/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.jasper.servlet;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.Servlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletConfig;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.UnavailableException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagInfo;

import org.apache.jasper.JasperException;
import org.apache.jasper.JspCompilationContext;
import org.apache.jasper.Options;
import org.apache.jasper.compiler.JavacErrorDetail;
import org.apache.jasper.compiler.JspRuntimeContext;
import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;
import org.apache.jasper.compiler.SmapInput;
import org.apache.jasper.compiler.SmapStratum;
import org.apache.jasper.runtime.ExceptionUtils;
import org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory;
import org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent;
import org.apache.jasper.util.FastRemovalDequeue;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager;
import org.apache.tomcat.Jar;

/**
 * The Jasper JSP engine. The servlet container is responsible for providing a URLClassLoader for the web application
 * context Jasper is being used in. Jasper will try to get the Tomcat ServletContext attribute for its ServletContext
 * class loader, if that fails, it uses the parent class loader. In either case, it must be a URLClassLoader.
 *
 * @author Anil K. Vijendran
 * @author Harish Prabandham
 * @author Remy Maucherat
 * @author Kin-man Chung
 * @author Glenn Nielsen
 * @author Tim Fennell
 */
public class JspServletWrapper {

    private static final Map<String,Long> ALWAYS_OUTDATED_DEPENDENCIES = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        // If this is missing,
        ALWAYS_OUTDATED_DEPENDENCIES.put("/WEB-INF/web.xml", Long.valueOf(-1));
    }

    // Logger
    private final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JspServletWrapper.class); // must not be static

    private volatile Servlet theServlet;
    private final String jspUri;
    private volatile Class<?> tagHandlerClass;
    private final JspCompilationContext ctxt;
    private long available = 0L;
    private final ServletConfig config;
    private final Options options;
    /*
     * The servlet / tag file needs a compilation check on first access. Use a separate flag (rather than theServlet ==
     * null / tagHandlerClass == null) as it avoids the potentially expensive isOutDated() calls in ctxt.compile() if
     * there are multiple concurrent requests for the servlet / tag before the class has been loaded.
     */
    private volatile boolean mustCompile = true;
    /* Whether the servlet/tag file needs reloading on next access */
    private volatile boolean reload = true;
    private final boolean isTagFile;
    private int tripCount;
    private JasperException compileException;
    /* Timestamp of last time servlet resource was modified */
    private volatile long servletClassLastModifiedTime;
    private long lastModificationTest = 0L;
    private long lastUsageTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    private FastRemovalDequeue<JspServletWrapper>.Entry unloadHandle;
    private final boolean unloadAllowed;
    private final boolean unloadByCount;
    private final boolean unloadByIdle;

    /*
     * JspServletWrapper for JSP pages.
     */
    public JspServletWrapper(ServletConfig config, Options options, String jspUri, JspRuntimeContext rctxt) {

        this.isTagFile = false;
        this.config = config;
        this.options = options;
        this.jspUri = jspUri;
        unloadByCount = options.getMaxLoadedJsps() > 0;
        unloadByIdle = options.getJspIdleTimeout() > 0;
        unloadAllowed = unloadByCount || unloadByIdle;
        ctxt = new JspCompilationContext(jspUri, options, config.getServletContext(), this, rctxt);
    }

    /*
     * JspServletWrapper for tag files.
     */
    public JspServletWrapper(ServletContext servletContext, Options options, String tagFilePath, TagInfo tagInfo,
            JspRuntimeContext rctxt, Jar tagJar) {

        this.isTagFile = true;
        this.config = null; // not used
        this.options = options;
        this.jspUri = tagFilePath;
        this.tripCount = 0;
        unloadByCount = options.getMaxLoadedJsps() > 0;
        unloadByIdle = options.getJspIdleTimeout() > 0;
        unloadAllowed = unloadByCount || unloadByIdle;
        ctxt = new JspCompilationContext(jspUri, tagInfo, options, servletContext, this, rctxt, tagJar);
    }

    public JspCompilationContext getJspEngineContext() {
        return ctxt;
    }

    public void setReload(boolean reload) {
        this.reload = reload;
    }

    public boolean getReload() {
        return reload;
    }

    private boolean getReloadInternal() {
        return reload && !ctxt.getRuntimeContext().isCompileCheckInProgress();
    }

    public Servlet getServlet() throws ServletException {
        /*
         * DCL on 'reload' requires that 'reload' be volatile (this also forces a read memory barrier, ensuring the new
         * servlet object is read consistently).
         *
         * When running in non development mode with a checkInterval it is possible (see BZ 62603) for a race condition
         * to cause failures if a Servlet or tag is reloaded while a compile check is running
         */
        if (getReloadInternal() || theServlet == null) {
            synchronized (this) {
                // Synchronizing on jsw enables simultaneous loading
                // of different pages, but not the same page.
                if (getReloadInternal() || theServlet == null) {
                    // This is to maintain the original protocol.
                    destroy();

                    final Servlet servlet;

                    try {
                        InstanceManager instanceManager = InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(config);
                        servlet = (Servlet) instanceManager.newInstance(ctxt.getFQCN(), ctxt.getJspLoader());
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Throwable t = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e);
                        ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                        throw new JasperException(t);
                    }

                    servlet.init(config);

                    if (theServlet != null) {
                        ctxt.getRuntimeContext().incrementJspReloadCount();
                    }

                    theServlet = servlet;
                    reload = false;
                    // Volatile 'reload' forces in order write of 'theServlet' and new servlet object
                }
            }
        }
        return theServlet;
    }

    public ServletContext getServletContext() {
        return ctxt.getServletContext();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the compilation exception for this JspServletWrapper.
     *
     * @param je The compilation exception
     */
    public void setCompilationException(JasperException je) {
        this.compileException = je;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the last-modified time of the servlet class file associated with this JspServletWrapper.
     *
     * @param lastModified Last-modified time of servlet class
     */
    public void setServletClassLastModifiedTime(long lastModified) {
        // DCL requires servletClassLastModifiedTime be volatile
        // to force read and write barriers on access/set
        // (and to get atomic write of long)
        if (this.servletClassLastModifiedTime < lastModified) {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (this.servletClassLastModifiedTime < lastModified) {
                    this.servletClassLastModifiedTime = lastModified;
                    reload = true;
                    // Really need to unload the old class but can't do that. Do
                    // the next best thing which is throw away the JspLoader so
                    // a new loader will be created which will load the new
                    // class.
                    // TODO Are there inefficiencies between reload and the
                    // isOutDated() check?
                    ctxt.clearJspLoader();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Compile (if needed) and load a tag file.
     *
     * @return the loaded class
     *
     * @throws JasperException Error compiling or loading tag file
     */
    public Class<?> loadTagFile() throws JasperException {

        try {
            if (ctxt.isRemoved()) {
                throw new FileNotFoundException(jspUri);
            }
            if (options.getDevelopment() || mustCompile) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (options.getDevelopment() || mustCompile) {
                        ctxt.compile();
                        mustCompile = false;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (compileException != null) {
                    throw compileException;
                }
            }

            if (getReloadInternal() || tagHandlerClass == null) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (getReloadInternal() || tagHandlerClass == null) {
                        tagHandlerClass = ctxt.load();
                        // Volatile 'reload' forces in order write of 'tagHandlerClass'
                        reload = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new JasperException(ex);
        }

        return tagHandlerClass;
    }

    /**
     * Compile and load a prototype for the Tag file. This is needed when compiling tag files with circular
     * dependencies. A prototype (skeleton) with no dependencies on other tag files is generated and compiled.
     *
     * @return the loaded class
     *
     * @throws JasperException Error compiling or loading tag file
     */
    public Class<?> loadTagFilePrototype() throws JasperException {

        ctxt.setPrototypeMode(true);
        try {
            return loadTagFile();
        } finally {
            ctxt.setPrototypeMode(false);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get a list of files that the current page has source dependency on.
     *
     * @return the map of dependent resources
     */
    public Map<String,Long> getDependants() {
        try {
            Object target;
            if (isTagFile) {
                if (reload) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        if (reload) {
                            tagHandlerClass = ctxt.load();
                            reload = false;
                        }
                    }
                }
                target = tagHandlerClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
            } else {
                target = getServlet();
            }
            if (target instanceof JspSourceDependent) {
                return ((JspSourceDependent) target).getDependants();
            }
        } catch (AbstractMethodError ame) {
            // Almost certainly a pre Tomcat 7.0.17 compiled JSP using the old
            // version of the interface. Force a re-compile.
            return ALWAYS_OUTDATED_DEPENDENCIES;
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(ex);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public boolean isTagFile() {
        return this.isTagFile;
    }

    public int incTripCount() {
        return tripCount++;
    }

    public int decTripCount() {
        return tripCount--;
    }

    public String getJspUri() {
        return jspUri;
    }

    public FastRemovalDequeue<JspServletWrapper>.Entry getUnloadHandle() {
        return unloadHandle;
    }

    public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, boolean precompile)
            throws ServletException, IOException, FileNotFoundException {

        Servlet servlet;

        try {

            if (ctxt.isRemoved()) {
                throw new FileNotFoundException(jspUri);
            }

            if ((available > 0L) && (available < Long.MAX_VALUE)) {
                if (available > System.currentTimeMillis()) {
                    response.setDateHeader("Retry-After", available);
                    response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
                            Localizer.getMessage("jsp.error.unavailable"));
                    return;
                }

                // Wait period has expired. Reset.
                available = 0;
            }

            /*
             * (1) Compile
             */
            if (options.getDevelopment() || mustCompile) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (options.getDevelopment() || mustCompile) {
                        // The following sets reload to true, if necessary
                        ctxt.compile();
                        mustCompile = false;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (compileException != null) {
                    // Throw cached compilation exception
                    throw compileException;
                }
            }

            /*
             * (2) (Re)load servlet class file
             */
            servlet = getServlet();

            // If a page is to be precompiled only, return.
            if (precompile) {
                return;
            }

        } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
            // File has been removed. Let caller handle this.
            throw fnfe;
        } catch (ServletException | IOException | IllegalStateException ex) {
            if (options.getDevelopment()) {
                throw handleJspException(ex);
            }
            throw ex;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (options.getDevelopment()) {
                throw handleJspException(e);
            }
            throw new JasperException(e);
        }

        try {
            /*
             * (3) Handle limitation of number of loaded Jsps
             */
            if (unloadAllowed) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (unloadByCount) {
                        if (unloadHandle == null) {
                            unloadHandle = ctxt.getRuntimeContext().push(this);
                        } else if (lastUsageTime < ctxt.getRuntimeContext().getLastJspQueueUpdate()) {
                            ctxt.getRuntimeContext().makeYoungest(unloadHandle);
                            lastUsageTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (lastUsageTime < ctxt.getRuntimeContext().getLastJspQueueUpdate()) {
                            lastUsageTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            /*
             * (4) Service request
             */
            servlet.service(request, response);
        } catch (UnavailableException ex) {
            String includeRequestUri = (String) request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.INCLUDE_REQUEST_URI);
            if (includeRequestUri != null) {
                // This file was included. Throw an exception as
                // a response.sendError() will be ignored by the
                // servlet engine.
                throw ex;
            }

            int unavailableSeconds = ex.getUnavailableSeconds();
            if (unavailableSeconds <= 0) {
                unavailableSeconds = 60; // Arbitrary default
            }
            available = System.currentTimeMillis() + (unavailableSeconds * 1000L);
            response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE, ex.getMessage());
        } catch (ServletException | IllegalStateException ex) {
            if (options.getDevelopment()) {
                throw handleJspException(ex);
            }
            throw ex;
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            if (options.getDevelopment()) {
                throw new IOException(handleJspException(ioe).getMessage(), ioe);
            }
            throw ioe;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (options.getDevelopment()) {
                throw handleJspException(e);
            }
            throw new JasperException(e);
        }
    }

    public void destroy() {
        if (theServlet != null) {
            try {
                theServlet.destroy();
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                log.error(Localizer.getMessage("jsp.error.servlet.destroy.failed"), t);
            }
            InstanceManager instanceManager = InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(config);
            try {
                instanceManager.destroyInstance(theServlet);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Throwable t = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e);
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                // Log any exception, since it can't be passed along
                log.error(Localizer.getMessage("jsp.error.file.not.found", e.getMessage()), t);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return Returns the lastModificationTest.
     */
    public long getLastModificationTest() {
        return lastModificationTest;
    }

    /**
     * @param lastModificationTest The lastModificationTest to set.
     */
    public void setLastModificationTest(long lastModificationTest) {
        this.lastModificationTest = lastModificationTest;
    }

    /**
     * @return the lastUsageTime.
     */
    public long getLastUsageTime() {
        return lastUsageTime;
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Attempts to construct a JasperException that contains helpful information about what went wrong. Uses the JSP
     * compiler system to translate the line number in the generated servlet that originated the exception to a line
     * number in the JSP. Then constructs an exception containing that information, and a snippet of the JSP to help
     * debugging. Please see <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=37062">BZ 37062</a> for more
     * details.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param ex the exception that was the cause of the problem.
     *
     * @return a JasperException with more detailed information
     */
    protected JasperException handleJspException(Exception ex) {
        try {
            Throwable realException = ex;
            if (ex instanceof ServletException) {
                realException = ((ServletException) ex).getRootCause();
            }

            // Find the first stack frame that represents code generated by
            // Jasper
            StackTraceElement[] frames = realException.getStackTrace();
            StackTraceElement jspFrame = null;

            String servletPackageName = ctxt.getBasePackageName();
            for (StackTraceElement frame : frames) {
                if (frame.getClassName().startsWith(servletPackageName)) {
                    jspFrame = frame;
                    break;
                }
            }

            SmapStratum smap = null;

            if (jspFrame != null) {
                smap = ctxt.getCompiler().getSmap(jspFrame.getClassName());
            }

            if (smap == null) {
                // If we couldn't find a frame in the stack trace corresponding
                // to the generated servlet class, or we don't have a copy of the
                // smap to hand, we can't really add anything
                return new JasperException(ex);
            }

            @SuppressWarnings("null")
            int javaLineNumber = jspFrame.getLineNumber();
            SmapInput source = smap.getInputLineNumber(javaLineNumber);

            // If the line number is less than one we couldn't find out
            // where in the JSP things went wrong
            if (source.lineNumber() < 1) {
                throw new JasperException(ex);
            }

            JavacErrorDetail detail = new JavacErrorDetail(jspFrame.getMethodName(), javaLineNumber, source.fileName(),
                    source.lineNumber(), null, ctxt);

            if (options.getDisplaySourceFragment()) {
                return new JasperException(
                        Localizer.getMessage("jsp.exception", detail.getJspFileName(), "" + source.lineNumber()) +
                                System.lineSeparator() + System.lineSeparator() + detail.getJspExtract() +
                                System.lineSeparator() + System.lineSeparator() + "Stacktrace:",
                        ex);

            }

            return new JasperException(
                    Localizer.getMessage("jsp.exception", detail.getJspFileName(), "" + source.lineNumber()), ex);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // If anything goes wrong, just revert to the original behaviour
            if (ex instanceof JasperException) {
                return (JasperException) ex;
            }
            return new JasperException(ex);
        }
    }
}