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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html687"
HREF="node5.html#SECTION00510000000000000000">4.1 Robot aliases</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html688"
HREF="node5.html#SECTION00520000000000000000">4.2 List aliases</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html689"
HREF="node5.html#SECTION00530000000000000000">4.3 Alias manager</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html690"
HREF="node5.html#SECTION00540000000000000000">4.4 Virtual domains</A>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00500000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="aliases"></A> <A NAME="576"></A>
<BR>
4. Mail aliases
</H1>
<P>
Mail aliases are required in Sympa for <A NAME="5027"></A><TT>sympa.pl</TT> to receive mail commands and
list messages. Management of these aliases management will depend on the MTA (<A NAME="5030"></A><TT>sendmail</TT>, <A NAME="5033"></A><TT>qmail</TT>,
<A NAME="5036"></A><TT>postfix</TT>, <A NAME="5039"></A><TT>exim</TT>) you're using, where you store aliases and whether
you are managing virtual domains or not.
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00510000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="robot-aliases"></A> <A NAME="584"></A>
<BR>
4.1 Robot aliases
</H1>
<P>
An electronic list manager such as <I>Sympa</I> is built around two processing steps:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>a message sent to a list or to <I>Sympa</I> itself
(commands such as subscribe or unsubscribe) is received
by the SMTP server. The SMTP server, on reception of this message, runs the
<A NAME="5044"></A><TT>queue</TT> program (supplied in this package) to store
the message in a spool.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>the <A NAME="5047"></A><TT>sympa.pl</TT> daemon, set in motion at
system startup, scans this spool. As soon as it
detects a new message, it processes it and performs the
requested action (distribution or processing of a command).
<P>
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
To separate the processing of commands (subscription,
unsubscription, help requests, etc.) from the processing of messages destined for mailing
lists, a special mail alias is reserved for administrative requests, so
that <I>Sympa</I> can be permanently accessible to users. The following
lines must therefore be added to the <A NAME="5051"></A><TT>sendmail</TT> alias file
(often <A NAME="5054"></A><TT>/etc/aliases</TT>):
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
sympa: "| /home/sympa/bin/queue sympa@my.domain.org"
listmaster: "| /home/sympa/bin/queue listmaster@my.domain.org"
bounce+*: "| /home/sympa/bin/bouncequeue sympa@my.domain.org"
sympa-request: postmaster
sympa-owner: postmaster
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
Note: if you run <I>Sympa</I> virtual robots, you will need one <TT>sympa</TT>
alias entry per virtual robot (see virtual robots section, <A HREF="node12.html#virtual-robot">11</A>,
page <A HREF="node12.html#virtual-robot"><IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="1" ALT="[*]" SRC="crossref.png"></A>).
<P>
<TT>sympa-request</TT> should be the address of the robot
<A NAME="5060"></A>administrator, i.e. a person who looks after
<I>Sympa</I> (here <TT>postmastercru.fr</TT>).
<P>
<TT>sympa-owner</TT> is the return address for <I>Sympa</I> error
messages.
<P>
The alias bounce+* is dedicated to collect bounces. It is useful
only if at least one list uses <TT> welcome_return_path unique </TT> or
<TT> remind_return_path unique</TT>.
Don't forget to run <A NAME="5066"></A><TT>newaliases</TT> after any change to
the <A NAME="5069"></A><TT>/etc/aliases</TT> file!
<P>
Note: aliases based on <TT>listserv</TT> (in addition to those
based on <TT>sympa</TT>) can be added for the benefit of users
accustomed to the <TT>listserv</TT> and <TT>majordomo</TT> names.
For example:
<P><PRE>
listserv: sympa
listserv-request: sympa-request
majordomo: sympa
listserv-owner: sympa-owner
</PRE>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00520000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="list-aliases"></A> <A NAME="614"></A>
<A NAME="615"></A>
<BR>
4.2 List aliases
</H1>
<P>
For each new list, it is necessary to create up to six mail aliases (at least three).
If you managed to setup the alias manager (see next section) then <I>Sympa</I> will
install automatically the following aliases for you.
<P>
For example, to create the <TT>mylist</TT> list, the following
aliases must be added:
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
<TT>mylist</TT>: </TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
"|/home/sympa/bin/queue mylist@my.domain.org"
</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
<TT>mylist-request</TT>: </TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
"|/home/sympa/bin/queue mylist-request@my.domain.org"
</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
<TT>mylist-editor</TT>: </TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
"|/home/sympa/bin/queue mylist-editor@my.domain.org"
</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
<TT>mylist-owner</TT>: </TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
"|/home/sympa/bin/bouncequeue mylist@my.domain.org
</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
<TT>mylist-subscribe</TT>: </TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
"|/home/sympa/bin/queue mylist-subscribe@my.domain.org@my.domain.org"
</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
<TT>mylist-unsubscribe</TT>: </TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>
"|/home/sympa/bin/queue mylist-unsubscribe@my.domain.org"
</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
The address <TT>mylist-request</TT> should correspond
to the person responsible for managing <TT>mylist</TT>
(the <A NAME="5086"></A>owner). <I>Sympa</I> will forward messages for
<TT>mylist-request</TT> to the owner of <TT>mylist</TT>,
as defined in the <A NAME="5090"></A><TT>/home/sympa/expl/mylist/config</TT>
file. Using this feature means you would not need to modify the
alias file if the owner of the list were to change.
<P>
Similarly, the address <TT>mylist-editor</TT> can be used
to contact the list editors if any are defined in
<A NAME="5094"></A><TT>/home/sympa/expl/mylist/config</TT>. This address definition
is not compulsory.
<P>
The address <TT>mylist-owner</TT> is the address receiving
non-delivery reports. The <A NAME="5098"></A><TT>bouncequeue</TT> program stores these messages
in the <A NAME="5101"></A><TT>queuebounce</TT> directory. <A NAME="5104"></A><I>WWSympa</I> ((see <A HREF="node2.html#wwsympa">1.2</A>, page <A HREF="node2.html#wwsympa"><IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="1" ALT="[*]" SRC="crossref.png"></A>)
may then analyze them and provide a web access to them.
<P>
The address <TT>mylist-subscribe</TT> is an address enabling
users to subscribe in a manner which can easily be explained to them.
Beware: subscribing this way is so straightforward that you may find spammers
subscribing to your list by accident.
<P>
The address <TT>mylist-unsubscribe</TT> is the equivalent for
unsubscribing. By the way, the easier it is for users to unsubscribe, the easier it will
be for you to manage your list!
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00530000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="alias-manager"></A>
<BR>
4.3 Alias manager
</H1>
<P>
The <A NAME="5109"></A><TT>alias_manager.pl</TT> script does aliases management. It is run by <A NAME="5112"></A><I>WWSympa</I> and
will install aliases for a new list and delete aliases for closed lists.
<P>
The script expects the following arguments :
<OL>
<LI>add | del
</LI>
<LI><TT><</TT>list name<TT>></TT>
</LI>
<LI><TT><</TT>list domain<TT>></TT>
</LI>
</OL>
Example : <A NAME="5115"></A><TT>/home/sympa/bin/alias_manager.pl add mylistcru.fr</TT>
<P>
<A NAME="5118"></A><TT>/home/sympa/bin/alias_manager.pl</TT> works on the alias file as defined
by the <A NAME="5121"></A>SENDMAIL_ALIASES variable (default is <A NAME="5122"></A><TT>/etc/mail/sympa_aliases</TT>) in the main Makefile (see <A HREF="node4.html#makefile">3.3</A>, page <A HREF="node4.html#makefile"><IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="1" ALT="[*]" SRC="crossref.png"></A>). You must refer to this aliases file in your <A NAME="5125"></A><TT>sendmail.cf</TT> (if using sendmail) :<PRE>
define(`ALIAS_FILE', `/etc/aliases,/etc/mail/sympa_aliases')dnl
</PRE>
<P>
<A NAME="5128"></A><TT>/home/sympa/bin/alias_manager.pl</TT> runs a <A NAME="5131"></A><TT>newaliases</TT> command (via <A NAME="5134"></A><TT>aliaswrapper</TT>), after any changes to aliases file.
<P>
If you manage virtual domains with your mail server, then you might want to change
the form of aliases used by the alias_manager. You can customize the <A NAME="5137"></A><TT>list_aliases</TT>
template that is parsed to generate list aliases (see<A HREF="node14.html#list-aliases-tpl">13.7.8</A>,
page <A HREF="node14.html#list-aliases-tpl"><IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="1" ALT="[*]" SRC="crossref.png"></A>).
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00540000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="virtual-domains"></A>
<BR>
4.4 Virtual domains
</H1>
<P>
When using virtual domains with <A NAME="5140"></A><TT>sendmail</TT> or <A NAME="5143"></A><TT>postfix</TT>, you can't
refer to <TT>mylist@my.domain.org</TT> on the right-hand side of an
<A NAME="5147"></A><TT>/etc/aliases</TT> entry. You need to define an additional entry in a virtual table.
You can also add a unique entry, with a regular expression, for your domain.
<P>
With Postfix, you should edit the <A NAME="5150"></A><TT>/etc/postfix/virtual.regexp</TT> file as follows :
<BLOCKQUOTE>
/<code>^</code>(.*)@my.domain.org$/ my.domain.org-$1
</BLOCKQUOTE>
Entries in the 'aliases' file will look like this :
<BLOCKQUOTE>
my.domain.org-sympa: "|/home/sympa/bin/sympa.pl sympa@my.domain.org"
.....
my.domain.org-listA: "|/home/sympa/bin/sympa.pl listA@my.domain.org"
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
With Sendmail, add the following entry to <A NAME="5153"></A><TT>/etc/mail/virtusertable</TT> file :
<BLOCKQUOTE>
@my.domain.org my.domain.org-%1%3
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
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