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<head>
<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label citeURL</title>
</head><body>
<h3>URLs in BibTeX bibliographies</h3>
<p>There is no citation type for URLs, <em>per se</em>, in the
standard BibTeX styles, though Oren Patashnik (the author of
BibTeX) is believed to beconsidering developing one such for use
with the long-awaited BibTeX version 1.0.
<p>The actual information that need be available in a citation of an
URL is discussed at some length in the publicly available
on-line
<a href="http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/690-2e.htm">extracts of ISO 690-2</a>;
the techniques below do <em>not</em> satisfy all the requirements of
ISO 690-2, but they offer a solution that is at least
available to users of today's tools.
<p>Until the new version of BibTeX arrives, the simplest technique is
to use the <code>howpublished</code> field of the standard styles' <code>@misc</code>
function. Of course, the strictures
about <a href="FAQ-setURL.html">typesetting URLs</a> still apply, so the
entry will look like:
<blockquote>
<pre>
@misc{...,
...,
howpublished = "\url{http://...}"
}
</pre>
</blockquote>
A possible alternative approach is to use BibTeX styles other than
the standard ones, that already have URL entry types.
Pre-eminent are the <i>natbib</i> styles (<i>plainnat</i>,
<i>unsrtnat</i> and <i>abbrevnat</i>). These styles are
extensions of the standard styles, principally for use with
<i>natbib</i> itself, but they've acquired URLs and other
"modern" entries along the way. The same author's
<i>custom-bib</i> is also capable of generating styles that honour
URL entries.
<p>Another candidate is the <i>harvard</i> package (if its citation
styles are otherwise satisfactory for you). <i>Harvard</i>
bibliography styles all include a "<code>url</code>" field in their
specification; however, the typesetting offered is somewhat feeble
(though it does recognise and use <i>LaTeX2HTML</i> macros if they
are available, to create hyperlinks).
<p>You can also acquire new BibTeX styles by use of Norman Gray's
<i>urlbst</i> system, which is based on a <i>Perl</i> script
that edits an existing BibTeX style file to produce a new
style. The new style thus generated has a <code>webpage</code> entry type, and
also offers support for <code>url</code> and <code>lastchecked</code> fields in the other entry
types. The <i>Perl</i> script comes with a set of converted
versions of the standard bibliography styles. Documentation is
distributed as LaTeX source.
<p>Another possibility is that some conventionally-published paper,
technical report (or even book) is also available on the Web. In such
cases, a useful technique is something like:
<blockquote>
<pre>
@techreport{...,
...,
note = "Also available as \url{http://...}"
}
</pre>
</blockquote>
There is good reason to use the <i>url</i> or <i>hyperref</i>
packages in this context: BibTeX has a habit of splitting
lines it considers excessively long, and if there are no space
characters for it to use as 'natural' breakpoints, BibTeX will
insert a comment ('<code>%</code>') character ... which
is an acceptable character in an URL. Any current version of the
<i>url</i> or <i>hyperref</i> package detects this
"<code>%</code>-end-of-line" structure in its argument, and
removes it.
<dl>
<dt><tt><i>custom-bib bundle</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/custom-bib.zip">macros/latex/contrib/custom-bib</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/custom-bib.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/custom-bib/">browse</a>)
<dt><tt><i>harvard.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/harvard.zip">macros/latex/contrib/harvard</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/harvard.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/harvard/">browse</a>)
<dt><tt><i>hyperref.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref.zip">macros/latex/contrib/hyperref</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/">browse</a>)
<dt><tt><i>natbib styles</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/natbib.zip">macros/latex/contrib/natbib</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/natbib.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/natbib/">browse</a>)
<dt><tt><i>url.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc/url.sty">macros/latex/contrib/misc/url.sty</a>
<dt><tt><i>urlbst</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/urlbst.zip">biblio/bibtex/contrib/urlbst</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/urlbst.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/urlbst/">browse</a>)
</dl>
<p><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=citeURL">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=citeURL</a>
</body>
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