/* ------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Programmer(s): David J. Gardner @ LLNL
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Based a linear test problem from Estep, Ginting, and Tavener,
 * "A Posteriori analysis of a multirate numerical method for
 * ordinary differential equations," 2012 and an example program by
 * Rujeko Chinomona @ SMU.
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------
 * SUNDIALS Copyright Start
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security
 * and Southern Methodist University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 * SUNDIALS Copyright End
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Example problem:
 *
 * This example simulates an ODE system with 3 components,
 * Y = [u,v,w], given by the equations,
 *
 *   du/dt = -50v
 *   dv/dt =  50u
 *   dw/dt = -w+u+v
 *
 * for t in the interval [0.0, 1.0] with intial conditions u(0)=1.0,
 * v(0)=0.0, and w(0)=2.0. In this problem the slow time scale (w)
 * depends on the fast components (u and v), but the fast components
 * are independent of the slow component. This system has the
 * analytic soltuion,
 *
 *   u(t) = cos(50t)
 *   v(t) = sin(50t)
 *   w(t) = 5051/2501*exp(-t) - 49/2501*cos(50t) + 51/2501*sin(50t)
 *
 * This program solves the problem with the MRI stepper. Outputs are
 * printed at equal intervals of 0.1 and run statistics are printed
 * at the end.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Header files */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <arkode/arkode_mristep.h>    /* prototypes for MRIStep fcts., consts */
#include <arkode/arkode_arkstep.h>    /* prototypes for ARKStep fcts., consts */
#include <nvector/nvector_serial.h>   /* serial N_Vector types, fcts., macros */
#include <sundials/sundials_types.h>  /* def. of type 'realtype'              */

#if defined(SUNDIALS_EXTENDED_PRECISION)
#define GSYM "Lg"
#define ESYM "Le"
#define FSYM "Lf"
#else
#define GSYM "g"
#define ESYM "e"
#define FSYM "f"
#endif

/* User-supplied functions called by the solver */
static int fs(realtype t, N_Vector y, N_Vector ydot, void *user_data);
static int ff(realtype t, N_Vector y, N_Vector ydot, void *user_data);

/* Private function to compute the analytic solution */
static int ans(realtype t, N_Vector ytrue, void *user_data);

/* Private function to compute the max error in the solution */
static int err(N_Vector y, N_Vector ytrue, realtype* e);

/* Private function to check function return values */
static int check_retval(void *returnvalue, const char *funcname, int opt);

/* Main Program */
int main()
{
  /* general problem parameters */
  realtype T0 = RCONST(0.0);     /* initial time */
  realtype Tf = RCONST(1.0);     /* final time */
  realtype dTout = RCONST(0.1);  /* time between outputs */
  sunindextype NEQ = 3;          /* number of dependent vars. */
  int Nt = (int) ceil(Tf/dTout); /* number of output times */
  realtype hs = RCONST(0.001);   /* slow step size */
  realtype hf = RCONST(0.0001);  /* fast step size */
  realtype u0, v0, w0;           /* initial conditions */

  /* general problem variables */
  int retval;                               /* reusable error-checking flag */
  N_Vector y = NULL;                        /* empty vector for the computed solution */
  N_Vector ytrue = NULL;                    /* empty vector for the analytic solution */
  void *arkode_mem = NULL;                  /* empty ARKode memory structure */
  void *inner_arkode_mem = NULL;            /* empty ARKode memory structure */
  MRIStepInnerStepper inner_stepper = NULL; /* inner stepper */
  FILE *UFID;
  realtype t, tout;
  realtype error = RCONST(0.0);
  int iout;
  long int nsts, nstf, nfse, nfsi, nff, tmp;

  /*
   * Initialization
   */

  /* Create the SUNDIALS context object for this simulation. */
  SUNContext ctx = NULL;
  retval = SUNContext_Create(NULL, &ctx);
  if (check_retval(&retval, "SUNContext_Create", 1)) return 1;

  /* Set the initial contions */
  u0 = RCONST(1.0);
  v0 = RCONST(0.0);
  w0 = RCONST(2.0);

  /* Initial problem output */
  printf("\nOne way coupling ODE test problem:\n");
  printf("    initial conditions:  u0 = %"GSYM",  v0 = %"GSYM",  w0 = %"GSYM"\n",u0,v0,w0);
  printf("    hs = %"GSYM",  hf = %"GSYM"\n\n",hs,hf);

  /* Create and initialize serial vector for the solution */
  y = N_VNew_Serial(NEQ, ctx);
  if (check_retval((void *)y, "N_VNew_Serial", 0)) return 1;

  NV_Ith_S(y,0) = u0;
  NV_Ith_S(y,1) = v0;
  NV_Ith_S(y,2) = w0;

  /* Create serial vector for the analytic solution */
  ytrue = N_VClone(y);

  /*
   * Create the fast integrator and set options
   */

  /* Initialize the fast integrator. Specify the explicit fast right-hand side
     function in y'=fe(t,y)+fi(t,y)+ff(t,y), the inital time T0, and the
     initial dependent variable vector y. */
  inner_arkode_mem = ARKStepCreate(ff, NULL, T0, y, ctx);
  if (check_retval((void *) inner_arkode_mem, "ARKStepCreate", 0)) return 1;

  /* Set the fast method */
  retval = ARKStepSetTableNum(inner_arkode_mem, -1, ARKODE_KNOTH_WOLKE_3_3);
  if (check_retval(&retval, "ARKStepSetTableNum", 1)) return 1;

  /* Set the fast step size */
  retval = ARKStepSetFixedStep(inner_arkode_mem, hf);
  if (check_retval(&retval, "ARKStepSetFixedStep", 1)) return 1;

  /* Create inner stepper */
  retval = ARKStepCreateMRIStepInnerStepper(inner_arkode_mem,
                                            &inner_stepper);
  if (check_retval(&retval, "ARKStepCreateMRIStepInnerStepper", 1)) return 1;

  /*
   * Create the slow integrator and set options
   */

  /* Initialize the slow integrator. Specify the explicit slow right-hand side
     function in y'=fe(t,y)+fi(t,y)+ff(t,y), the inital time T0, the
     initial dependent variable vector y, and the fast integrator. */
  arkode_mem = MRIStepCreate(fs, NULL, T0, y, inner_stepper, ctx);
  if (check_retval((void *)arkode_mem, "MRIStepCreate", 0)) return 1;

  /* Set the slow step size */
  retval = MRIStepSetFixedStep(arkode_mem, hs);
  if (check_retval(&retval, "MRIStepSetFixedStep", 1)) return 1;

  /*
   * Integrate ODE
   */

  /* Open output stream for results, output comment line */
  UFID = fopen("ark_onewaycouple_mri_solution.txt","w");
  fprintf(UFID,"# t u v w maxerr\n");

  /* output initial condition to disk */
  fprintf(UFID," %.16"ESYM" %.16"ESYM" %.16"ESYM" %.16"ESYM" %.16"ESYM"\n",
          T0, NV_Ith_S(y,0), NV_Ith_S(y,1), NV_Ith_S(y,2), error);

  /* Main time-stepping loop: calls MRIStepEvolve to perform the
     integration, then prints results. Stops when the final time
     has been reached */
  t = T0;
  tout = T0+dTout;
  printf("        t           u           v           w       max err\n");
  printf("   ----------------------------------------------------------\n");
  printf("  %10.6"FSYM"  %10.6"FSYM"  %10.6"FSYM"  %10.6"FSYM"  %10.6"FSYM"\n",
         t, NV_Ith_S(y,0), NV_Ith_S(y,1), NV_Ith_S(y,2), error);

  for (iout=0; iout<Nt; iout++) {

    /* call integrator */
    retval = MRIStepEvolve(arkode_mem, tout, y, &t, ARK_NORMAL);
    if (check_retval(&retval, "MRIStepEvolve", 1)) break;

    /* compute the analytic solution */
    retval = ans(t, ytrue, NULL);
    if (check_retval(&retval, "ans", 1)) break;

    /* compute the error compared to the analytic solution */
    retval = err(y, ytrue, &error);
    if (check_retval(&retval, "err", 1)) break;

    /* access/print solution and error */
    printf("  %10.6"FSYM"  %10.6"FSYM"  %10.6"FSYM"  %10.6"FSYM"  %10.6"FSYM"\n",
           t, NV_Ith_S(y,0), NV_Ith_S(y,1), NV_Ith_S(y,2), error);
    fprintf(UFID," %.16"ESYM" %.16"ESYM" %.16"ESYM" %.16"ESYM" %.16"ESYM"\n",
            t, NV_Ith_S(y,0), NV_Ith_S(y,1), NV_Ith_S(y,2), error);

    /* successful solve: update time */
    tout += dTout;
    tout = (tout > Tf) ? Tf : tout;
  }
  printf("   ----------------------------------------------------------\n");
  fclose(UFID);

  /*
   * Finalize
   */

  /* Get some slow integrator statistics */
  retval = MRIStepGetNumSteps(arkode_mem, &nsts);
  check_retval(&retval, "MRIStepGetNumSteps", 1);
  retval = MRIStepGetNumRhsEvals(arkode_mem, &nfse, &nfsi);
  check_retval(&retval, "MRIStepGetNumRhsEvals", 1);

  /* Get some fast integrator statistics */
  retval = ARKStepGetNumSteps(inner_arkode_mem, &nstf);
  check_retval(&retval, "ARKStepGetNumSteps", 1);
  retval = ARKStepGetNumRhsEvals(inner_arkode_mem, &nff, &tmp);
  check_retval(&retval, "ARKStepGetNumRhsEvals", 1);

  /* Print some final statistics */
  printf("\nFinal Solver Statistics:\n");
  printf("   Steps: nsts = %li, nstf = %li\n", nsts, nstf);
  printf("   Total RHS evals:  Fs = %li,  Ff = %li\n", nfse, nff);

  /* Clean up and return */
  N_VDestroy(y);                             /* Free y vector */
  N_VDestroy(ytrue);                         /* Free ytrue vector */
  ARKStepFree(&inner_arkode_mem);            /* Free integrator memory */
  MRIStepInnerStepper_Free(&inner_stepper);  /* Free inner stepper */
  MRIStepFree(&arkode_mem);                  /* Free integrator memory */
  SUNContext_Free(&ctx);                     /* Free context */

  return 0;
}

/* ------------------------------
 * Functions called by the solver
 * ------------------------------*/

/* ff routine to compute the fast portion of the ODE RHS. */
static int ff(realtype t, N_Vector y, N_Vector ydot, void *user_data)
{
  realtype w = NV_Ith_S(y,2);                 /* access solution values */

  /* fill in the RHS function */
  NV_Ith_S(ydot,0) = RCONST(0.0);
  NV_Ith_S(ydot,1) = RCONST(0.0);
  NV_Ith_S(ydot,2) = -w;

  /* Return with success */
  return 0;
}

/* fs routine to compute the slow portion of the ODE RHS. */
static int fs(realtype t, N_Vector y, N_Vector ydot, void *user_data)
{
  realtype c1 = RCONST(50.0);                 /* problem constant */
  realtype u  = NV_Ith_S(y,0);                /* access solution values */
  realtype v  = NV_Ith_S(y,1);

  /* fill in the RHS function */
  NV_Ith_S(ydot,0) = -c1*v;
  NV_Ith_S(ydot,1) =  c1*u;
  NV_Ith_S(ydot,2) =  u+v;

  /* Return with success */
  return 0;
}

/* ------------------------------------
 * Private solution and error functions
 * ------------------------------------*/

/* function to compute the analytic solution of the ODE */
static int ans(realtype t, N_Vector ytrue, void *user_data)
{
  realtype c1 = RCONST(50.0);
  realtype c2 = RCONST(5051.0)/RCONST(2501.0);
  realtype c3 = RCONST(49.0)/RCONST(2501.0);
  realtype c4 = RCONST(51.0)/RCONST(2501.0);

  /* fill in the solution vector */
  NV_Ith_S(ytrue,0) = cos(c1*t);
  NV_Ith_S(ytrue,1) = sin(c1*t);
  NV_Ith_S(ytrue,2) = c2*exp(-t) - c3*cos(c1*t) + c4*sin(c1*t);

  /* Return with success */
  return 0;
}

/* function to compute the max error in the solution */
static int err(N_Vector y, N_Vector ytrue, realtype* e)
{
  /* compute the error and store it in ytrue */
  N_VLinearSum(RCONST(1.0), y, RCONST(-1.0), ytrue, ytrue);

  /* compute the max norm of the error */
  *e = N_VMaxNorm(ytrue);

  /* return with success */
  return(0);
}

/* ------------------------------
 * Private helper functions
 * ------------------------------*/

/* Check function return value...
    opt == 0 means SUNDIALS function allocates memory so check if
             returned NULL pointer
    opt == 1 means SUNDIALS function returns a retval so check if
             retval < 0
    opt == 2 means function allocates memory so check if returned
             NULL pointer
*/
static int check_retval(void *returnvalue, const char *funcname, int opt)
{
  int *retval;

  /* Check if SUNDIALS function returned NULL pointer - no memory allocated */
  if (opt == 0 && returnvalue == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "\nSUNDIALS_ERROR: %s() failed - returned NULL pointer\n\n",
            funcname);
    return 1; }

  /* Check if retval < 0 */
  else if (opt == 1) {
    retval = (int *) returnvalue;
    if (*retval < 0) {
      fprintf(stderr, "\nSUNDIALS_ERROR: %s() failed with retval = %d\n\n",
              funcname, *retval);
      return 1; }}

  /* Check if function returned NULL pointer - no memory allocated */
  else if (opt == 2 && returnvalue == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "\nMEMORY_ERROR: %s() failed - returned NULL pointer\n\n",
            funcname);
    return 1; }

  return 0;
}


/*---- end of file ----*/