA ADS (\url{http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1915MmRAS..60..175M})
\item On Structural Properties of Open Galactic Clusters and their Spatial Distribution. Catalog of Open Galactic Clusters (Collinder, 1931)
from NASA ADS (\url{http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931AnLun...2....1C})
\item The Collinder Catalog of Open Star Clusters. An Observer’s Checklist. Edited by Thomas Watson
from CloudyNights (\url{http://www.cloudynights.com/page/articles/cat/articles/the-collinder-catalog-updated-r2467})
\end{enumerate}
\item Cross-identification of objects in consolidated DSO catalog was made with:
\begin{enumerate}
\item SIMBAD Astronomical Database \url{http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr}
\item Merged catalogue of reflection nebulae (Magakian, 2003) \url{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-3?-source=J/A+A/399/141}
\item Messier Catalogue from Wikipedia (includes morphological classification and distances) \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Messier_objects}
\item Caldwell Catalogue from Wikipedia (includes morphological classification and distances) \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldwell_catalogue}
\end{enumerate}
\item Morphological classification and magnitudes (partially) for Melotte catalogue from DeepSkyPedia \url{http://deepskypedia.com/wiki/List:Melotte}
\end{enumerate}
\section{Graphics}
\label{sec:ack:images}
All graphics are copyrighted by the Stellarium's Team (GNU GPLv2 or later)
except the ones mentioned below:
\begin{itemize}
\item The ``earthmap'' texture was created by NASA (Reto Stockli, NASA Earth
Observatory) using data from the MODIS instrument aboard the
Terra satellite (Public Domain). See section~\ref{sec:ack:credits:stockli} for full
credits.
\item Moon texture map was combined from maps by USGS Astrogeology Research
Program,
\url{http://astrogeology.usgs.gov} (Public Domain, DFSG-free) and by Lunar
surface textures from Celestia, based on Clementine data (Public
Domain).
\item Jupiter map created by James Hastings-Trew from Cassini data. ``The
maps are free to download and use as source material or resource
in artwork or rendering (CGI or real time).''
\item The Sun and Iapetus maps, and rings of Uranus
are from Celestia (\url{http://shatters.net/celestia/})
under the GNU General Purpose License, version 2 or any later
version:
\begin{itemize}
\item Iapetus map is from dr. Fridger Schrempp (t00fri).
\end{itemize}
\item The Amalthea, Europa, Ganymede, Gaspra,Mercury, Uranus, Neptune, Mimas,
Bianca, Epimetheus, Ida, Vesta, Hyperion, Io, Janus, Phoebe, Saturn,
Tethys, Venus, Ceres, Uranus, Epimetheus, Deimos, Proteus and comet
maps are processed by Oleg Pluton a.k.a Helleformer
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item The Titania, Umbriel, Pluto, Charon, Sedna and 2007 OR10 maps are created
by Kexitt and postprocessed by Oleg Pluton a.k.a Helleformer
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item The Ariel, Haumea, Miranda, Oberon and Nereid maps are created by
Snowfall and postprocessed by Oleg Pluton a.k.a Helleformer
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item The Eris and Dysnomia maps are created by MrSpace43 and postprocessed by
Oleg Pluton a.k.a Helleformer
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item The Rhea map are created by FarGetaNik and postprocessed by Oleg Pluton
a.k.a Helleformer
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item The Titan (Clouds) map are created by Magenta Meteorite and postprocessed
by Oleg Pluton a.k.a Helleformer
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Callisto map is created by John van Vliet from PDS
data and modified by RVS. License: cc-by-sa.
\item Dione and Enceladus maps are created by NASA (CICLOPS team)
from Cassini data, colored by RVS. Public domain.
\item All other planet maps from David Seal's site:
\url{http://maps.jpl.nasa.gov/} see license in section ~\ref{sec:ack:credits:jpl}
\item Bennu map is created by NASA from OSIRIS-REx spacecraft data. Public domain.
Full size mosaic: \url{https://www.asteroidmission.org/bennu_global_mosaic/}
\item The fullsky milky way panorama is created by Axel Mellinger,
University of Potsdam, Germany. Further information and more
pictures available from
\url{http://home.arcor-online.de/axel.mellinger/}
License: permission given to ``Modify and redistribute this image
if proper credit to the original image is given.''
\item All messiers nebula pictures except those mentioned below from the
Grasslands Observatory : ``Images courtesy of Tim Hunter and
James McGaha, Grasslands Observatory at \url{http://www.3towers.com}.''
License: permission given to ``use the image freely'' (including
right to modify and redistribute) ``as long as it is credited.''
\item M31 pictures come from LEE ang HG731GZ
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC4526, NGC6544, NGC6553
from Yang Kai
License: public domain
\item Images of M1, M27, M57, M97, NGC6946 from Stephane
Dumont
\item Images of NGC856, NGC884 from Maxime Spano
\item Constellation art, GUI buttons, logo created by Johan Meuris
(jomejome at users.sourceforge.net)
\url{http://www.johanmeuris.eu/}
License: released under the Free Art License
(\url{http://artlibre.org/licence.php/lalgb.html})
Icon created by Johan Meuris
License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
\item The ``earth-clouds'' texture includes imagery owned by NASA.
See NASA's Visible Earth project at http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/
License: \begin{enumerate}
\item The imagery is free of licensing fees
\item NASA requires that they be provided a credit as the
owners of the imagery
\end{enumerate}
The cloud texturing was taken from Celestia (GPL),
\url{http://www.shatters.net/celestia/}
\item The folder icon derived from the Tango Desktop Project, used under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike
license.
\item Images of NGC7317, NGC7319, NGC7320
from Andrey Kuznetsov, Kepler Observatory
\url{http://kepler-observatorium.ru}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC2903, NGC3185, NGC3187, NGC3189,
NGC3190, NGC3193, NGC3718, NGC3729, NGC5981, NGC5982,
NGC5985
from Oleg Bryzgalov
\url{http://olegbr.astroclub.kiev.ua/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Image of eta Carinae
from Harel Boren
\url{http://www.pbase.com/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC3726
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/George Hickey/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of M21, M47, NGC3324, NGC7590, RCW158
from Trevor Gerdes
\url{http://www.sarcasmogerdes.com/}
\item Images of NGC1532
from users of Ice In Space
\url{http://www.iceinspace.com.au/}
\item Images of NGC3293
from ESO/G. Beccari
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of SMC (Magellanic Clouds) from Albert Van
Donkelaar
\item Images of NGC1261, NGC3201, NGC4833, NGC5286, NGC5823, NGC6025, NGC6087,
NGC6101, NGC6124, NGC6352, NGC6397, NGC6541, NGC6752
from Tian Mai, Image processing: Sun Shuwei
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item The Vesta and Ceres map was taken from USGS website
\url{https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/}
and colored by RVS. License: public domain.
\item Images of M15, M24, M51, M58, M63, M76, M82, M96, M101,
M105, M106, IC1727, NGC246, NGC457, NGC467,
NGC470, NGC474, NGC488, NGC672, NGC691, NGC1514, NGC1961,
NGC2174, NGC2371, NGC2392, NGC2403, NGC2506, NGC2655, NGC2685,
NGC2805, NGC2814, NGC2820, NGC2841, NGC3079, NGC3166,
NGC3310, NGC3344, NGC3359, NGC3504, NGC3512, NGC3521,
NGC3938, NGC4151, NGC4274, NGC4535, NGC4559, NGC4631, NGC4656,
NGC4657, NGC5033, NGC5363, NGC7008, NGC7331, NGC7479,
NGC7640, NGC7789, PGC1803573, Barnard 142, Barnard 173,
Sh2-101, Sh2-188, LDN1235, Sadr region (Gamma Cygni), Medusa,
Jones-Emberson 1, NGC2146
from Peter Vasey, Plover Hill Observatory
\url{http://www.madpc.co.uk/~peterv/}
\item Image of IC3568 from Howard Bond (Space Telescope Science Institute), Robin Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State University) and NASA
License: public domain
\item Image of solar corona from eclipse 2008-08-01 by Georg Zotti
\item Images of NGC2359 from Carole Pope
\url{https://sites.google.com/site/caroleastroimaging/}
\item Images of NGC2261, NGC2818, NGC2936, NGC3314, NGC3690, NGC3918,
NGC4038-4039, NGC5257, NGC5307, NGC6027, NGC6050, NGC6369, NGC6826, NGC7742, IC883,
IC4406, PGC2248, UGC1810, UGC8335, UGC9618, Red Rectangle and Calabash Nebula
from NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble
Collaboration
License: public domain; \url{http://hubblesite.org/copyright/}
\item Image of NGC40 from Steven Bellavia
\item Images of NGC2467, NGC6590, Barnard Loop, IC342
from Sun Shuwei
License: public domain
\item Images of M77, NGC3180, NGC5474, NGC6231, Sh2-264, Sh2-308, LDN1622
from Wang Lingyi
License: public domain
\item Images of PGC6830, PGC29653 from Lowell Observatory
\url{http://www2.lowell.edu/}
License: public domain
\item Images of M89, IC2220, IC2631, NGC1433, NGC2434, NGC3572, PGC10074,
RCW32, RCW38, RCW49, Fornax Cluster, Virgo Cluster
from ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC3603
from ESO/La Silla Observatory
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC4228, NGC4244
from Ole Nielsen
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic
\item Images of NGC2808, NGC7023, Hercules Cluster
from NASA
License: public domain
\item Images of M44, IC1396
from Giuseppe Donatiello
License: Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
\item Images of M12, M14, M20, M22, M55, M56, M62, M88, M92, M108,
IC5146, NGC225, NGC281, NGC663, NGC891, NGC1931, NGC6823, NGC7814
from Hewholooks
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC4565 from Ken Crawford
\url{http://www.imagingdeepsky.com/}
License: This work is free and may be used by anyone for any purpose.
If you wish to use this content, you do not need to request permission
as long as you follow any licensing requirements mentioned on this page.
\item Images of M61, M64, M65, M66, M91, M99, M100, NGC613, NGC772, NGC918, NGC1042, NGC1360, NGC1398,
NGC1501, NGC1535, NGC1555, NGC2158, NGC2282, NGC2346, NGC2362, NGC2440, NGC2683, NGC2775, NGC3132,
NGC3242, NGC3486, NGC3750, NGC4170, NGC4216, NGC4361, NGC4395, NGC4414,,NGC4450, NGC4676, NGC4725,
NGC5216, NGC5248, NGC5426, NGC5466, NGC6302, NGC6522, NGC6543, NGC6563, NGC6781, NGC6894, NGC7000,
NGC7354, NGC7822, SH2-136, UGC3697, Abell31, Abell33, Abell39, Cassiopeia A, LBN438, Wild's Triplet
from Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
\url{http://www.caelumobservatory.com/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of IC1295, NGC134, NGC92, NGC55, NGC908, NGC936, NGC1232, NGC1313,
NGC1792, NGC1978, NGC2207, NGC2736, NGC3199, NGC3699, NGC3766, NGC3532, NGC4945, NGC5128, NGC5189,
NGC6537, NGC6769, NGC6822, NGC7793
from ESO
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of M33, M42, NGC253, NGC5566, LBN782, the Pleiades
from HG731GZ
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of M8, M17, M94, IC2944, IC4628, NGC5367, NGC6357,
NGC6334, NGC7293, LDN43, SMC (Hydrogen Alpha)
from Dylan O'Donnell
\url{http://deography.com/}
License: public domain
\item Images of NGC247
No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims).
No machine-readable author provided. Fany Toporenko assumed (based on copyright claims).
License: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is
included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.
\item Images of Sh2-73, Sh2-129
from Maurizio Cabibbo, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of M16, IC4592, IC4601, NGC4236, NGC6914, Perseus Cluster
from Sun Gang
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC4651, NGC5906
from R. Jay GaBany
\url{https://www.cosmotography.com/images/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC7662
from Gianluca.pollastri
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of M2, M3, M4, M5, M13, M10, M28, M30, M53, M69, M71, M75, M85, M102,
M107, IC10, NGC6144, PGC143, UGC12613
from Starhopper
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of M95, NGC520, NGC660, NGC925, NGC1300, NGC4490, NGC6888, NGC7129, NGC7497
from Jschulman555
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of M98
from Clh288
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic
\item Images of NGC6818
from Robert Rubin (NASA/ESA Ames Research Center), Reginald Dufour and Matt Browning (Rice University), Patrick Harrington (University of Maryland), and NASA/ESA
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6188
from Ivan Bok
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC6188
from Friendlystar
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC1023
from Fryns Fryns
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: public domain
\item Images of NGC1269, NGC3195
from Zhu Ying
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of IC2118, NGC1499
from Zhao Jingna
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of UGC10822
from Science NASA, ESA, Eduardo Vitral (STScI), Roeland van der Marel (STScI), Sangmo Tony Sohn (STScI), DSS Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Public domain
\item Images of IC2169, NGC2244, NGC3077, SH2-155, SH2-263, Barnard 22, Barnard207,
Abell85
from Keesscherer
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC3115
from Mi Lan
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC3621
from ESO and Joe DePasquale
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2547
from ESO/J.Perez
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of M83
from TRAPPIST/E. Jehin/ESO
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of DWB111, IC405, IC410, IC443, IC1805, IC1848, IC2177,
NGC288, NGC404, NGC1097, NGC1931, NGC2264, LBN437, Sh2-191, Sh2-247
from Giuseppe Donatiello, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://flickr.com/photos/133259498@N05/}
License: Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
\item Images of NGC1055
from Jeffjnet
\url{http://www.iceinspace.com.au/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC2867, NGC6884
from Howard Bond (ST ScI) and NASA/ESA
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC4567
from Klaus Hohmann
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Germany
\item Images of RCW53
from Kong Fanxi
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC5897
from San Esteban
\url{http://www.astrosurf.com}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC6388
from ESO, F. Ferraro (University of Bologna)
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC7380, SH2-80, SH2-106
from Cristina Cellini
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6744
from Zhuokai Liu, Jiang Yuhang
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2170, SH2-240
from Rogelio Bernal Andreo
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of VDB 152
from Hubble Space Telescope
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6905
from Tom Wildoner
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2623
from NASA, ESA and A. Evans (Stony Brook University, New York, University of Virginia \& National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, USA)
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of IC4634, NGC3808, NGC5882, NGC6210, NGC6572, NGC6741
from ESA/Hubble \& NASA
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6240, PGC33423
from NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, and A. Evans (University of Virginia, Charlottesville/NRAO/Stony Brook University)
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of UGC5470
from Friendlystar
\url{https://ko.wikipedia.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of UGC6253, UGC9749
from Giuseppe Donatiello
\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/}
License: public domain
\item Images of UGC10214
from NASA, Holland Ford (JHU), the ACS Science Team and ESA
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6503, NGC7714, Hydra Cluster
from NASA, ESA, Digitized Sky Survey 2
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2477
from Guillermo Abramson
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC4755
from ESO/Y. Beletsky
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC7538
from J. Aleu
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: public domain
\item Images of IC2395, IC4756, NGC3114, NGC6633
from Roberto Mura
\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC362
from ESO/VISTA VMC
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2997
from Adam Block/ChileScope
\url{http://www.caelumobservatory.com/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of M74, NGC1788, NGC5053, Sh2-132, Coma Cluster, Leo Cluster, barnard150, LDN673
from Bart Delsaert
\url{https://delsaert.com/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC1333
from AAE-Agrupacio Astronomica d'Eivissa
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC5139
from Jose Mtanous
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC6960
from Jose Mtanous
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: public domain
\item Images of NGC6445
from The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation Grant No. AST-1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
\url{https://ps1images.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/ps1cutouts}
License: public domain
\item Images of LMC (Magellanic Clouds)
from ESO/R. Gendler and Sun Shuwei
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. This work is a derivative of ``Map of the Large Magellanic Cloud'' and ``The entire Large Magellanic Cloud with annotations'' by ESO/R. Gendler, used under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International by Sun Shuwei.
\item Images of rho Oph
from ESO/S. Guisard
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of IC59, IC63
from Zhang Ruiping
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6366
from Robert Eder, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of IC418, IC4593, NGC5315, NGC6751
from NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC7009 from ESO/J. Walsh
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC7027 from Judy Schmidt
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: public domain
\item Images of NGC6309, NGC6891 from Fabian RRRR
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC2022 from ESA/Hubble \& NASA, R. Wade
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC654 from Antonio F. Sanchez
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6496
from Mohamad Abbas
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of PGC3589
from ESA/Hubble, Digitized Sky Survey 2
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC1672
from Davide De Martin (ESA/Hubble), the ESA/ESO/NASA Photoshop FITS Liberator \& Digitized Sky Survey 2
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC4298
from NASA, ESA, Digitized Sky Survey 2; Acknowledgement: Davide De Martin
\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC1502
from Kamil Pecinovsky
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC752
from Tayson82
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of Sh2-170
from Wang Wei
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
\item Images of NGC2613
from ESO/IDA/Danish 1.5 m/R. Gendler, J.-E. Ovaldsen, C. Thone and C. Feron
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item The \file{miscWorldMap.jpg} image was created from NASA Blue Marble Next Generation
dataset for July 2004. Public domain.
\url{https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/images/74092/july-blue-marble-next-generation}
\item Images of M80, M90, RCW101
from NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of Dark Doodad Nebula, IC1613, NGC1216, NGC4372
from Hansjorg Walchli, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://www.deepskycorner.ch/index.de.php}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC1566, NGC1808
from Dark Energy Survey/DOE/FNAL/DECam/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, Image processing: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), J. Miller (Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab), M. Zamani \& D. de Martin (NSF NOIRLab), post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://www.deepskycorner.ch/index.de.php}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of IC289, NGC185
from Thedarksideobservatory, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC5005
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Ray and Emily Magnani/Adam Block
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC80, NGC147, NGC1491, NGC1624, NGC7026
from Radek Chromik, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://www.deepskycorner.ch/index.de.php}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of IC4954
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of IC2574, Sh2-313
from Jerry Macon, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC5395
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Doug Matthews and E. J. Jones/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of RCW77
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Doug Matthews and E. J. Jones/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://esahubble.org/}
License: public domain
\item Images of Sh2-216
from Ram samudrala, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of Sh2-174, Sh2-239
from T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) and H. Schweiker (WIYN and NOIRLab/NSF/AURA), post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of Sh2-82, Sh2-91, Sh2-119, Sh2-135, Sh2-235, Sh2-261, VDB158
from Sebastian Goralik, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://flickr.com/photos/sebastiangoralik/}
License: Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
\item Images of NGC4976
from ESO/Dss2, Giuseppe Donatiello, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://flickr.com/photos/133259498@N05/}
License: Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
\item Images of NGC3109
from DESI LIS, Giuseppe Donatiello, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://flickr.com/photos/133259498@N05/}
License: Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
\item Images of Sh2-157
from Sebastian Goralikpost-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://flickr.com/photos/sebastiangoralik/}
License: Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
\item Images of Sh2-1
from Nicolarge, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of RCW86
from CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab) Image processing: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), M. Zamani (NSF NOIRLab) \& D. de Martin (NSF NOIRLab), post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC7318
from Juan lacruz, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of IC1505, NGC70, NGC529, NGC1530, NGC2366, NGC2768, NGC3227, NGC3561,
NGC6621, NGC6951, NGC7139, NGC7741, UGC4305, Jones1
from Juan lacruz, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of M78, IC348, IC423, IC434, NGC6726, LBN550, LDN1251, Sh2-124, RCW29,
RCW58, RCW89, VDB123, Vela supernova remnant
from Manuel Peitsch, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://manuel-astro.ch/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of M7, NGC1316, NGC2442, NGC2899, RCW100, Sh2-54, Westerlund1
from ESO, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2210, NGC2579
from Legacy Surveys / D.Lang (Perimeter Institute) \& Meli thev, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://www.legacysurvey.org/acknowledgment}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC3628, Sh2-113
from Chuck Ayoub, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
\item Images of M49, M59, M60, NGC547, NGC2681, NGC3893, NGC4096, NGC4147, NGC4494,
NGC4517, NGC4527, NGC4664, NGC4697, NGC4753, NGC762, NGC6535, NGC6934,
NGC7619, UGC9792
from Sloan Digital Sky Survey
\url{https://live-sdss4org-dr14.pantheonsite.io/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC3211, NGC7492
from Legacy Surveys / D.Lang (Perimeter Institute) \& Meli thev, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of Frosty Leo Nebula
from ESA/Hubble \& NASA, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{http://www.spacetelescope.org/}
License: public domain
\item Images of NGC4666
from ESO/J. Dietrich, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{http://www.eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of M104
from Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona \& Ngc1535, post-processing, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of M72
from Starhopper, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC4699
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Michael Vogel and Robert Mitsch/Adam Block, Image processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6872
from Abdallah jawhari, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of UGC5373
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA Data obtained and processed by: P. Massey (Lowell Obs.), G. Jacoby, K. Olsen, \& C. Smith (AURA/NSF) Image processing: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), M. Zamani (NSF NOIRLab) and D. de Martin (NSF NOIRLab), post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of M54, M70
from REU Program/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of sh2-71
from Cristina Cellini, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of DWB20, sh2-173
from Astrophoto Andy, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/andyweeks/53246079280/in/dateposted/}
License: public domain
\item Images of MHC6325, NGC6355, NGC6440, NGC6638, NGC6642, NGC6717, NGC6749
from The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation Grant No. AST-1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Image processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://ps1images.stsci.edu/cgi-bin}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC5946,NGC6517
from Donald Pelletier, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
\item Images of WR134
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Luc Viatour / https://Lucnix.be at \url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WR134-Hamois-06-08-2024-Luc-Viatour.jpg}.
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC3503
from Donald Cappellettiariel, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of IC239, NGC5850
from Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona, Image processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC1569
from Adam Block/ Josep Drudis/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona, Ngc1535, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC45, NGC6337
from Meli thev, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of UGC11668
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Chas Sourek and Diana Hartrampf/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of PGC3074547
from NASA, ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://esahubble.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC289
from Adam Block/ChileScope, Ngc1535, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC1365
from ESO/IDA/Danish 1.5 m/ R. Gendler, J-E. Ovaldsen, C. Th?ne, and C. Feron., post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{http://www.eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6565
from ESA/Hubble \& NASA, Acknowledgement: M. Novak, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://esahubble.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC300
from ESO/DSS2 / Giuseppe Donatiello, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://flickr.com/photos/133259498@N05/37401736025/}
License: public domain
\item Images of M109
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/George Hatfield and Flynn Haase, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of IC5076, NGC2419, NGC4157, Ced211
from Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{http://www.caelumobservatory.com/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States
\item Images of Necklace Nebula
from NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://esahubble.org/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2300
from NASA, ESA, STScI, Adam Block (Steward Observatory), post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NGC_2276_Wide-Field_(2021-029).png}
License: public domain
\item Images of M19
from Doug Williams, REU Program/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of IC1276
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Yu-Hang Kuo at \url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/143529236@N06/51139472108/in/dateposted/}.
\url{https://www.flickr.com/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC5371
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Joe Jordan/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC3953
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Tom and Gail Haynes/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of IC1287
from Roberto Mura, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of M81, NGC1579
from Kees Scherer, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/kees-scherer/}
License: public domain
\item Images of NGC7635, Sh2-136, VDB 14, VDB 15
from K Bahr, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/158350039@N03/}
License: public domain
\item Images of NGC3786
from Rudy Kokich, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/140097441@N02/}
License: public domain
\item Images of NGC1851
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Yu-Hang Kuo at \url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/143529236@N06/46234214731/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2808
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Yu-Hang Kuo at \url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/143529236@N06/31856303507/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6356
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Yu-Hang Kuo at \url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/143529236@N06/48912086568/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6362
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Yu-Hang Kuo at \url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/143529236@N06/43257251884/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC6760
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Yu-Hang Kuo at \url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/143529236@N06/51137814465/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of Sh2-112
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Carsten Frenzl at \url{https://flickr.com/photos/castro-pic/50667636156/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of Sh2-112
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Carsten Frenzl at \url{https://flickr.com/photos/castro-pic/50666893358/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC2985
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Carsten Frenzl at \url{https://flickr.com/photos/191225735@N03/51941601154}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of M9
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Yu-Hang Kuo at \url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/143529236@N06/48912773222/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of M68
This image file was remixed, transformed, and post-processed by Sun Shuwei from the original file. The original image file was published by Yu-Hang Kuo at \url{https://www.flickr.com/photos/143529236@N06/47278554542/}.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
\item Images of Sh2-280
from Wang Jianjun, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of Sh2-282, Sh2-284
from ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgement: Davide De Martin, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{http://eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC7048
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Richard Robinson and Beverly Erdman/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC4449
from KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/John and Christie Connors/Adam Block, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{https://noirlab.edu/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\item Images of NGC3640
from ESO/INAF/M. Mirabile et al./R. Ragusa et al, post-processing: Sun Shuwei
\url{http://www.eso.org/public/}
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Full credits for ``earthmap'' texture}
\label{sec:ack:credits:stockli}
\begin{description}
\item[Author:] Reto Stockli, NASA Earth Observatory,
\url{rstockli (at) climate.gsfc.nasa.gov}
\item[Address of correspondence:]
\begin{minipage}[t]{\textwidth}
Reto Stockli\\
ETH/IAC (NFS Klima) \& NASA/GSFC Code 913 (SSAI)\\
University Irchel\\
Building 25 Room J53\\
Winterthurerstrasse 190\\
8057 Zurich, Switzerland
\end{minipage}
\item[Phone:] +41 (0)1 635 5209
\item[Fax:] +41 (0)1 362 5197
\item[Email:] \url{rstockli (at) climate.gsfc.nasa.gov}
\item[URL:] \url{http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov},
\url{http://www.iac.ethz.ch/staff/stockli}
\item[Supervisors:]
Fritz Hasler and David Herring, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
\item[Funding:]
This project was realized under the SSAI subcontract 2101-01-027 (NAS5-01070)
\item[License:]
``Any and all materials published on the Earth Observatory are
freely available for re-publication or re-use, except where
copyright is indicated.''
\end{description}
\subsection{License for the JPL planets images}
\label{sec:ack:credits:jpl}
From \url{http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/policy/index.cfm}:
\begin{quotation}
\noindent Unless otherwise noted, images and video on JPL public web sites (public
sites ending with a \texttt{jpl.nasa.gov} address) may be used for any purpose
without prior permission, subject to the special cases noted below.
Publishers who wish to have authorization may print this page and retain
it for their records; JPL does not issue image permissions on an image
by image basis. By electing to download the material from this web site
the user agrees:
\begin{enumerate}
\item that Caltech makes no representations or warranties with respect to
ownership of copyrights in the images, and does not represent others
who may claim to be authors or owners of copyright of any of the
images, and makes no warranties as to the quality of the images.
Caltech shall not be responsible for any loss or expenses resulting
from the use of the images, and you release and hold Caltech harmless
from all liability arising from such use.
\item to use a credit line in connection with images. Unless otherwise
noted in the caption information for an image, the credit line should
be ``Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech.''
\item that the endorsement of any product or service by Caltech, JPL or
NASA must not be claimed or implied.
\end{enumerate}
Special Cases:
\begin{itemize}
\item Prior written approval must be obtained to use the NASA insignia logo
(the blue ``meatball'' insignia), the NASA logotype (the red ``worm''
logo) and the NASA seal. These images may not be used by persons who
are not NASA employees or on products (including Web pages) that are
not NASA sponsored. In addition, no image may be used to explicitly
or implicitly suggest endorsement by NASA, JPL or Caltech of
commercial goods or services. Requests to use NASA logos may be
directed to Bert Ulrich, Public Services Division, NASA Headquarters,
Code POS, Washington, DC 20546, telephone (202) 358-1713, fax (202)
358-4331, email \url{bert.ulrich (at) hq.nasa.gov}.
\item Prior written approval must be obtained to use the JPL logo (stylized
JPL letters in red or other colors). Requests to use the JPL logo may
be directed to the Television/Imaging Team Leader, Media Relations
Office, Mail Stop 186-120, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA
91109, telephone (818) 354-5011, fax (818) 354-4537.
\item If an image includes an identifiable person, using the image for
commercial purposes may infringe that person's right of privacy or
publicity, and permission should be obtained from the person. NASA
and JPL generally do not permit likenesses of current employees to
appear on commercial products. For more information, consult the NASA
and JPL points of contact listed above.
\item JPL/Caltech contractors and vendors who wish to use JPL images in
advertising or public relation materials should direct requests to the
Television/Imaging Team Leader, Media Relations Office, Mail Stop
186-120, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA 91109, telephone
(818) 354-5011, fax (818) 354-4537.
\item Some image and video materials on JPL public web sites are owned by
organizations other than JPL or NASA. These owners have agreed to
make their images and video available for journalistic, educational
and personal uses, but restrictions are placed on commercial uses.
To obtain permission for commercial use, contact the copyright owner
listed in each image caption. Ownership of images and video by
parties other than JPL and NASA is noted in the caption material
with each image.
\end{itemize}
\end{quotation}
\subsection{DSS}
\label{sec:ack:credits:dss}
From \url{http://archive.stsci.edu/dss/acknowledging.html}: %, as of 2018-02-06.
\begin{quotation}
\noindent The Digitized Sky Surveys were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAG W-2166.
The images of these surveys are based on photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope.
The plates were processed into the present compressed digital form with the permission of these institutions.
The National Geographic Society - Palomar Observatory Sky Atlas (POSS-I) was made by the
California Institute of Technology with grants from the National Geographic Society.
The Second Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS-II) was made by the California Institute of Technology with
funds from the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Sloan Foundation,
the Samuel Oschin Foundation, and the Eastman Kodak Corporation.
The Oschin Schmidt Telescope is operated by the California Institute of Technology and Palomar Observatory.
The UK Schmidt Telescope was operated by the Royal Observatory Edinburgh, with funding from the
UK Science and Engineering Research Council (later the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council),
until 1988 June, and thereafter by the Anglo-Australian Observatory.
The blue plates of the southern Sky Atlas and its Equatorial Extension (together known as the SERC-J),
as well as the Equatorial Red (ER), and the Second Epoch [red] Survey (SES) were all taken with the UK Schmidt.
All data are subject to the copyright given in the copyright summary\footnote{\url{http://archive.stsci.edu/dss/copyright.html}}.
Copyright information specific to individual plates is provided in the downloaded FITS headers.
Supplemental funding for sky-survey work at the ST ScI is provided by the European Southern Observatory.
\end{quotation}
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