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<div class="chapter">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h2 class="title"><a id="chap.printing"
name="chap.printing"></a>Chapter 8. Printing</h2>
</div>
<div>
<p class="releaseinfo">$Revision: 1.1 $</p>
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<div>
<p class="pubdate">$Date: 2002/08/23 14:31:13 $</p>
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<p><a id="id2902696" class="indexterm"
name="id2902696"></a><a id="id2902703" class="indexterm"
name="id2902703"></a> The emphasis in this book so far has
been on getting TeX to process a document that contains all
the desired typographic elements without error. The result of
this effort is a <tt>DVI</tt> file<a id="id2902726"
class="indexterm" name="id2902726"></a>.</p>
<p>The next step is translating the <tt>DVI</tt> file into a
printed document<a id="id2902441" class="indexterm"
name="id2902441"></a>. That is the focus of this chapter.
Usually, you want to preview a document before you print it,
but in many ways previewers are just a special kind of
printer. The two do differ significantly, however, so we will
discuss them separately. (Chapter <a href="ch09.html"
title="Chapter 9. Previewing">Chapter 9</a>,
<span class="emphasis"><em><a href="ch09.html"
title="Chapter 9. Previewing">Chapter 9</a></em></span>,
describes previewers.)</p>
<p>This chapter explores the issues related to printing a DVI
file. There are sections concerning the printing of fonts,
the printing of pictures and figures, and descriptions of
several kinds of drivers you can use to print TeX
documents.</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a
id="sec.printing" name="sec.printing"></a>Printing
Fonts</h2>
</div>
</div>
<p>If you have <a id="id2902499" class="indexterm"
name="id2902499"></a><a id="id2902509" class="indexterm"
name="id2902509"></a> a <tt>TFM</tt> file for a font, you
can use that font in TeX. In fact, you can use that font at
an arbitrary magnification in TeX, which means that you can
use Courier at 13.4pt as easily as Computer Modern Roman at
10pt. Unfortunately, this ease of use does not imply that
the resulting <tt>DVI</tt> file will be easy to print. It
doesn't even imply that it will be possible to print the
document. For example, if you request Courier at 13.4pt,
but it is available in your printer only at 10pt and 12pt
(and you have no other source for Courier), there is no way
to print your document without distortion.</p>
<p>This section discusses the issues involved in getting
the desired fonts to print from your DVI file. Both
bitmapped and scalable fonts are considered, as well as
fonts built into the printer. You will also gain a better
understanding of why some documents do not print, and learn
alternatives that may enable you to print your
documents.</p>
<p>Every font can be classified in two broad, independent
ways: internal versus external, and scalable versus
bitmapped. Each class of fonts has some advantages and some
unique problems. In general, there are more restrictions on
built-in fonts than on external fonts, and more
restrictions on bitmapped fonts than on scalable fonts.</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="sec.bitfonts"
name="sec.bitfonts"></a>Built-in Fonts</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>Built-in fonts<a id="id2904394" class="indexterm"
name="id2904394"></a>, whether scalable or bitmapped,
pose two problems. First, you must obtain the appropriate
<tt>TFM</tt> files<a id="id2904419" class="indexterm"
name="id2904419"></a>. Usually, the metric information
has to be supplied by the vendor and then translated into
TeX <tt>TFM</tt> format using a conversion tool. No
vendor that I am aware of distributes TeX metric<a
id="id2904441" class="indexterm" name="id2904441"></a>
information directly. The section called “<a
href="ch05.html#sec.gettingtfms"
title="Expressing Design Size in TeX">the section called
“Expressing Design Size in TeX”</a>” in
Chapter <a href="ch05.html"
title="Chapter 5. Fonts">Chapter 5</a>,
<span class="emphasis"><em><a href="ch05.html"
title="Chapter 5. Fonts">Chapter 5</a></em></span>,
describes several options for obtaining metric
information for built-in fonts.</p>
<p>The second problem is that the DVI driver you are
using must “know” somehow that the
<tt>TFM</tt> file corresponds to one of the printer's
internal fonts. When the DVI driver examines the
<tt>DVI</tt> file, the only information available about
each font is the name of the <tt>TFM</tt> file that
describes its metrics. The most common way DVI drivers
handle this problem is with a font translation file or a
font substitution file.</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="id2904532"
name="id2904532"></a>Font substitution in
emTeX</h4>
</div>
</div>
<p>emTeX's DVI driver reads a user-specified font
substitution file<a id="id2904540" class="indexterm"
name="id2904540"></a> before processing the
<tt>DVI</tt> file. A line like the following in the
font substitution file informs the <b>dvihplj</b><a
id="id2904572" class="indexterm" name="id2904572"></a>
driver that <tt>lpr1610u</tt> is an internal font and
describes the LaserJet control sequence required to
select it:</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="literallayout">
<p>
lpr1610u 300 => pcl: 10U s0P s16.66H s8.5V s0S s0B s0T</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>Other substitutions are also possible. For example,
if you work with documents that come from other systems
that allow long filenames, you can substitute the long
names for shorter filenames that are legal under
MS-DOS. The following line in a font substitution file
tells emTeX that the font “<tt>tmsrmn</tt>”
should be used anywhere that a <tt>DVI</tt> file uses
the font “<tt>Times-Roman</tt>”:</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="literallayout">
<p>Times-Roman -> tmsrmn</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can use even more sophisticated substitutions,
including pattern matching, for example. Consult <span
class="emphasis"><em>The {emTeX} DVI Driver
Manual</em></span> [<a
href="bi01.html#em:dvidrv">em:dvidrv</a>] for more
information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="id2904676"
name="id2904676"></a>Font substitution in
\dvips</h4>
</div>
</div>
<p>The <b>dvips</b><a id="id2904690" class="indexterm"
name="id2904690"></a> program, which translates
<tt>DVI</tt> files into PostScript, also reads a font
substitution file before processing a <tt>DVI</tt>
file. In addition to identifying which fonts are built
into the printer, the substitution file can also
instruct <b>dvips</b> to download PostScript fonts that
are not resident in your printer if they are used in a
document.</p>
<p><b>dvips</b> has a system-wide font substitution
file called <tt>psfonts.map</tt><a id="id2904749"
class="indexterm" name="id2904749"></a>. This file is
distributed with <b>dvips</b> and can be customized by
your system administrator. You can tell <b>dvips</b> to
load a personal font substitution file by using the
<span class="emphasis"><em>p</em></span> command in
<b>dvips</b>'s initialization file (called
<tt>.dvipsrc</tt> in your home directory on unix
systems). Consult the <b>dvips</b> documentation for
more information about setting up an initialization
file.</p>
<p>The following lines in a font substitution file
indicate that the font <tt>grbk</tt> (which is the name
of the <tt>TFM</tt> file) corresponds to the built-in
printer font Garamond-Book. The <tt>TFM</tt> file
<tt>hlvcd</tt> corresponds to the printer font
Helvetica-Condensed. Helvetica-Condensed is not built
into the printer but is stored in the file
<tt>/home/walsh/fonts/helvcd.pfb</tt>. If
<tt>hlvcd</tt> is used in a document, <b>dvips</b> will
download <tt>helvcd.pfb</tt> automatically when it
converts the document.</p>
<pre class="screen">
grbk Garamond-Book
hlvcd Helvetica-Condensed </home/walsh/fonts/helvcd.pfb
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="id2904885"
name="id2904885"></a>Font substitution in other
drivers</h4>
</div>
</div>
<p>Other DVI drivers, particularly those written for
operating environments like Microsoft Windows that
provide a standard interface to printers, may leave the
distinction between built-in and external fonts up to
the operating environment. If this is the case, you
must use the tools provided by the operating system to
support the printers and fonts that you require.</p>
<p>If your DVI driver does use a font substitution
file, make sure that the translations specified
actually exist. The DVI driver cannot practically
determine if the font you have specified as built into
the printer really exists or not. If it doesn't, you
won't get the output you expect, and the DVI driver
will not be able to diagnose the problem.</p>
<p>The most significant disadvantage of using built-in
fonts is that they are not usually available for
on-screen previewing of your document. Some form of
font substitution has to be employed to preview a
document. Sometimes this reduces the utility of
on-screen previewing. Chapter <a href="ch09.html"
title="Chapter 9. Previewing">Chapter 9</a>,
<span class="emphasis"><em><a href="ch09.html"
title="Chapter 9. Previewing">Chapter 9</a></em></span>,
discusses this issue in more detail.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2904946"
name="id2904946"></a>External Fonts</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>External fonts<a id="id2904955" class="indexterm"
name="id2904955"></a>, those that aren't built into the
printer, pose a different set of problems. First, they
have to be available to the DVI driver, and they have to
be represented in a manner that the DVI driver
understands. For the vast majority of DVI drivers, this
means that the fonts must be stored in files on your hard
disk in <tt>PK</tt> format. The <tt>PK</tt><a
id="id2904990" class="indexterm" name="id2904990"></a>
files contain a compressed, bitmapped rendering of the
font at a particular resolution. For more information
about <tt>PK</tt> files and other bitmapped-font issues,
see “<a href="ch08.html#sec.bitfonts"
title="Built-in Fonts">the section called “Built-in
Fonts”</a>” later in this chapter.</p>
<p>Most DVI drivers locate fonts by searching in the
directories contained in an environment variable or in
some system-dependent locations.</p>
<p>Once the fonts are available, the DVI driver has two
options for using them: it can download them to the
printer, or it can send them as bitmapped graphic images.
Most laser printers can accept downloadable fonts,
although they may require additional memory to accept
large numbers of fonts. In either case, the printable
files are generally larger and print more slowly than
documents that use the printer's built-in fonts. Of
course, using external fonts does give you far more
flexibility than using only built-in fonts.</p>
<p>Unlike a missing internal font, if you attempt to use
an external font that is not available, your DVI driver
will be able to detect the problem and may be able to
substitute another font or compensate in some other
way.</p>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b>Increasing Printing Speed</b></p>
<p>How can you increase printing speed<a id="id2905074"
class="indexterm" name="id2905074"></a> if you
frequently print, on a laser printer, documents that
use a small number of external fonts (for example,
several sizes of Computer Modern)? A handy trick is to
download the fonts manually and then tell the DVI
driver that the fonts are built-in.</p>
<p>Suppose you use the 7pt, 10pt, and 12pt sizes of
Computer Modern Roman, and the 12pt and 14pt sizes of
Computer Modern Bold Extended in most of your
documents. If you are printing on an HP LaserJet
printer with emTeX's <b>dvihplj</b>, you could convert
the relevant <tt>PK</tt> files into HP LaserJet
softfonts with <b>PKtoSFP</b><a id="id2905121"
class="indexterm" name="id2905121"></a> (see the
discussion of bitmapped fonts in the next section to
determine which <tt>PK</tt> files are relevant). Then
download them to the printer every morning with a
utility like <b>Sfload</b><a id="id2905150"
class="indexterm" name="id2905150"></a>. <b>Sfload</b>
is part of the <b>Sfware</b><a id="id2905171"
class="indexterm" name="id2905171"></a> package.
(Disclaimer: I wrote <b>Sfware</b> so I'm partial to
it. There are many other programs that can download
softfonts.) In the font-substitution file for
<b>dvihplj</b><a id="id2905194" class="indexterm"
name="id2905194"></a>, simply indicate that those fonts
are built-in, and <b>dvihplj</b> will no longer
download them for each document. This can significantly
decrease the amount of data that must be sent to the
printer for each document.</p>
<p>Beware, however, that if you fail to download the
fonts, you will get very badly garbled output when you
print a document.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2905223"
name="id2905223"></a>Bitmapped Fonts</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>Each character in a bitmapped font is represented by a
rectangular array of dots. Some of the dots in this array
are “on,” and some are “off.”
When the dots are printed very close together, they
provide the illusion of a solid character. Bitmapped
fonts are common in the TeX community because all of the
fonts created by MetaFont are printed in bitmapped
form.</p>
<p>The notion of magnification discussed in the section
called “<a href="ch05.html#sec.issueofsize"
title="What TeX Needs To Know">the section called
“What TeX Needs To Know”</a>” in
Chapter <a href="ch05.html"
title="Chapter 5. Fonts">Chapter 5</a> is
interpreted as an issue of resolution when dealing with
bitmapped fonts.</p>
<p>Resolution<a id="id2905279" class="indexterm"
name="id2905279"></a> is used in a slightly
counter-intuitive way by DVI drivers. Generally,
resolution is described as a feature of a device that
affects the <span
class="emphasis"><em>appearance</em></span> of images
printed on that device and not their <span
class="emphasis"><em>size</em></span>. For example, in
comparing two drawings in which one was printed on 150dpi
dot-matrix printer and the other was printed on a 300dpi
laser printer, I might say, “the laser printed page
looks better because it was printed at a higher
resolution.”</p>
<p>That's true, but what isn't usually stated explicitly
is that the comparison is between a 150dpi drawing
rendered at 150dpi and a 300dpi drawing rendered at
300dpi. This is the situation shown in Figure <a
href="ch08.html#fig.reschange"
title="Figure 8.1. Resolution of the bitmap and the device changed simultaneously">
Figure 8.1</a> where a 4dpi image is printed at 4dpi
next to an 8dpi image printed at 8dpi.</p>
<div class="figure">
<a id="fig.reschange" name="fig.reschange"></a>
<p class="title"><b>Figure 8.1. Resolution of
the bitmap and the device changed
simultaneously</b></p>
<pre class="screen">
\input{ft-resch.fig}
</pre>
</div>
<p>What if the resolution of the printer were held
constant? That's the situation shown in Figure <a
href="ch08.html#fig.sizechange"
title="Figure 8.2. Resolution of the bitmap changed while device held constant">
Figure 8.2</a>. The 4dpi image printed at 4dpi is
shown next to the 8dpi image printed at 4dpi. The result
is that the size of the image is doubled.</p>
<div class="figure">
<a id="fig.sizechange" name="fig.sizechange"></a>
<p class="title"><b>Figure 8.2. Resolution of
the bitmap changed while device held constant</b></p>
<pre class="screen">
\input{ft-sizch.fig}
</pre>
</div>
<p>This is the technique that DVI drivers use to print a
larger magnification of the same font; they print a
version of the font designed for a correspondingly
higher-resolution device. The same technique is used to
print at smaller magnifications.</p>
<p>Most DVI drivers use bitmapped fonts stored in
<tt>PK</tt> files<a id="id2905416" class="indexterm"
name="id2905416"></a>. The <tt>PK</tt> format is a highly
compressed binary format.<sup>[<a id="id2905446"
name="id2905446" href="#ftn.id2905446">99</a>]</sup> Two
other bitmapped font formats (sometimes accepted by DVI
drivers) are associated with TeX: <tt>GF</tt><a
id="id2905494" class="indexterm" name="id2905494"></a>
and <tt>PXL</tt> files<a id="id2905511" class="indexterm"
name="id2905511"></a>. The <tt>GF</tt> format is a very
flat, uncompressed bitmap format produced by several
utility programs, including MetaFont. The <b>GFtoPK<a
id="id2905547" class="indexterm"
name="id2905547"></a></b> program converts <tt>GF</tt>
files into <tt>PK</tt> files. The <tt>PXL</tt> format<a
id="id2905584" class="indexterm" name="id2905584"></a> is
an uncompressed bitmap format; it has been superseded by
the <tt>PK</tt> format (which achieves better
compression) and is completely obsolete. If you still
have <tt>PXL</tt> files, you should convert them to
<tt>PK</tt> format with the <b>PXtoPK</b><a
id="id2905640" class="indexterm" name="id2905640"></a>
utility. If you are using a DVI driver that still
requires <tt>PXL</tt> files, you should find out about an
upgrade; the program is obsolete.</p>
<p>The fact that DVI drivers use different resolutions of
the same font file to obtain different magnifications
introduces a naming problem. How can the DVI driver
distinguish between <tt>cmr12.pk</tt> at 300dpi and
<tt>cmr12.pk</tt> at 360dpi (or any other
resolution)?</p>
<p>On unix systems, this problem is usually resolved by
putting the resolution in the filename in front of the
extension <span class="emphasis"><em>pk</em></span>. For
example, <tt>cmr12.300pk</tt> is <tt>cmr12</tt> at 300dpi
while <tt>cmr12.360pk</tt> is <tt>cmr12</tt> at
360dpi.</p>
<p>On many other systems, where the operating system
imposes limits on the length of filenames, a solution is
achieved by storing the fonts in different
subdirectories. On MS-DOS, for example, the 300dpi
version of <tt>cmr12</tt> might be stored in <span
class="emphasis"><em>\bs texfonts\bs 300dpi\bs
cmr12.pk</em></span> while the 360dpi version is stored
in <span class="emphasis"><em>\bs texfonts\bs 360dpi\bs
cmr12.pk</em></span>.</p>
<p>In either case, you should obey the conventions
specified by your DVI driver to assure that the DVI
driver can find the fonts. One common solution to the
problem of finding fonts is to use an environment
variable to list the directories where <tt>PK</tt> files
occur. For example, on a unix system, the environment
variable <tt>TEXPKS</tt> might hold a list of directories
separated by colons:<sup>[<a id="id2905773"
name="id2905773" href="#ftn.id2905773">100</a>]</sup></p>
<pre class="screen">
TEXPKS=/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts:/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/pk: /usr/local/lib/mf/fonts:/usr/local/lib/mf/fonts/pk
</pre>
<p>Under MS-DOS, the environment variable
<tt>DVIDRVFONTS</tt> might hold a list of directories
separated by semicolons:</p>
<pre class="screen">
DVIDRVFONTS=C:\TEXFONTS;C:\MYFONTS
</pre>
<p>The format of the environment variable and how it is
created or modified is determined by the operating
environment that you are using. The name of the
environment variable differs according to the DVI
driver.</p>
<p>To recap, TeX works with <span
class="emphasis"><em>magnifications</em></span><a
id="id2905827" class="indexterm" name="id2905827"></a><a
id="id2905837" class="indexterm" name="id2905837"></a> of
abstract, scalable measurements; DVI drivers work with
<span class="emphasis"><em>resolutions</em></span> of
fixed, bitmapped images.</p>
<p>To convert a magnification into a resolution, multiply
the resolution of your output device by the
magnification. A font at a magnification of 120\% on a
300dpi laser printer has a resolution of 360dpi.</p>
<p>To convert a resolution into a magnification, divide
the font resolution by the resolution of the printer. A
420dpi font on a 300dpi laser printer has a magnification
of 140\%.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2905872"
name="id2905872"></a>Scalable Fonts</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>Although scalable fonts<a id="id2905881"
class="indexterm" name="id2905881"></a> used to be very
uncommon, the proliferation of PostScript printers and
products like Adobe Type Manager (not to mention built-in
support for TrueType fonts in Apple System 7.0 and
Microsoft Windows 3.1) have made these fonts very common.
It is important to remember that scalable fonts are
ultimately converted into bitmapped fonts. All printers
eventually treat the page as a very large bitmap and
either do or do not deposit a small amount of ink in each
position in the bitmap.</p>
<p>Most DVI drivers leave the work of performing this
rasterization to someone else. If you are not using a
PostScript printer, you probably rely on some other piece
of software to do the work. Adobe Type Manager and
built-in support for TrueType are the most common
software solutions. Some printers, like the LaserJet III,
have built-in scalable fonts as well, even though they
are not PostScript printers.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2905916"
name="id2905916"></a>Font Printing Pitfalls</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>Sometimes you need a font at a size that is not
available. Because scalable fonts are available at any
size, this is a problem only with bitmapped fonts<a
id="id2905928" class="indexterm" name="id2905928"></a><a
id="id2905940" class="indexterm" name="id2905940"></a>.
Remember that MetaFont creates bitmapped fonts, but they
can be scaled because the <tt>MF</tt> source for the font
is not a bitmap. You can't scale the <tt>PK</tt> file,
but you can generate a new <tt>PK</tt> file at the size
you need. In order to do this, you must have MetaFont
installed, and you must have the <tt>MF</tt> source for
the font. Chapter <a href="ch11.html"
title="Chapter 11. Introducing MetaFont">Chapter 11</a>,
<span class="emphasis"><em><a href="ch11.html"
title="Chapter 11. Introducing MetaFont">Chapter 11</a></em></span>,
describes how to create a MetaFont font at any size.</p>
<p>If the font isn't a MetaFont font, or you don't have
the <tt>MF</tt> source, you may still be able to scale
the font. However, you should be aware before you try
that the result may be unacceptable. Scaling bitmapped
fonts causes ugly, jagged edges if the font is scaled
larger, and loss of detail if it is scaled smaller. Small
changes in size are sometimes manageable.</p>
<p>The <b>dvips</b> driver will scale bitmapped fonts if
it cannot find or build the requested font.
Alternatively, the <b>sffx</b><a id="id2906056"
class="indexterm" name="id2906056"></a> program can scale
HP LaserJet softfonts. I don't know of any other scaling
options.</p>
<p>Non-scalable fonts that are built into the printer
cannot be scaled at all. If you need to have a built-in
font at an unavailable size, you will have to substitute
another font in place of the built-in one.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="id2906078"
name="id2906078"></a>Printing Pictures and Figures</h2>
</div>
</div>
<p>Pictures<a id="id2906087" class="indexterm"
name="id2906087"></a><a id="id2906097" class="indexterm"
name="id2906097"></a> and figures<a id="id2906108"
class="indexterm" name="id2906108"></a><a id="id2906118"
class="indexterm" name="id2906118"></a> are frequently the
least portable elements of a document. Chapter <a
href="ch06.html"
title="Chapter 6. Pictures and Figures">Chapter 6</a>,
<span class="emphasis"><em><a href="ch06.html"
title="Chapter 6. Pictures and Figures">Chapter 6</a></em></span>,
describes many of the options that are available for
including pictures and figures in a document.</p>
<p>If the method used is supported by the DVI driver and
printer that you use, pictures and figures are
transparently printed. They are even less difficult to
print than fonts. On the other hand, if you are attempting
to print a document which incorporates pictures and figures
using a method not supported by your DVI driver or printer,
it may be exceptionally difficult to print the
document.</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2906166"
name="id2906166"></a>Unsolvable Problems</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p><tt>DVI</tt> files are not always
“complete” with respect to pictures and
figures. Many documents use \special commands to access
DVI driver or printer-specific features in order to
include pictures and figures. These \specials may have
just the name of an external file that contains the
graphic image to be included. For example, using the
emTeX drivers, I can include a bitmapped graphic image
with the command \special\verb|{em:graph spslogo}|. When
emTeX's DVI drivers process this command, the graphic
image in the file <tt>spslogo.pcx</tt> is included in the
output. If I transmit this <tt>DVI</tt> file to another
computer but forget to transmit the file
<tt>spslogo.pcx</tt>, there is no way to print the
<tt>DVI</tt> file with the SPS logo.</p>
<p>At first, it may seem that a good solution to the
problem described above would be to include the actual
data for the image in the \special command. But to do
that, TeX would have to process the image data, defeating
the purpose of the \special mechanism. The \special
mechanism is better because it is open ended---it can
handle new types of graphics, for example, without
changing TeX.</p>
<p>The second, essentially unsolvable, problem involves
<tt>DVI</tt> files containing \special commands that have
embedded data. For example, one set of picture drawing
\special commands are the <tt>tpic</tt> \specials. If
your DVI driver does not understand these commands, there
is no practical way to extract them from the <tt>DVI</tt>
file in order to convert them into a format your DVI
driver understands. There may not even be a practical way
of extracting them from the TeX document to construct a
printable image. You simply can't print that document
with the <tt>tpic</tt> figures intact.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2906292"
name="id2906292"></a>Solvable Problems</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>If you have a document that includes an external
picture or figure using a method that your DVI driver or
printer does not understand, and you have the file that
contains the graphic image and the TeX source for the
document, you may be able to print it.</p>
<p>The section called “<a
href="ch06.html#sec.picconv"
title="Manipulating Images">the section called
“Manipulating Images”</a>” in
Chapter <a href="ch06.html"
title="Chapter 6. Pictures and Figures">Chapter 6</a>,
lists a wide variety of picture conversion tools that may
allow you to convert the image into a printable form. For
example, if the document in question uses a \special
command to include a <tt>PCX</tt> graphic image, but your
DVI driver only understands the Macintosh <tt>PICT</tt>
format, you could use the <b>PBMplus</b><a id="id2906359"
class="indexterm" name="id2906359"></a> utilities to
convert the <tt>PCX</tt> image into <tt>PICT</tt>
format.</p>
<p>A conversion that might frequently be necessary if you
work on both PostScript and non-PostScript printers is
conversion from encapsulated PostScript to a bitmap
format. This is a translation that <b>Ghostscript</b> or
some other PostScript interpreter can perform.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2906405"
name="id2906405"></a>Pictures Using Only TeX</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>Device-independent pictures created using only TeX
pose no particular printing problems. These include the
LaTeX <tt>picture</tt> environment, as well as the PiCTeX
and <b>XYPic</b> macro packages.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2906432"
name="id2906432"></a>MetaFont Figures</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>Pictures<a id="id2906441" class="indexterm"
name="id2906441"></a><a id="id2906454" class="indexterm"
name="id2906454"></a> created with MetaFont (using
<b>MFPic</b>, <b>Fig2MF</b>, or MetaFont directly) are
really MetaFont fonts. As a result, they can be created
for almost any raster output device.<sup>[<a
id="id2906483" name="id2906483"
href="#ftn.id2906483">101</a>]</sup> As long as MetaFont
is available and the figures aren't too large, they pose
no problems. Very large images may break some DVI drivers
or may not be printable on some output devices.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2906500"
name="id2906500"></a>Scalable Images</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>Scalable formats<a id="id2906509" class="indexterm"
name="id2906509"></a>, primarily PostScript and HPGL, are
difficult to convert to other printing technologies.
However, the <b>Ghostscript</b><a id="id2906527"
class="indexterm" name="id2906527"></a> program is one
option for PostScript figures, and <b>hp2xx</b><a
id="id2906542" class="indexterm" name="id2906542"></a>
can convert a subset of HPGL commands into other
formats.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2906554"
name="id2906554"></a>Bitmap Images</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>Bitmap images<a id="id2906563" class="indexterm"
name="id2906563"></a> are generally the easiest to
convert from one format to another, but there is another
issue that is more difficult to deal with---resolution.
Printing a bitmap image at 1200dpi if the original is
only 300dpi is not easy.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="id2906581"
name="id2906581"></a>Selected Drivers</h2>
</div>
</div>
<p>Table <a href="ch08.html#tab.drivers"
title="Table 8.1. Common DVI Drivers">Table 8.1</a>
lists a number of common DVI drivers<a id="id2906602"
class="indexterm" name="id2906602"></a><a id="id2906609"
class="indexterm" name="id2906609"></a> used to print TeX
documents (as opposed to previewing them). These drivers
are discussed in more detail in this section. The list of
drivers described here is nowhere near complete. The
presence or absence of a particular driver from this list
is not intended as a reflection on the quality of the
driver. I tried to select a representative set of free and
commercial drivers. Drivers for other printers usually
offer similar features.</p>
<div class="table">
<a id="tab.drivers" name="tab.drivers"></a>
<p class="title"><b>Table 8.1. Common DVI
Drivers</b></p>
<table summary="Common DVI Drivers" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" />
<col align="left" />
<col align="left" />
<col align="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">\bf DVI driver</th>
<th align="left">\bf Supplier</th>
<th align="left">\bf System</th>
<th align="left">\bf Printers</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>dvihplj</b></td>
<td align="left">Free (emTeX)</td>
<td align="left"> </td>
<td align="left">HP LaserJet compatible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>dvidot</b></td>
<td align="left">Free (emTeX)</td>
<td align="left">MS-DOS+OS/2</td>
<td align="left">Most dot matrix</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>dvipcx</b></td>
<td align="left">Free (emTeX)</td>
<td align="left"> </td>
<td align="left"><tt>PCX</tt> graphic images</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>dvilj2</b></td>
<td align="left">Free (<span
class="emphasis"><em>dvi2xx</em></span>)</td>
<td align="left">Most</td>
<td align="left">HP LaserJet compatible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>dvips</b></td>
<td align="left">Free (<span
class="emphasis"><em>dvips</em></span>)</td>
<td align="left">Most</td>
<td align="left">PostScript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>DVILASER/HP</b></td>
<td align="left">ArborText</td>
<td align="left">MS-DOS, Unix</td>
<td align="left">HP LaserJet compatible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>DVILASER/PS</b></td>
<td align="left">ArborText</td>
<td align="left">MS-DOS, Unix</td>
<td align="left">PostScript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>PTI Laser/HP</b></td>
<td align="left">Personal TeX</td>
<td align="left">MS-DOS</td>
<td align="left">HP LaserJet compatible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>PTI Laser/PS</b></td>
<td align="left">Personal TeX</td>
<td align="left">MS-DOS</td>
<td align="left">PostScript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>PTI Jet</b></td>
<td align="left">Personal TeX</td>
<td align="left">MS-DOS</td>
<td align="left">HP DeskJet compatible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>dvipsone</b></td>
<td align="left">Y&Y</td>
<td align="left">MS-DOS</td>
<td align="left">PostScript</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2906990"
name="id2906990"></a>emTeX Drivers</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>The emTeX<a id="id2906999" class="indexterm"
name="id2906999"></a> distribution includes three DVI
drivers: <b>dvihplj</b><a id="id2907020"
class="indexterm" name="id2907020"></a> for printing on
HP LaserJet, DeskJet, PaintJet, QuietJet printers (as
well as the Kyocera laser printer), <b>dvidot</b><a
id="id2907035" class="indexterm" name="id2907035"></a>
for printing on a wide variety of dot-matrix printers,
and <b>dvipcx</b><a id="id2907050" class="indexterm"
name="id2907050"></a> for translating DVI files into
<tt>PCX</tt> graphics images (for faxing, for example).
The printers that <b>dvidot</b> supports are listed
below. If your dot-matrix printer isn't listed, detailed
instructions in the emTeX documentation will probably
allow you to construct an appropriate parameter file.</p>
<table class="simplelist" border="0"
summary="Simple list">
<tr>
<td>Apple Imagewriter</td>
<td>IBM Proprinter 4202</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C.ITOH 8510A</td>
<td>IBM Proprinter 4207</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Canon Bubble Jet BJ-10e</td>
<td>IBM Proprinter 4208</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EPSON FX and RX series</td>
<td>NEC P6, Panasonic KX-P1124</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EPSON LQ series</td>
<td>NEC P7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IBM Proprinter 4201</td>
<td>Tandy DMP-130</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>All of the emTeX drivers support several \special
commands for including bitmapped graphics and lines at
any angle.</p>
<p>The Computer Modern fonts in <tt>PK</tt> format occupy
several directories and considerable space on disk. To
minimize the impact of keeping several magnifications of
fonts around, the emTeX drivers introduced the concept of
<span class="emphasis"><em>font libraries</em></span>.
Font libraries<a id="id2907170" class="indexterm"
name="id2907170"></a> are single files that contain many,
many <tt>PK</tt> fonts<a id="id2907189" class="indexterm"
name="id2907189"></a><a id="id2907208" class="indexterm"
name="id2907208"></a>. The fonts distributed with emTeX
are distributed in font library format. The
<b>fontlib</b> program, distributed with emTeX, allows
you to create and maintain font libraries of your
own.</p>
<p>The emTeX drivers support automatic font generation
starting with version 1.4S. This is accomplished by a
second program, <b>dvidrv</b><a id="id2907239"
class="indexterm" name="id2907239"></a>, that runs the
DVI driver and then <b>MFjob</b><a id="id2907254"
class="indexterm" name="id2907254"></a>, if required, to
build the fonts. The relationship between these
components is shown in Figure <a
href="ch08.html#fig.emdvi"
title="Figure 8.3. Previewing and printing with emTeX">
Figure 8.3</a>.</p>
<div class="figure">
<a id="fig.emdvi" name="fig.emdvi"></a>
<p class="title"><b>Figure 8.3. Previewing
and printing with emTeX</b></p>
<pre class="screen">
FIXME:
</pre>
</div>
<p>Starting with version 1.4t,<sup>[<a id="id2907302"
name="id2907302" href="#ftn.id2907302">102</a>]</sup>
emTeX's <b>dvihplj</b> supports 600dpi fonts (for the
LaserJet 4 series) and built-in printer fonts.</p>
<p>The following list of features highlights some of the
capabilities of the emTeX drivers:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<p>Printing of a range of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing of multiple copies (with or without
collating)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Reverse ordering of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selection of duplex printing</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to scale <tt>PK</tt> files to the
requested size if an appropriate <tt>PK</tt> file
is unavailable. This may result in poorer output
quality due to distortion, but that's not emTeX's
fault.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Extremely flexible support for printing booklets
and “n-up” arrangements of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selection of paper size and dimensions (margins,
etc.)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Transformations (rotation by a multiple of 90
degrees)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Changes in magnification and resolution of
output</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for font libraries</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for font compression in printers with
that feature</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to download each page as a large bitmap
(to overcome font limitations in some printers)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for automatic font generation</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2907474"
name="id2907474"></a>dvilj2</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p><b>dvilj2</b><a id="id2907487" class="indexterm"
name="id2907487"></a> is a free driver for the HP
LaserJet Series II printer. It is part of the
<b>dvi2xx</b> distribution, which also includes drivers
for the HP LaserJet Series IIP and III printers, as well
as a driver for the IBM 3812 page printer.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2907508"
name="id2907508"></a>dvips</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p><b>dvips</b><a id="id2907521" class="indexterm"
name="id2907521"></a> is one of the most popular
PostScript <tt>DVI</tt> drivers. It is available for
unix, MS-DOS, and OS/2 platforms. It may also be
available on other platforms because the source code is
freely available. <b>dvips</b> supports a wide range of
\special commands for controlling the PostScript output,
including pictures and figures and raw PostScript
code.</p>
<p>The following list of features highlights some of
<b>dvips</b>'s capabilities:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<p>Inclusion of printer-specific prologue files</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for compressed PostScript pictures and
figures</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Automatic creation of pseudo-bold and
pseudo-italic fonts</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to run as a filter</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Automatic splitting of documents into sections
to prevent out-of-memory errors on the printer</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing of crop marks</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing of a range of pages (by physical sheet
or TeX page number)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selection of manual-feed on the printer</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Limit on number of output pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Reverse order of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selection of paper type</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Changes in magnification of the output</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing of odd/even pages only</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing of multiple copies (with or without
collating)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Stripping of comments (to avoid printer/spooler
bugs)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Moving of printed image left/right or up/down
page</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Compression of fonts before downloading</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>An option to the <b>dvips</b> driver can be used to
indicate which printer the output is destined for. This
allows many printer-specific options (resolution, paper
sizes, etc.) to be specified in a configuration file,
removing from the user the burden of remembering
them.</p>
<p>Automatic font generation is supported by
<b>dvips</b>, as described above. <b>dvipsk</b><a
id="id2907755" class="indexterm" name="id2907755"></a>, a
modified version of <b>dvips</b>, also supports a
font-searching mechanism that greatly simplifies the task
of specifying which directories contain font files. If
any directory specification in the font path ends with
two slashes, <b>dvips</b> searches that directory and all
of its subdirectories for the font files. This allows you
to create a font directory structure like the one shown
here:</p>
<pre class="screen">
/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/<span
class="emphasis"><em>supplier</em></span>
/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/<span
class="emphasis"><em>supplier</em></span>/<span
class="emphasis"><em>typeface</em></span>
/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/<span
class="emphasis"><em>supplier</em></span>/<span
class="emphasis"><em>typeface</em></span>/src
/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/<span
class="emphasis"><em>supplier</em></span>/<span
class="emphasis"><em>typeface</em></span>/tfm
/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/<span
class="emphasis"><em>supplier</em></span>/<span
class="emphasis"><em>typeface</em></span>/vf
/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/<span
class="emphasis"><em>supplier</em></span>/<span
class="emphasis"><em>typeface</em></span>/vpl
/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/<span
class="emphasis"><em>supplier</em></span>/<span
class="emphasis"><em>typeface</em></span>/glyphs
/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/<span
class="emphasis"><em>supplier</em></span>/<span
class="emphasis"><em>typeface</em></span>/glyphs/pk
</pre>
<p>This arrangement is advantageous because it organizes
your fonts and simplifies maintenance of the directories
that contain them. If <tt>/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts//</tt>
is in the font search path, <b>dvips</b> will search
through all of the font directories for the files that it
needs. For example, it might find the <tt>TFM</tt> file
for <tt>cmr10</tt> in
<tt>/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/free/cm/tfm</tt>. The
directory
<tt>/usr/local/lib/tex/fonts/adobe/garamond/glyphs/type1</tt>
is the location for the PostScript source of the
Garamond-Italic font.</p>
<p>The <b>dvips</b> distribution includes the
<b>afm2tfm</b><a id="id2907929" class="indexterm"
name="id2907929"></a> program for creating TeX font
metrics from Adobe <tt>AFM</tt> files<a id="id2907948"
class="indexterm" name="id2907948"></a>. This version of
<b>afm2tfm</b> can perform several useful tasks such as
automatically creating appropriate virtual fonts (for
mapping TeX font encodings to PostScript encodings) or
changing the encoding of the PostScript font.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="sec.pr.dvilaserhp"
name="sec.pr.dvilaserhp"></a>DVILASER/HP</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>ArborText<a id="id2907992" class="indexterm"
name="id2907992"></a>'s \dvilaserhp<a id="id2908001"
class="indexterm" name="id2908001"></a> DVI driver
translates TeX <tt>DVI</tt> files into a format that can
be printed on HP LaserJet printers. These drivers are
available for both MS-DOS and supported unix
workstations. The following discussion is based on
experiences with \dvilaserhp version 5.3.3, the MS-DOS
implementation of ArborText's HP LaserJet driver.</p>
<p>\dvilaserhp functions in the way you would expect,
generating LaserJet printable documents from TeX
<tt>DVI</tt> files. It also has many special features.
Some of the more interesting features are summarized
below. \dvilaserhp can print documents using <tt>PK</tt>
files, HP LaserJet softfonts, and built-in fonts
(including fonts from cartridges).</p>
<p>ArborText supplies a complete set of Computer Modern
fonts in <tt>PK</tt> format. Recent releases of
\dvilaserhp can use the virtual fonts introduced in TeX
version 3.0.</p>
<p>ArborText's \dvilaserhp DVI driver provides the
following features:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<p>Selectable number of copies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optional reverse ordering of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable manual-feed</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Portrait or landscape orientation</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable page size</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to scale <tt>PK</tt> files to the
requested size if an appropriate <tt>PK</tt> file
is unavailable. This may result in poorer output
quality due to distortion, but that's not
\dvilaserhp's fault.<sup>[<a id="id2908153"
name="id2908153"
href="#ftn.id2908153">103</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Page movement and reordering options (for
printing multiple pages on a single sheet of paper,
for example)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Configurable font substitution</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for LaserJet “overlays.”
\dvilaserhp recognizes \special commands for
inserting raw HP LaserJet format documents and
inserting HP LaserJet overlays<sup>[<a
id="id2908216" name="id2908216"
href="#ftn.id2908216">104</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>An interactive mode (useful for printing only
selected pages from a document without re-running
\dvilaserhp many times or when many options are
going to be used)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable paper tray</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Many other utilities come with \dvilaserhp; they are
summarized in Table <a
href="ch08.html#tab.dvilaserhp.util"
title="Table 8.2. Other \protect\dvilaserhp Utilities">
Table 8.2</a>.<a id="id2908263" class="indexterm"
name="id2908263"></a><a id="id2908269" class="indexterm"
name="id2908269"></a><a id="id2908276" class="indexterm"
name="id2908276"></a><a id="id2908283" class="indexterm"
name="id2908283"></a> <a id="id2908292" class="indexterm"
name="id2908292"></a><a id="id2908299" class="indexterm"
name="id2908299"></a><a id="id2908306" class="indexterm"
name="id2908306"></a><a id="id2908313" class="indexterm"
name="id2908313"></a><a id="id2908320" class="indexterm"
name="id2908320"></a> <a id="id2908328" class="indexterm"
name="id2908328"></a><a id="id2908335" class="indexterm"
name="id2908335"></a><a id="id2908342" class="indexterm"
name="id2908342"></a>\index{VPtoVF}{\def\x{${}^1$}</p>
<div class="table">
<a id="tab.dvilaserhp.util"
name="tab.dvilaserhp.util"></a>
<p class="title"><b>Table 8.2. Other
\protect\dvilaserhp Utilities</b></p>
<table summary="Other \protect\dvilaserhp Utilities"
border="1">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" />
<col align="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">\bf Utility</th>
<th align="left">\bf Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it aftovp</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>VPL</tt> from
<tt>AFM</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it gftopk\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>GF</tt> files into
<tt>PK</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it hpformat</td>
<td align="left">A print formatter for ASCII
files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it packpxl</td>
<td align="left">Creates packed (byte-aligned)
<tt>PXL</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it painthp</td>
<td align="left">Converts MacPaint files into HP
LaserJet format</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it pcltopk\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts HP LaserJet softfonts
into <tt>PK</tt>/<tt>TFM</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it pktopx\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>PK</tt> files into
<tt>PXL</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it pxtopk\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>PXL</tt> files into
<tt>PK</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it spr</td>
<td align="left">A serial-line print spooler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it tftovp</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>VPL</tt> from
<tt>TFM</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it unpkpxl</td>
<td align="left">Creates standard, word-aligned
<tt>PXL</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it vftovp\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>VF</tt> files into
<tt>VPL</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it vptovf\,\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>VPL</tt> files into
<tt>VF</tt> files</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>ArborText recently released <b>DVILASER/HP3 drivers<a
id="id2908752" class="indexterm"
name="id2908752"></a></b> for the HP LaserJet III and IV
printers. In addition to the features described above,
<b>DVILASER/HP3</b> supports more complex documents,
compressed font downloading, 600dpi and duplex printing,
paper tray and output bin selection, and the ability to
include TIFF images via a \special command.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="sec.pr.dvilaserps"
name="sec.pr.dvilaserps"></a>DVILASER/PS</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p>ArborText<a id="id2908789" class="indexterm"
name="id2908789"></a>'s \dvilaserps<a id="id2908797"
class="indexterm" name="id2908797"></a> DVI driver
translates TeX <tt>DVI</tt> files into PostScript. These
drivers are available for both MS-DOS and supported unix
workstations. The following discussion is based on
experiences with \dvilaserps version 6.3.5, the MS-DOS
implementation of ArborText's PostScript driver.</p>
<p>PostScript DVI drivers are more flexible than many
other DVI drivers because PostScript is a very powerful
page description language. Some of \dvilaserps's more
interesting features are summarized below. \dvilaserps
can print documents using <tt>PK</tt> files, downloadable
PostScript fonts, and built-in fonts. ArborText supplies
<tt>TFM</tt> files for many built-in PostScript fonts.
Recent releases of \dvilaserps can use the virtual fonts
introduced in TeX version 3.0.</p>
<p>ArborText's \dvilaserps DVI driver provides the
following features:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<p>Options for loading custom PostScript prologue
code</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to be used as a filter (sends PostScript
code to standard output)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable number of copies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optional reverse ordering of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Portrait or landscape orientation</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable page size</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to scale <tt>PK</tt> files to the
requested size if an appropriate <tt>PK</tt> file
is unavailable. This may result in poorer output
quality due to distortion, but that's not
\dvilaserps's fault.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Page movement and reordering options (for
printing multiple pages on a single sheet of paper,
for example)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable paper tray</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Configurable font substitution</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for LaserJet “overlays”</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>An interactive mode (useful for printing only
selected pages from a document without re-running
\dvilaserps many times or when many options are
going to be used)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to download <tt>PK</tt> files
permanently, speeding printing of future
documents</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Document, page, or encapsulated PostScript
document structuring options</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optional clipping of characters that fall
outside the normally printable page area</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Many other utilities come with \dvilaserps. They are
summarized in<a id="id2909044" class="indexterm"
name="id2909044"></a><a id="id2909051" class="indexterm"
name="id2909051"></a><a id="id2909058" class="indexterm"
name="id2909058"></a><a id="id2909065" class="indexterm"
name="id2909065"></a> <a id="id2909073" class="indexterm"
name="id2909073"></a><a id="id2909080" class="indexterm"
name="id2909080"></a><a id="id2909087" class="indexterm"
name="id2909087"></a><a id="id2909094" class="indexterm"
name="id2909094"></a><a id="id2909102" class="indexterm"
name="id2909102"></a> <a id="id2909110" class="indexterm"
name="id2909110"></a><a id="id2909117" class="indexterm"
name="id2909117"></a><a id="id2909124" class="indexterm"
name="id2909124"></a><a id="id2909131" class="indexterm"
name="id2909131"></a> <a id="id2909140" class="indexterm"
name="id2909140"></a><a id="id2909147" class="indexterm"
name="id2909147"></a> Table <a
href="ch08.html#tab.dvilaserps.util"
title="Table 8.3. Other \protect\dvilaserps Utilities">
Table 8.3</a>.</p>
<div class="table">
<a id="tab.dvilaserps.util"
name="tab.dvilaserps.util"></a>
<p class="title"><b>Table 8.3. Other
\protect\dvilaserps Utilities</b></p>
<table summary="Other \protect\dvilaserps Utilities"
border="1">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" />
<col align="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">\bf Utility</th>
<th align="left">\bf Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it afmtopl</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>AFM</tt> files into
unmapped <tt>PL</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it afmtoplm</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>AFM</tt> files into
mapped <tt>PL</tt> files\y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it aftovp</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>VPL</tt> from
<tt>AFM</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it gftopk\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>GF</tt> files into
<tt>PK</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it packpxl</td>
<td align="left">Creates packed (byte-aligned)
<tt>PXL</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it pktopx\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>PK</tt> files into
<tt>PXL</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it pltotf\,\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>PL</tt> files into
<tt>TFM</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it psformat</td>
<td align="left">A print formatter for ASCII
files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it pxtopk\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>PXL</tt> files into
<tt>PK</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it spr</td>
<td align="left">A serial-line print spooler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it tftopl\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>TFM</tt> files into
<tt>PL</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it tftovp</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>VPL</tt> from
<tt>TFM</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it unpkpxl</td>
<td align="left">Creates standard, word-aligned
<tt>PXL</tt> file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it vftovp\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>VF</tt> files into
<tt>VPL</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\it vptovf\,\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>VPL</tt> files into
<tt>VF</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">\multicolumn{2}{l}{ ${}^1$\vrule
height11pt width0pt\tiny A standard, or otherwise
freely available, utility.}</td>
<td class="auto-generated"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>\dvilaserps recognizes \special commands for inserting
raw PostScript files and commands, encapsulated
PostScript files, and automatic page overlays (which can
be selectively enabled and disabled). Other \special
commands allow you to set most of the \dvilaserps
command-line options directly in the document, rotate any
TeX “box” to any angle, and print change
bars. For LaTeX users, ArborText includes a plug-in
replacement for LaTeX's picture environments that uses
PostScript instead of special fonts to draw each
figure.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2909658"
name="id2909658"></a>PTI Laser/HP and PTI Jet</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p><b>PTI Laser/HP</b><a id="id2909683" class="indexterm"
name="id2909683"></a> and <b>PTI Jet</b><a id="id2909696"
class="indexterm" name="id2909696"></a> are distributed
together by Personal TeX, Inc.<a id="id2909706"
class="indexterm" name="id2909706"></a> <b>PTI
Laser/HP</b> is an HP LaserJet driver. <b>PTI Jet</b> is
a DeskJet driver. The <b>PTI Jet</b> driver works with a
standard DeskJet printer; no additional options or memory
are required. The <b>PTI Laser/HP</b> driver is for HP
LaserJet II and III series printers. A separate program,
<b>PTI Laser/HP4</b>, is sold for LaserJet 4 series
printers (to support 600dpi fonts, for example).</p>
<p>The following features are available in these
drivers:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<p>Support for font substitution</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for built-in fonts</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing multiple copies of each page</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Setting page size</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing in landscape mode</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selecting magnification</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to print a range of pages (by physical
sheet or TeX page number)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Reversing order of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to move the page image left/right or
up/down the page</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for 256 character fonts</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><b>PTI Laser/HP</b> offers the following additional
features, which are not supported by <b>PTI Jet</b>:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<p>Ability to reserve printer font ID numbers</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A utility program, <b>sftopk</b>, for converting
HP LaserJet softfonts into TeX <tt>PK</tt>
fonts</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for directly including HP LaserJet
printer commands via the \special mechanism in
TeX</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2909924"
name="id2909924"></a>PTI Laser/PS</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p><b>PTI Laser/PS</b><a id="id2909938" class="indexterm"
name="id2909938"></a> is Personal TeX's PostScript DVI
driver. In addition to the DVI driver, the <b>PTI
Laser/PS</b> package includes utilities for spooling
output to a serially-connected printer and converting
<tt>AFM</tt> files into <tt>TFM</tt> files.</p>
<p>Some of <b>PTI Laser/PS</b>'s more interesting options
are summarized below.</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<p>Ability to select different printer
resolutions</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable number of copies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Configurable font substitution</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable page size</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>An interactive mode for selecting options and
reacting to errors (characters that fall off the
page, missing fonts, etc.)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Portrait or landscape orientation</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable TeX magnification</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Option files for storing frequently used
options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selectable output filename</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Options to select individual pages or ranges of
pages by TeX page number or physical sheet
number</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optional reverse ordering of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Adjustable page offset (adjusts the position of
the printed page on the physical page)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for 256-character fonts</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Special support for the eccentricities of the
Apple LaserWriter printer</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><b>PTI Laser/PS</b> recognizes a \special command for
inserting raw PostScript files into the printed document.
The horizontal and vertical size of the inserted image
can be changed.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="id2910137"
name="id2910137"></a>dvipsone</h3>
</div>
</div>
<p><b>dvipsone</b><a id="id2910149" class="indexterm"
name="id2910149"></a> is a commercial PostScript driver
for MS-DOS distributed by Y&Y Inc.<a id="id2910159"
class="indexterm" name="id2910159"></a> It produces
PostScript output from a TeX <tt>DVI</tt> file.
<b>dvipsone</b> is designed for a
“bitmap-free” environment. This makes
<b>dvipsone</b> almost unique among <tt>DVI</tt> drivers
because it <span class="emphasis"><em>cannot</em></span>
use standard <tt>PK</tt> fonts. To use <b>dvipsone</b>,
you must have PostScript fonts for every font that you
use (or the font must be built into the printer).<sup>[<a
id="id2910231" name="id2910231"
href="#ftn.id2910231">105</a>]</sup> Y&Y sells a
complete set of Computer Modern fonts in Adobe
Type 1 format.</p>
<p><b>dvipsone</b> has a rich set of features:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<p>Printing multiple <tt>DVI</tt> files with a
single command</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing pages in reverse order</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing only odd or even pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ability to force output to conform to EPS
standards</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Assumption that all requested fonts are
printer-resident</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Insertion of verbatim PostScript</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing a range of pages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resizing of the output</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Rotation of output by arbitrary angle</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Shifting output left/right or up/down</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Printing arbitrary number of copies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selection of paper type (letter, landscape,
legal, etc.)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Insertion of user-specified PostScript
prologue</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Conservation of memory by downloading partial
fonts</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Remapping of the font encoding on-the-fly</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support for ten different styles of \special
commands for including encapsulated PostScript
images</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Perhaps the most interesting feature of the
<b>dvipsone</b> driver is its ability to download partial
PostScript fonts. Y&Y claim that partial font
downloading is a feature unique to <b>dvipsone</b>. A
moderately complex TeX document may use twenty or more
fonts and each font is typically between 20K and 30K.
This means that the DVI driver downloads roughly 500K of
font data for the document. In addition to requiring
considerable printer memory, all that font data increases
the amount of time that it takes to send your document to
the printer. The partial font downloading feature of
<b>dvipsone</b> means that only the characters that are
actually used in your document are sent to the printer.
The ability to download partial fonts can result in a
substantially smaller PostScript file.</p>
<p>Several other utilities are distributed with
<b>dvipsone</b>. They are summarized in <a id="id2910495"
class="indexterm" name="id2910495"></a><a id="id2910502"
class="indexterm" name="id2910502"></a><a id="id2910510"
class="indexterm" name="id2910510"></a><a id="id2910517"
class="indexterm" name="id2910517"></a> <a id="id2910525"
class="indexterm" name="id2910525"></a><a id="id2910532"
class="indexterm" name="id2910532"></a><a id="id2910539"
class="indexterm" name="id2910539"></a> Table <a
href="ch08.html#tab.dvipsone.util"
title="Table 8.4. Other dvipsone Utilities">Table 8.4</a>.</p>
<div class="table">
<a id="tab.dvipsone.util" name="tab.dvipsone.util"></a>
<p class="title"><b>Table 8.4. Other dvipsone
Utilities</b></p>
<table summary="Other dvipsone Utilities" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" />
<col align="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left"><span>\bf Utility</span></th>
<th align="left">\bf Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left"><tt>download</tt></td>
<td align="left">Robust font-downloading program
for PostScript fonts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><tt>afmtotfm</tt>\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>AFM</tt> files into
<tt>TFM</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><tt>tfmtoafm</tt></td>
<td align="left">Converts <tt>TFM</tt> files into
<tt>AFM</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><tt>pfatopfb</tt>\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Convert <tt>PFA</tt> files into
<tt>PFB</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><tt>pfbtopfa</tt>\,\x</td>
<td align="left">Convert <tt>PFB</tt> files into
<tt>PFA</tt> files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><tt>twoup</tt></td>
<td align="left">Reorders pages in a PostScript
file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><tt>pktops</tt></td>
<td align="left">Provides access to <tt>PK</tt>
fonts for <b>dvipsone</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footnotes">
<br />
<hr width="100" align="left" />
<div class="footnote">
<p><sup>[<a id="ftn.id2905446" name="ftn.id2905446"
href="#id2905446">99</a>]</sup> {For a complete, detailed
description of the <tt>PK</tt> and <tt>GF</tt> formats,
consult <span class="emphasis"><em>The GF to PK
Processor</em></span> [<a
href="bi01.html#mfware:gftopk">mfware:gftopk</a>].}</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><sup>[<a id="ftn.id2905773" name="ftn.id2905773"
href="#id2905773">100</a>]</sup> {A backslash is used
here to escape the end of the first line. This is a
standard way to continue a line in most unix shells.
Naturally, you can simply enter it as one line in your
editor, if you prefer.}</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><sup>[<a id="ftn.id2906483" name="ftn.id2906483"
href="#id2906483">101</a>]</sup> {Because figures are
frequently much larger than individual characters,
MetaFont may have difficulty with large figures at very
high resolutions.}</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><sup>[<a id="ftn.id2907302" name="ftn.id2907302"
href="#id2907302">102</a>]</sup> {In alpha-testing at the
time of this writing.}</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><sup>[<a id="ftn.id2908153" name="ftn.id2908153"
href="#id2908153">103</a>]</sup> {The scaling uses the
next larger-sized <tt>PK</tt> file, and ArborText claims
that this results in good quality over a large range of
point sizes without providing <tt>PK</tt> files for every
exact size.}</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><sup>[<a id="ftn.id2908216" name="ftn.id2908216"
href="#id2908216">104</a>]</sup> {Consult your HP
LaserJet reference manual for more information about
overlays.}</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><sup>[<a id="ftn.id2910231" name="ftn.id2910231"
href="#id2910231">105</a>]</sup> {The <b>dvipsone</b>
distribution includes a utility which can convert
<tt>PK</tt> fonts into bitmapped PostScript fonts. This
program translates a <tt>PK</tt> file into an Adobe
Type 3 font. Once in Type 3 format,
<b>dvipsone</b> can use the font. Using Type 3 fonts
created in this way adds resolution-dependence to your
PostScript file.}</p>
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