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<font size="+2" color=#004060><b>TAP</b>-plugins</font><br>
<font color=#004060>Tom's Audio Processing plugins</font><br>
<font size="-1" color=#004060><i>for audio engineering on the Linux
platform</i></font>
</td><td>
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<blockquote>
<a href="autopan.html">[ TAP AutoPanner ]</a>
<a href="chorusflanger.html">[ TAP Chorus/Flanger ]</a>
<a href="deesser.html">[ TAP DeEsser ]</a>
<a href="dynamics.html">[ TAP Dynamics (Mono & Stereo) ]</a>
<a href="eq.html">[ TAP Equalizer and TAP Equalizer/BW ]</a>
<a href="doubler.html">[ TAP Fractal Doubler ]</a>
<a href="pinknoise.html">[ TAP Pink/Fractal Noise ]</a>
<a href="pitch.html">[ TAP Pitch Shifter ]</a>
<a href="reflector.html">[ TAP Reflector ]</a>
<a href="reverb.html">[ TAP Reverberator ]</a>
<a href="rotspeak.html">[ TAP Rotary Speaker ]</a>
<a href="limiter.html">[ TAP Scaling Limiter ]</a>
<a href="sigmoid.html">[ TAP Sigmoid Booster ]</a>
<a href="echo.html">[ TAP Stereo Echo ]</a>
<a href="tremolo.html">[ TAP Tremolo ]</a>
<a href="tubewarmth.html">[ TAP TubeWarmth ]</a>
<a href="vibrato.html">[ TAP Vibrato ]</a>
</blockquote>
<h2>TAP Stereo Echo</h2>
<img src="tap_echo.png" alt="[TAP Stereo Echo GUI as shown in Ardour]">
<p>
This plugin supports conventional mono and stereo delays, ping-pong
delays and the Haas effect (also known as Cross Delay Stereo). A
relatively simple yet quite effective plugin.
</p>
<h3>General information</h3>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1">
<tr><th align="left">Unique ID</th><td>2143</td>
<tr><th align="left">I/O ports</th><td>2 inputs / 2 outputs</td>
<tr><th align="left">CPU usage (44.1 kHz)</th><td>0.4%</td>
<tr><th align="left">CPU usage (96 kHz)</th><td>0.8%</td>
<tr><th align="left">Hard RT Capable</th><td>Yes</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">In-place operation</th><td>Supported</td>
<tr><th align="left">run_adding() function</th><td>Provided</td>
</table>
<h3>Usage tips</h3>
<p>
If you want to create a conventional mono or stereo delay, all you
have to do is set the delay times and feedback ratios for the two
input channels. If the feedback is set to zero, then only one delay of
the input is created (as if a traditional tape delay was used). When
feedback is greater than zero, the same bit of audio is sent back and
delayed over and over again, with decreasing amplitudes. In this case
the decay time is dependent of the feedback value.
</p>
<p>
When you turn the Cross Mode switch on, the feedback loops are being
feeded by the delayed signal of the opposite input channel. A sound
coming from the left input channel will be delayed by the Left Delay
time value, but the output of the left delay ringbuffer will be sent
back to the right input (instead of the left) with regard to the right
channel's feedback setting. In Cross mode, a sound appearing at one
input will be bouncing between the two output channels, hence the
popular name "ping-pong delay". If you use this effect with high delay
times and feedback values, even the dumbest listener will notice that
your mix is stereo.
</p>
<p>
A third effect achievable with this plugin is the so-called Haas
effect. This effect is founded by the following psycho-acoustic
experience: if a sound reaches one ear, and the same sound reaches the
other ear but with a time shift of 15-40 milliseconds, only one sound
is heard, but with a spatial feeling. The Haas effect (also known as
Cross Delay Stereo, which refers to the means by which the effect is
created) is widely used by mixing engineers to avoid their mixes being
"pan-potted mono", or to "stretch out" their otherwise mono guitar,
vocal etc. tracks in space. This effect is a great alternative to
reverberation (although it produces a noticeably different quality).
</p>
<br><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border"1" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<tr><td>
<h3>How to create the Haas effect</h3>
<p>
It only makes sense to create the Haas effect on a mono track. On a
stereo track, you should apply a cross or normal stereo echo instead.
</p>
<p>
To create the Haas effect on a mono track, follow these steps.
</p>
<p>
1. Switch on the "Cross Mode" and "Haas Effect" controls of the
plugin. The "Haas Effect" switch will mute the second (right) input
channel, because when applied to a mono track, the plugin receives the
same mono data on both inputs and this would kill the Haas effect
(this topic was discussed in the section about
<a href="general.html#routing">signal routing</a>).<br>
2. Set the "R/Haas Delay" time to 15-40 milliseconds. The bigger this
setting, the wider the mono track will "stretch out". But if you
increase the Haas delay above a certain threshold, the listener will begin
to hear two separate sounds shifted in time instead of the Haas effect
(which is actually the case at lower delays as well, but the feeling is
something completely different).<br>
3. Set the "R/Haas Feedback" near 100% (above 80% will do).<br>
4. "Left Feedback" shouldn't be very large (stay below 50%) or the
ping-pong delay which makes up the Haas effect will not decay in a
short time, and this will create a very unpleasant sound.<br>
5. Set the "L Delay" time as you see fit.<br>
6. The sound of a mono track "streched out" in space with the Haas
effect tends to have some directionality (the listener feels the
sound source is a bit nearer to the right side than the left, or vice
versa). If the sound of the track would fit into your overall mix better
with the left and right sides swapped, you can do this by switching
"Swap Outputs" on.<br>
7. Mute the direct sound (set "Dry Level" to -70 dB). It is not needed
in this scenario.
</p>
</td></tr>
</table>
<br>
<h3>Summary of user controls</h3>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1">
<tr><th>name</th><th>min. value</th><th>default value</th><th>max. value</th></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>L Delay [ms]</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2000</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>L Feedback [%]</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>100</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>R/Haas Delay [ms]</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2000</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>R/Haas Feedback [%]</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>100</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>L Echo Level [dB]</td>
<td>-70</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>+10</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>R Echo Level [dB]</td>
<td>-70</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>+10</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>Dry Level [dB]</td>
<td>-70</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>+10</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>Cross Mode</td>
<td>OFF</td>
<td>OFF</td>
<td>ON</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>Haas Effect</td>
<td>OFF</td>
<td>OFF</td>
<td>ON</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>Swap Outputs</td>
<td>OFF</td>
<td>OFF</td>
<td>ON</td></tr>
</table>
<h3>Notes</h3>
<p>
The maximum delay time (which is currently 2000 ms) can be set to a
greater value in <code>tap_echo.c</code> if needed. When activating
the plugin, memory is allocated for a ringbuffer which is large enough
to contain audio as long as this value. Because this amount of memory
is proportional to the maximum delay, it is not desirable to set it to
a very large value if you don't want to actually use it since you will
be only wasting memory. (This waste will be temporary of course, since
memory is freed when the host deactivates the plugin -- that is, when
you remove it from the mixer/patchbay/whatever your host has.)
</p>
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