% Copyright 2007 by Till Tantau
%
% This file may be distributed and/or modified
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% 1. under the LaTeX Project Public License and/or
% 2. under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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\section{Plots of Functions}

\label{section-tikz-plots}

A warning before we get started: \emph{If you are looking for an easy
  way to create a normal plot of a function with scientific axes,
  ignore this section and instead look at the |pgfplots| package or at
  the |datavisualization| command from Part~\ref{part-dv}.}

\subsection{Overview}

\label{section-why-pgname-for-plots}

\tikzname\ can be used to create plots of functions, a job that is
normally handled by powerful programs like \textsc{gnuplot} or
\textsc{mathematica}. These programs can produce
two different kinds of output: First, they can output a complete plot
picture in a certain format (like \pdf) that includes all low-level
commands necessary for drawing the complete plot (including axes and
labels). Second, they can usually also produce ``just plain data'' in
the form of a long list of coordinates. Most of the powerful programs
consider it a to be ``a bit boring'' to just output tabled data and
very much prefer to produce fancy pictures. Nevertheless, when coaxed,
they can also provide the plain data.

The advantage of creating plots directly using \tikzname\ is
\emph{consistency:} Plots created using \tikzname\ will automatically
have the same styling and fonts as those used in the rest of a
document -- something that is hard to do right when an external
program gets involved. Other problems people encounter with external
programs include: Formulas will look different, if they can be
rendered at all; line widths will usually be too thick or too thin;
scaling effects upon inclusion can create a mismatch between sizes in
the plot and sizes in the text; the automatic grid generated by most
programs is mostly distracting; the automatic ticks generated by most
programs are cryptic numerics (try adding a tick reading ``$\pi$'' at
the right point); most programs make it very easy to create ``chart
junk'' in a most convenient fashion; arrows and plot marks will almost
never match the arrows used in the rest of the document. This list is
not exhaustive, unfortunately.

There are basically three ways of creating plots using \tikzname:

\begin{enumerate}
\item Use the |plot| path operation. How this works is explained in
  the present section. This is the most ``basic'' of the three options
  and forces you to do a lot of things ``by hand'' like adding axes or
  ticks.
\item Use the |datavisualization| path command, which is documented in
  Part~\ref{part-dv}. This command is much more powerful than the
  |plot| path operation and produces complete plots including axes and
  ticks. The downside is that you cannot use it to ``just'' quickly
  plot a simple curve (or, more precisely, it is hard to use it in
  this way).
\item Use the |pgfplots| package, which is basically an alternative to
  the |datavisualization| command. While the underlying philosophy of
  this package is not as ``ambitious'' as that of the command
  |datavisualization|, it is somewhat more mature, has a
  simpler design, and wider support base. 
\end{enumerate}


\subsection{The Plot Path Operation}

The |plot| path operation can be used to append a line or curve to the path
that goes through a large number of coordinates. These coordinates are
either given in a simple list of coordinates, read from some file, or
they are computed on the fly.

The syntax of the |plot| comes in different versions.

\begin{pathoperation}{--plot}{\meta{further arguments}}
  This operation plots the curve through the coordinates specified in
  the \meta{further arguments}. The current (sub)path is simply
  continued, that is, a line-to operation to the first point of the
  curve is implicitly added. The details of the \meta{further
    arguments}  will be explained in a moment.
\end{pathoperation}

\begin{pathoperation}{plot}{\meta{further arguments}}
  This operation plots the curve through the coordinates specified in
  the \meta{further arguments} by first ``moving'' to the first
  coordinate of the curve.
\end{pathoperation}

The \meta{further arguments} are used in different ways to
specifying the coordinates of the points to be plotted:

\begin{enumerate}
\item
  \opt{|--|}|plot|\oarg{local options}\declare{|coordinates{|\meta{coordinate
    1}\meta{coordinate 2}\dots\meta{coordinate $n$}|}|}
\item
  \opt{|--|}|plot|\oarg{local options}\declare{|file{|\meta{filename}|}|}
\item
  \opt{|--|}|plot|\oarg{local options}\declare{\meta{coordinate expression}}
\item
  \opt{|--|}|plot|\oarg{local options}\declare{|function{|\meta{gnuplot formula}|}|}
\end{enumerate}

These different ways are explained in the following.


\subsection{Plotting Points Given Inline}

Points can be given directly in the \TeX-file
as in the following example:

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw plot coordinates {(0,0) (1,1) (2,0) (3,1) (2,1) (10:2cm)};
\end{codeexample}

Here is an example showing the difference between |plot| and |--plot|:

\begin{codeexample}[]
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \draw (0,0) -- (1,1) plot coordinates {(2,0)  (4,0)};
  \draw[color=red,xshift=5cm]
        (0,0) -- (1,1) -- plot coordinates {(2,0)  (4,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{codeexample}


\subsection{Plotting Points Read From an External File}

The second way of specifying points is to put them in an external
file named \meta{filename}. Currently, the only file format that
\tikzname\ allows is the following: Each line of the \meta{filename}
should contain one line starting with two numbers, separated by a
space. A line may also be empty or, if it starts with |#| or |%| it is
considered empty. For such lines, a ``new data set'' is started,
typically resulting in a new subpath being started in the plot (see
Section~\ref{section-plot-jumps} on how to change this behaviour, if
necessary). For lines containing two numbers, they must be separated
by a space. They may be following by arbitrary text, which is ignored,
\emph{except} if it is |o| or |u|. In the first case, the point is
considered to be an \emph{outlier} and normally also results in a new
subpath being started. In the second case, the point is considered to
be \emph{undefined}, which also results in a new subpath being
started. Again, see Section~\ref{section-plot-jumps} on how to change
this, if necessary. (This is exactly the format that \textsc{gnuplot}
produces when you say |set terminal table|.) 

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw plot[mark=x,smooth] file {plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}

The file |plots/pgfmanual-sine.table| reads:
\begin{codeexample}[code only]
#Curve 0, 20 points
#x y type
0.00000 0.00000  i
0.52632 0.50235  i
1.05263 0.86873  i
1.57895 0.99997  i
...
9.47368 -0.04889  i
10.00000 -0.54402  i
\end{codeexample}
It was produced from the following source, using |gnuplot|:
\begin{codeexample}[code only]
set table  "../plots/pgfmanual-sine.table"
set format "%.5f"
set samples 20
plot [x=0:10] sin(x)
\end{codeexample}

The \meta{local options} of the |plot| operation are local to each
plot and do not affect other plots ``on the same path.'' For example,
|plot[yshift=1cm]| will locally shift the plot 1cm upward. Remember,
however, that most options can only be applied to paths as a
whole. For example, |plot[red]| does not have the effect of making the
plot red. After all, you are trying to ``locally'' make part of the
path red, which is not possible.

\subsection{Plotting a Function}
\label{section-tikz-plot}

When you plot a function, the coordinates of the plot data can be
computed by evaluating a mathematical expression. Since \pgfname\
comes with a mathematical engine, you can specify this expression and
then have \tikzname\ produce the desired coordinates for you,
automatically.

Since this case is quite common when plotting a function, the syntax
is easy: Following the |plot| command and its local options, you
directly provide a \meta{coordinate expression}. It looks like a
normal coordinate, but inside you may use a special macro, which is
|\x| by default, but this can be changed using the |variable|
option. The \meta{coordinate expression} is then evaluated for
different values for |\x| and the resulting coordinates are plotted.

Note that you will often have to put the $x$- or $y$-coordinate inside
braces, namely whenever you use an expression involving a parenthesis.

The following options influence how the \meta{coordinate expression}
is evaluated:
\begin{key}{/tikz/variable=\meta{macro} (initially x)}
  Sets the macro whose value is set to the different values when
  \meta{coordinate expression} is evaluated.
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/samples=\meta{number} (initially 25)}
  Sets the number of samples used in the plot.
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/domain=\meta{start}|:|\meta{end} (initially -5:5)}
  Sets the domain from which the samples are taken.
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/samples at=\meta{sample list}}
  This option specifies a list of positions for which the
  variable should be evaluated. For instance, you can say
  |samples at={1,2,8,9,10}| to have the variable evaluated exactly for
  values $1$, $2$, $8$, $9$, and $10$. You can use the |\foreach|
  syntax, so you can use |...| inside the \meta{sample list}.

  When this option is used, the |samples| and |domain| option are
  overruled. The other way round, setting either |samples| or
  |domain| will overrule this option.
\end{key}

\begin{codeexample}[]
\begin{tikzpicture}[domain=0:4]
  \draw[very thin,color=gray] (-0.1,-1.1) grid (3.9,3.9);

  \draw[->] (-0.2,0) -- (4.2,0) node[right] {$x$};
  \draw[->] (0,-1.2) -- (0,4.2) node[above] {$f(x)$};

  \draw[color=red]    plot (\x,\x)             node[right] {$f(x) =x$};
  % \x r means to convert '\x' from degrees to _r_adians:
  \draw[color=blue]   plot (\x,{sin(\x r)})    node[right] {$f(x) = \sin x$};
  \draw[color=orange] plot (\x,{0.05*exp(\x)}) node[right] {$f(x) = \frac{1}{20} \mathrm e^x$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{codeexample}

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw[scale=0.5,domain=-3.141:3.141,smooth,variable=\t]
  plot ({\t*sin(\t r)},{\t*cos(\t r)});
\end{codeexample}

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw[domain=0:360,smooth,variable=\t]
  plot ({sin(\t)},\t/360,{cos(\t)});
\end{codeexample}


\subsection{Plotting a Function Using Gnuplot}
\label{section-tikz-gnuplot}

Often, you will want to plot points that are given via a function like
$f(x) = x \sin x$. Unfortunately, \TeX\ does not really have enough
computational power to generate the points of such a function
efficiently (it is a text processing program, after all). However,
if you allow it, \TeX\ can try to call external programs that can
easily produce the necessary points. Currently, \tikzname\ knows how to
call \textsc{gnuplot}.

When \tikzname\ encounters your operation
|plot[id=|\meta{id}|] function{x*sin(x)}| for
the first time, it will create a file called
\meta{prefix}\meta{id}|.gnuplot|, where \meta{prefix} is |\jobname.| by
default, that is, the name of your main |.tex| file. If no \meta{id} is
given, it will be empty, which is alright, but it is better when each
plot has a unique \meta{id} for reasons explained in a moment. Next,
\tikzname\ writes some initialization code into this file followed by
|plot x*sin(x)|. The initialization code sets up things
such that the |plot| operation will write the coordinates into another
file called \meta{prefix}\meta{id}|.table|. Finally, this table file
is read as if you had said |plot file{|\meta{prefix}\meta{id}|.table}|.

For the plotting mechanism to work, two conditions must be met:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
  You must have allowed \TeX\ to call external programs. This is often
  switched off by default since this is a security risk (you might,
  without knowing, run a \TeX\ file that calls all sorts of ``bad''
  commands). To enable this ``calling external programs'' a command
  line option must be given to the \TeX\ program. Usually, it is
  called something like |shell-escape| or |enable-write18|. For
  example, for my |pdflatex| the option |--shell-escape| can be
  given.
\item
  You must have installed the |gnuplot| program and \TeX\ must find it
  when compiling your file.
\end{enumerate}

Unfortunately, these conditions will not always be met. Especially if
you pass some source to a coauthor and the coauthor does not have
\textsc{gnuplot} installed, he or she will have trouble compiling your
files.

For this reason, \tikzname\ behaves differently when you compile your
graphic for the second time: If upon reaching
|plot[id=|\meta{id}|] function{...}| the file \meta{prefix}\meta{id}|.table|
already exists \emph{and} if the \meta{prefix}\meta{id}|.gnuplot| file
contains what \tikzname\ thinks that it ``should'' contain, the |.table|
file is immediately read without trying to call a |gnuplot|
program. This approach has the following advantages:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
  If you pass a bundle of your |.tex| file and all |.gnuplot| and
  |.table| files to someone else, that person can \TeX\ the |.tex|
  file without having to have |gnuplot| installed.
\item
  If the |\write18| feature is switched off for security reasons (a
  good idea), then, upon the first compilation of the |.tex| file, the
  |.gnuplot| will still be generated, but not the |.table|
  file. You can then simply call |gnuplot| ``by hand'' for each
  |.gnuplot| file, which will produce all necessary |.table| files.
\item
  If you change the function that you wish to plot or its
  domain, \tikzname\ will automatically try to regenerate the |.table|
  file.
\item
  If, out of laziness, you do not provide an |id|, the same |.gnuplot|
  will be used for different plots, but this is not a problem since
  the |.table| will automatically be regenerated for each plot
  on-the-fly. \emph{Note: If you intend to share your files with
  someone else, always use an id, so that the file can by typeset
  without having \textsc{gnuplot} installed.} Also, having unique ids
  for each plot will improve compilation speed since no external
  programs need to be called, unless it is really necessary.
\end{enumerate}

When you use |plot function{|\meta{gnuplot formula}|}|, the \meta{gnuplot
  formula} must be given in the |gnuplot| syntax, whose details are
beyond the scope of this manual. Here is the ultra-condensed
essence: Use |x| as the variable and use the C-syntax for normal
plots, use |t| as the variable for parametric plots. Here are some examples:

\begin{codeexample}[]
\begin{tikzpicture}[domain=0:4]
  \draw[very thin,color=gray] (-0.1,-1.1) grid (3.9,3.9);

  \draw[->] (-0.2,0) -- (4.2,0) node[right] {$x$};
  \draw[->] (0,-1.2) -- (0,4.2) node[above] {$f(x)$};

  \draw[color=red]    plot[id=x]   function{x}           node[right] {$f(x) =x$};
  \draw[color=blue]   plot[id=sin] function{sin(x)}      node[right] {$f(x) = \sin x$};
  \draw[color=orange] plot[id=exp] function{0.05*exp(x)} node[right] {$f(x) = \frac{1}{20} \mathrm e^x$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{codeexample}


The plot is influenced by the following options: First, the options
|samples| and |domain| explained earlier. Second, there are some more
specialized options.

\begin{key}{/tikz/parametric=\meta{boolean} (default true)}
  Sets whether the plot is a parametric plot. If true, then |t| must
  be used instead of |x| as the parameter and two comma-separated
  functions must be given in the \meta{gnuplot formula}. An example is
  the following:
\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw[scale=0.5,domain=-3.141:3.141,smooth]
  plot[parametric,id=parametric-example] function{t*sin(t),t*cos(t)};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/range=\meta{start}|:|\meta{end}}
  This key sets the range of the plot. If set, all points whose
  $y$-coordinates lie outside this range will be considered to be
  outliers and will cause jumps in the plot, by default:
\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw[scale=0.5,domain=-3.141:3.141, samples=100, smooth, range=-3:3]
  plot[id=tan-example] function{tan(x)};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/yrange=\meta{start}|:|\meta{end}}
  Same as |range|.
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/xrange=\meta{start}|:|\meta{end}}
  Set the $x$-range. This makes sense only for parametric plots.
\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw[scale=0.5,domain=-3.141:3.141,smooth,xrange=0:1]
  plot[parametric,id=parametric-example-cut] function{t*sin(t),t*cos(t)};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/id=\meta{id}}
  Sets the identifier of the current plot. This should be a unique
  identifier for each plot (though things will also work if it is not,
  but not as well, see the explanations above). The \meta{id} will be
  part of a filename, so it should not contain anything fancy like |*|
  or |$|.%$
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/prefix=\meta{prefix}}
  The \meta{prefix} is put before each plot file name. The default is
  |\jobname.|, but
  if you have many plots, it might be better to use, say |plots/| and
  have all plots placed in a directory. You have to create the
  directory yourself.
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/raw gnuplot}
  This key causes the \meta{gnuplot formula} to be passed on to
  \textsc{gnuplot} without setting up the samples or the |plot|
  operation. Thus, you could write
\begin{codeexample}[code only]
plot[raw gnuplot,id=raw-example] function{set samples 25; plot sin(x)}
\end{codeexample}
  This can be
  useful for complicated things that need to be passed to
  \textsc{gnuplot}. However, for really complicated situations you
  should create a special external generating \textsc{gnuplot} file
  and use the |file|-syntax to include the table ``by hand.''
\end{key}

The following styles influence the plot:
\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every plot (initially \normalfont empty)}
  This style is installed in each plot, that is, as if you always said
\begin{codeexample}[code only]
  plot[every plot,...]
\end{codeexample}
 This is most useful for globally setting a prefix for all plots by saying:
\begin{codeexample}[code only]
\tikzset{every plot/.style={prefix=plots/}}
\end{codeexample}
\end{stylekey}



\subsection{Placing Marks on the Plot}

As we saw already, it is possible to add \emph{marks} to a plot using
the |mark| option. When this option is used, a copy of the plot
mark is placed on each point of the plot. Note that the marks are
placed \emph{after} the whole path has been drawn/filled/shaded. In
this respect, they are handled like text nodes.

In detail, the following options govern how marks are drawn:
\begin{key}{/tikz/mark=\meta{mark mnemonic}}
  Sets the mark to a mnemonic that has previously been defined using
  the |\pgfdeclareplotmark|. By default, |*|, |+|, and |x| are available,
  which draw a filled circle, a plus, and a cross as marks. Many more
  marks become available when the library |plotmarks| is
  loaded. Section~\ref{section-plot-marks} lists the available plot
  marks.

  One plot mark is special: the |ball| plot mark is available only
  in \tikzname. The |ball color| option determines the balls's color. Do not use
  this option with a large number of marks since it will take very long
  to render in PostScript.

  \begin{tabular}{lc}
    Option & Effect \\\hline \vrule height14pt width0pt
    \plotmarkentrytikz{ball}
  \end{tabular}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/mark repeat=\meta{r}}
  This option tells \tikzname\ that only every $r$th mark should be
  drawn.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw plot[mark=x,mark repeat=3,smooth] file {plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/mark phase=\meta{p}}
  This option tells \tikzname\ that the first mark to be draw should
  be the $p$th, followed by the $(p+r)$th, then the $(p+2r)$th, and so
  on.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw plot[mark=x,mark repeat=3,mark phase=6,smooth] file {plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/mark indices=\meta{list}}
  This option allows you to specify explicitly the indices at which a
  mark should be placed. Counting starts with 1. You can use the
  |\foreach| syntax, that is, |...| can be used.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw plot[mark=x,mark indices={1,4,...,10,11,12,...,16,20},smooth]
  file {plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/mark size=\meta{dimension}}
  Sets the size of the plot marks. For circular plot marks,
  \meta{dimension} is the radius, for other plot marks
  \meta{dimension} should be about half the width and height.

  This option is not really necessary, since you achieve the same
  effect by specifying |scale=|\meta{factor} as a local option, where
  \meta{factor} is the quotient of the desired size and the default
  size. However, using |mark size| is a bit faster and more natural.
\end{key}

\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every mark}
  This style is installed before drawing plot marks. For example,
  you can scale (or otherwise transform) the plot mark or set its
  color.
\end{stylekey}

\begin{key}{/tikz/mark options=\meta{options}}
	Redefines |every mark| such that it sets \marg{options}.
\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \fill[fill=blue!20]
  plot[mark=triangle*,mark options={color=blue,rotate=180}]
    file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table} |- (0,0);
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}
	
\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/no marks}
	Disables markers (the same as |mark=none|).
\end{stylekey}
\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/no markers}
	Disables markers (the same as |mark=none|).
\end{stylekey}



\subsection{Smooth Plots, Sharp Plots, Jump Plots, Comb Plots and Bar Plots}

There are different things the |plot| operation can do with the points
it reads from a file or from the inlined list of points. By default,
it will connect these points by straight lines. However, you can also
use options to change the behavior of |plot|.

\begin{key}{/tikz/sharp plot}
  This is the default and causes the points to be connected by
  straight lines. This option is included only so that you can
  ``switch back'' if you ``globally'' install, say, |smooth|.
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/smooth}
  This option causes the points on the path to be connected using a
  smooth curve:

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw plot[smooth] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}

  Note that the smoothing algorithm is not very intelligent. You will
  get the best results if the bending angles are small, that is, less
  than about $30^\circ$ and, even more importantly, if the distances
  between points are about the same all over the plotting path.
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/tension=\meta{value}}
  This option influences how ``tight'' the smoothing is. A lower value
  will result in sharper corners, a higher value in more ``round''
  curves. A value of $1$ results in a circle if four points at
  quarter-positions on a circle are given. The default is $0.55$. The
  ``correct'' value depends on the details of plot.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\begin{tikzpicture}[smooth cycle]
  \draw                 plot[tension=0.2]
    coordinates{(0,0) (1,1) (2,0) (1,-1)};
  \draw[yshift=-2.25cm] plot[tension=0.5]
    coordinates{(0,0) (1,1) (2,0) (1,-1)};
  \draw[yshift=-4.5cm]  plot[tension=1]
    coordinates{(0,0) (1,1) (2,0) (1,-1)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/smooth cycle}
  This option causes the points on the path to be connected using a
  closed smooth curve.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz[scale=0.5]
  \draw plot[smooth cycle] coordinates{(0,0) (1,0) (2,1) (1,2)}
        plot               coordinates{(0,0) (1,0) (2,1) (1,2)} -- cycle;
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/const plot}
  This option causes the points on the path to be connected using
  piecewise constant series of lines: 

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw plot[const plot] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/const plot mark left}
  Just an alias for |/tikz/const plot|.
\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw plot[const plot mark left,mark=*] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/const plot mark right}
  A variant of |/tikz/const plot| which places its mark on the right ends:
\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw plot[const plot mark right,mark=*] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/const plot mark mid}
  A variant of |/tikz/const plot| which places its mark in the middle
  of the horizontal lines: 
\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw plot[const plot mark mid,mark=*] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
  More precisely, it generates vertical lines in the middle between
  each pair of consecutive points. If the mesh width is constant, this
  leads to symmetrically placed marks (``middle''). 
\end{key}


\begin{key}{/tikz/jump mark left}
  This option causes the points on the path to be drawn using
  piecewise constant, non-connected series of lines. If there are any
  marks, they will be placed on left open ends: 

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw plot[jump mark left, mark=*] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/jump mark right}
  This option causes the points on the path to be drawn using
  piecewise constant, non-connected series of lines. If there are any
  marks, they will be placed on right open ends: 

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw plot[jump mark right, mark=*] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/jump mark mid}
  This option causes the points on the path to be drawn using
  piecewise constant, non-connected series of lines. If there are any
  marks, they will be placed in the middle of the horizontal line
  segments: 

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw plot[jump mark right, mark=*] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}

  In case of non--constant mesh widths, the same remarks as for |const plot mark mid| apply.
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/ycomb}
  This option causes the |plot| operation to interpret the plotting
  points differently. Instead of connecting them, for each point of
  the plot a straight line is added to the path from the $x$-axis to the point,
  resulting in a sort of ``comb'' or ``bar diagram.''

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw[ultra thick] plot[ycomb,thin,mark=*] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}

\begin{codeexample}[]
\begin{tikzpicture}[ycomb]
  \draw[color=red,line width=6pt]
    plot coordinates{(0,1) (.5,1.2) (1,.6) (1.5,.7) (2,.9)};
  \draw[color=red!50,line width=4pt,xshift=3pt]
    plot coordinates{(0,1.2) (.5,1.3) (1,.5) (1.5,.2) (2,.5)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}


\begin{key}{/tikz/xcomb}
  This option works like |ycomb| except that the bars are horizontal.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw plot[xcomb,mark=x] coordinates{(1,0) (0.8,0.2) (0.6,0.4) (0.2,1)};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}


\begin{key}{/tikz/polar comb}
  This option causes a line from the origin to the point to be added
  to the path for each plot point.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw plot[polar comb,
     mark=pentagon*,mark options={fill=white,draw=red},mark size=4pt]
   coordinates {(0:1cm) (30:1.5cm) (160:.5cm) (250:2cm) (-60:.8cm)};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/ybar}
  This option produces fillable bar plots. It is thus very similar to
  |ycomb|, but it employs rectangular shapes instead of line-to
  operations. It thus allows to use any fill- or pattern style. 

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz\draw[draw=blue,fill=blue!60!black] plot[ybar] file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};
\end{codeexample}

\begin{codeexample}[]
\begin{tikzpicture}[ybar]
  \draw[color=red,fill=red!80,bar width=6pt]
    plot coordinates{(0,1) (.5,1.2) (1,.6) (1.5,.7) (2,.9)};
  \draw[color=red!50,fill=red!20,bar width=4pt,bar shift=3pt]
    plot coordinates{(0,1.2) (.5,1.3) (1,.5) (1.5,.2) (2,.5)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{codeexample}
  The use of |bar width| and |bar shift| is explained in the plot
  handler library documentation,
  section~\ref{section-plotlib-bar-handlers}. Please refer to
  page~\pageref{key-bar-width}.  
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/xbar}
  This option works like |ybar| except that the bars are horizontal.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw[pattern=north west lines] plot[xbar]
   coordinates{(1,0) (0.4,1) (1.7,2) (1.6,3)};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/ybar interval}
  As |/tikz/ybar|, this options produces vertical bars. However, bars
  are centered at coordinate \emph{intervals} instead of interval
  edges, and the bar's width is also determined relatively to the
  interval's length: 

\begin{codeexample}[]
\begin{tikzpicture}[ybar interval,x=10pt]
  \draw[color=red,fill=red!80]
    plot coordinates{(0,2) (2,1.2) (3,.3) (5,1.7) (8,.9) (9,.9)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{codeexample}
  Since there are $N$ intervals $[x_i,x_{i+1}]$ for given $N+1$
  coordinates, you will always have one coordinate more than bars. The
  last $y$ value will be ignored. 

  You can configure relative shifts and relative bar widths, which is
  explained in the plot handler library documentation,
  section~\ref{section-plotlib-bar-handlers}. Please refer to
  page~\pageref{key-bar-interval-width}. 
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/xbar interval}
  Works like |ybar interval|, but for horizontal bar plots.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\begin{tikzpicture}[xbar interval,x=0.5cm,y=0.5cm]
  \draw[color=red,fill=red!80]
    plot coordinates {(3,0) (2,1) (4,1.5) (1,4) (2,6) (2,7)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}

\begin{key}{/tikz/only marks}
  This option causes only marks to be shown; no path segments are
  added to the actual path. This can be useful for quickly adding some
  marks to a path.

\begin{codeexample}[]
\tikz \draw (0,0) sin (1,1) cos (2,0)
  plot[only marks,mark=x] coordinates{(0,0) (1,1) (2,0) (3,-1)};
\end{codeexample}
\end{key}