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<html>
<head><title>Help On LaTeX math fonts and styles</title></head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#000099" vlink="#cc0000" alink="#cc0000">
<h1><font size="-2">Hypertext Help with LaTeX</font><br><font color="#cc0000">Math fonts and styles</font></h1>
<h2>Math styles</h2>
The following applies to both LaTeX 2.09 and LaTeX2e.
<p>
There are four styles used in typesetting <a href="ltx-115.html">math
formulas</a> which affect the size and certain formatting parameters
(notably the placement of sub and superscripts on <a href="ltx-408.html">
variable size symbols</a>).
<ul>
<li><tt>\textstyle</tt> - default in the running text and in
<a href="ltx-202.html">array</a> environment
<li><tt>\displaystyle</tt> - default for displayed equations
<li><tt>\scriptstyle</tt> - default for first-level sub and superscripts
<li><tt>\scriptscriptstyle</tt> - default for higher-level sub and superscripts
</ul>
All four of these may be used in math mode as
<a href="declarations.html">declarations</a> to <strong>force</strong> the
type size and formatting to a style other than what would normally be used.
<p>
For example, to get a superscript that is the same size as the running text:
<pre> <tt>$e^{\textstyle -E/kT}</tt>$ </pre>
<p>
As another example, the limits on a summation symbol are normally placed
below and above the symbol in <tt>display</tt> style and in normal sub and
superscript position in <tt>textstyle</tt>. One could <strong>force</strong>
the below/above placement in running text by using:
<pre> <tt>\displaystyle $<a href="ltx-408.html">\sum</a>_{n=0}^<a href="ltx-407.html">\infty</a> x_n$</tt></pre>
although it should be noted that this might cause LaTeX to leave extra
space between the text lines which might not be desirable.
<h2>LaTeX 2.09 fonts</h2>
The regular <a href="ltx-177.html">type style</a> declarations can be
used in <a href="ltx-115.html#math">math mode</a>.
They affect only letters (including upper case <a href="ltx-405.html">Greek</a>
letters) but not symbols
(or lower case <a href="ltx-405.html">Greek</a> letters). Two additional style
<a href="declarations.html">declarations</a> which can be used
<strong>only</strong> in math mode are
<ul>
<li><tt>\mit</tt>
<li><tt><a href="ltx-407.html">\cal</a></tt>
</ul>
The former is math italic style; it spaces letters as if they were words,
however, not as if they were each separate math symbols.
The latter produces upper case calligraphic letters.
<h2>LaTeX2e math fonts</h2>
The following <a href="declarations.html">declarations</a> change the style
only of letters, numbers, and uppercase <a href="ltx-405.html">Greek</a>.
<ul>
<li><tt>\mathit</tt> - same as <tt>\mit</tt> in 2.09 (see above)
<li><tt>\mathrm</tt> - Roman
<li><tt>\mathbf</tt> - Bold face
<li><tt>\mathsf</tt> - San Serif
<li><tt>\mathtt</tt> - Typewriter style
<li><tt><a href="ltx-407.html">\mathcal</a></tt> - Calligraphic
</ul>
All of these produce spacing appropriate for text; they do not interpret each
letter as a separate math symbol.
<p>
The <a href="boldmath.html"><tt>\boldmath</tt></a> declaration causes
everything (including symbols) in a formula to be in a bold font.
Note that this differs somewhat from the same declaration in 2.09 which
did not affect some symbols.
<hr>
Related topics
<ul>
<li><a href="ltx-115.html">Math Formulas</a>
<li><a href="ltx-176.html">Typefaces</a>
<ul><li><a href="ltx-177.html">Styles</a>
<li><a href="ltx-178.html">Sizes</a>
<li><a href="fonts2e.html">LaTeX2e fonts</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="ltx-408.html">Variable size symbols</a>
<li><a href="ltx-407.html">Miscellaneous symbols</a>
</ul>
Return to <a href="ltx-2.html">LaTeX Table of Contents</a>
<hr>
<address>
Revised: Sheldon Green, 2 Jun 1995.
</address>
</body>
</html>
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