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<head>
<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label ouparmd</title>
</head><body>
<h3>Not in outer par mode</h3>
<p>The error:
<blockquote>
<pre>
! LaTeX Error: Not in outer par mode.
</pre>
</blockquote>
comes when some "main" document feature is shut up somewhere it
doesn't like.
<p>The commonest occurrence is when the user wants a figure somewhere
inside a table:
<blockquote>
<pre>
\begin{tabular}{|l|}
\hline
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{foo}
\end{figure}
\hline
\end{tabular}
</pre>
</blockquote>
a construction that was supposed to put a frame around the diagram,
but doesn't work, any more than:
<blockquote>
<pre>
\framebox{\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{foo}
\end{figure}%
}
</pre>
</blockquote>
The problem is, that the <code>tabular</code> environment, and the
<code>\</code><code>framebox</code> command restrain the <code>figure</code> environment
from its natural métier, which is to float around the document.
<p>The solution is simply not to use the <code>figure</code> environment
here:
<blockquote>
<pre>
\begin{tabular}{|l|}
\hline
\includegraphics{foo}
\hline
\end{tabular}
</pre>
</blockquote>
What was the float for? - as written in the first two examples, it
serves no useful purpose; but perhaps you actually wanted a diagram
and its caption framed, in a float.
<p>It's simple to achieve this - just reverse the order of the
environments (or of the <code>figure</code> environment and the
command):
<blockquote>
<pre>
\begin{figure}
\begin{tabular}{|l|}
\hline
\includegraphics{foo}
\caption{A foo}
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}
</pre>
</blockquote>
The same goes for <code>table</code> environments (or any other sort
of float you've defined for yourself) inside tabulars or box commands;
you <em>must</em> get the float environment out from inside, one way or
another.
<p><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=ouparmd">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=ouparmd</a>
</body>
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