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[section {PEG Specification Language}]
[include whatis_peg.inc]
[para]
It is formally specified by the grammar shown below, written in
itself. For a tutorial / introduction to the language please go and
read the [manpage {PEG Language Tutorial}].
[para]
[example {
PEG pe-grammar-for-peg (Grammar)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Syntactical constructs
Grammar <- WHITESPACE Header Definition* Final EOF ;
Header <- PEG Identifier StartExpr ;
Definition <- Attribute? Identifier IS Expression SEMICOLON ;
Attribute <- (VOID / LEAF) COLON ;
Expression <- Sequence (SLASH Sequence)* ;
Sequence <- Prefix+ ;
Prefix <- (AND / NOT)? Suffix ;
Suffix <- Primary (QUESTION / STAR / PLUS)? ;
Primary <- ALNUM / ALPHA / ASCII / CONTROL / DDIGIT / DIGIT
/ GRAPH / LOWER / PRINTABLE / PUNCT / SPACE / UPPER
/ WORDCHAR / XDIGIT
/ Identifier
/ OPEN Expression CLOSE
/ Literal
/ Class
/ DOT
;
Literal <- APOSTROPH (!APOSTROPH Char)* APOSTROPH WHITESPACE
/ DAPOSTROPH (!DAPOSTROPH Char)* DAPOSTROPH WHITESPACE ;
Class <- OPENB (!CLOSEB Range)* CLOSEB WHITESPACE ;
Range <- Char TO Char / Char ;
StartExpr <- OPEN Expression CLOSE ;
void: Final <- END SEMICOLON WHITESPACE ;
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Lexing constructs
Identifier <- Ident WHITESPACE ;
leaf: Ident <- ('_' / ':' / <alpha>) ('_' / ':' / <alnum>)* ;
Char <- CharSpecial / CharOctalFull / CharOctalPart
/ CharUnicode / CharUnescaped
;
leaf: CharSpecial <- "\\" [nrt'"\[\]\\] ;
leaf: CharOctalFull <- "\\" [0-2][0-7][0-7] ;
leaf: CharOctalPart <- "\\" [0-7][0-7]? ;
leaf: CharUnicode <- "\\" 'u' HexDigit (HexDigit (HexDigit HexDigit?)?)? ;
leaf: CharUnescaped <- !"\\" . ;
void: HexDigit <- [0-9a-fA-F] ;
void: TO <- '-' ;
void: OPENB <- "[" ;
void: CLOSEB <- "]" ;
void: APOSTROPH <- "'" ;
void: DAPOSTROPH <- '"' ;
void: PEG <- "PEG" WHITESPACE ;
void: IS <- "<-" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: VOID <- "void" WHITESPACE ; # Implies that definition has no semantic value.
leaf: LEAF <- "leaf" WHITESPACE ; # Implies that definition has no terminals.
void: END <- "END" WHITESPACE ;
void: SEMICOLON <- ";" WHITESPACE ;
void: COLON <- ":" WHITESPACE ;
void: SLASH <- "/" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: AND <- "&" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: NOT <- "!" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: QUESTION <- "?" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: STAR <- "*" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: PLUS <- "+" WHITESPACE ;
void: OPEN <- "(" WHITESPACE ;
void: CLOSE <- ")" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: DOT <- "." WHITESPACE ;
leaf: ALNUM <- "<alnum>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: ALPHA <- "<alpha>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: ASCII <- "<ascii>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: CONTROL <- "<control>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: DDIGIT <- "<ddigit>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: DIGIT <- "<digit>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: GRAPH <- "<graph>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: LOWER <- "<lower>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: PRINTABLE <- "<print>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: PUNCT <- "<punct>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: SPACE <- "<space>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: UPPER <- "<upper>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: WORDCHAR <- "<wordchar>" WHITESPACE ;
leaf: XDIGIT <- "<xdigit>" WHITESPACE ;
void: WHITESPACE <- (" " / "\t" / EOL / COMMENT)* ;
void: COMMENT <- '#' (!EOL .)* EOL ;
void: EOL <- "\n\r" / "\n" / "\r" ;
void: EOF <- !. ;
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
END;
}]
[subsection Example]
Our example specifies the grammar for a basic 4-operation calculator.
[para]
[include ../example/expr_peg.inc]
[para]
Using higher-level features of the notation, i.e. the character
classes (predefined and custom), this example can be rewritten as
[para]
[include ../example/expr_peg_compact.inc]
[para]
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