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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE document [
<!ENTITY project SYSTEM "project.xml">
]>
<document url="windows-service-howto.html">
&project;
<properties>
<author email="mturk@apache.org">Mladen Turk</author>
<title>Windows Service How-To</title>
</properties>
<body>
<section name="Table of Contents">
<toc/>
</section>
<section name="Tomcat monitor application">
<p><b>Tomcat<version-major/>w</b> is a GUI application for monitoring and
configuring Tomcat services.</p>
<subsection name="Command line directives">
<p>Each command line directive is in the form of
<code>//XX[//ServiceName]</code></p>
<p>If the <code>//ServiceName</code> component is omitted, then the service
name is assumed to be the name of the file less the w suffix. So the default
service name is <code>Tomcat<version-major/></code>.</p>
<p>The available command line directives are:</p>
<table class="defaultTable">
<tr>
<td><b>//ES</b></td>
<td>Edit service configuration</td>
<td>This is the default operation. It is called if the no option is
provided. Starts the GUI application which allows the service
configuration to be modified, started and stopped.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//MS</b></td>
<td>Monitor service</td>
<td>Starts the GUI application and minimizes it to the system tray.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//MR</b></td>
<td>Monitor & run service</td>
<td>Starts the GUI application and minimizes it to the system tray. Start
the service if it is not currently running.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//MQ</b></td>
<td>Monitor quit</td>
<td>Stop any running monitor for the service.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</subsection>
</section>
<section name="Tomcat service application">
<p><b>Tomcat<version-major/></b> is a service application for running Tomcat
<version-major/> as a Windows service.</p>
<subsection name="Command line directives">
<p>Each command line directive is in the form of
<code>//XX[//ServiceName]</code></p>
<p>The available command line directives are:</p>
<table class="defaultTable">
<tr>
<td><b>//TS</b></td>
<td>Run the service as console application</td>
<td>This is the default operation. It is called if the no option is
provided. The ServiceName is the name of the executable without
exe suffix, meaning Tomcat<version-major/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//RS</b></td>
<td>Run the service</td>
<td>Called only from ServiceManager</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//ES</b></td>
<td>Start (execute) the service</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//SS</b></td>
<td>Stop the service</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//US</b></td>
<td>Update service parameters</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//IS</b></td>
<td>Install service</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//DS</b></td>
<td>Delete service</td>
<td>Stops the service if running</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//PS</b></td>
<td>Print service</td>
<td>Prints the command to (re-)create the current configuration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//PP[//seconds]</b></td>
<td>Pause service</td>
<td>Default is 60 seconds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//VS</b></td>
<td>Version</td>
<td>Print version and exit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>//?</b></td>
<td>Help</td>
<td>Print usage and exit</td>
</tr>
</table>
</subsection>
<subsection name="Command line parameters">
<p>Each command line parameter is prefixed with <code>--</code>. If the
command line parameter is prefixed with <code>++</code>, and the parameter
supports multiple values, then it's value will be appended to the existing
option. In the table below, parameters that support multiple values are
prefixed with <code>++</code>.</p>
<p>If the environment variable with the same name as command line parameter
but prefixed with <code>PR_</code> exists it will take precedence. For
example:</p>
<source>set PR_CLASSPATH=xx.jar</source>
<p>is equivalent to providing</p>
<source>--Classpath=xx.jar</source>
<p> as command line parameter.</p>
<table class="defaultTable">
<tr>
<th>ParameterName</th>
<th>Default</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--Description</td>
<td></td>
<td>Service name description (maximum 1024 characters)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--DisplayName</td>
<td>ServiceName</td>
<td>Service display name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--Install</td>
<td>procrun.exe //RS//ServiceName</td>
<td>Install image</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--Startup</td>
<td>manual</td>
<td>Service startup mode can be either <b>auto</b> or <b>manual</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>++DependsOn</td>
<td></td>
<td>List of services that this service depend on. Dependent services are
separated using either <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>++Environment</td>
<td></td>
<td>List of environment variables that will be provided to the service
in the form <b>key=value</b>. They are separated using either
<b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters. If you need to use either the
<b>#</b> or <b>;</b> character within a value then the entire value
must be enclosed inside single quotes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--User</td>
<td></td>
<td>User account used for running executable. It is used only for
StartMode <b>java</b> or <b>exe</b> and enables running applications
as service under account without LogonAsService privilege.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--Password</td>
<td></td>
<td>Password for user account set by --User parameter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--ServiceUser</td>
<td></td>
<td>Specifies the name of the account under which the service should
run. Use an account name in the form
<code>DomainName\UserName</code>. The service process will be logged
on as this user. if the account belongs to the built-in domain, you
can specify <code>.\UserName</code>. Note that the Service Control
Manager does not accept localised forms of the standard names so to
use them you need to specify <code>NT Authority\LocalService</code>,
<code>NT Authority\NetworkService</code> or <code>LocalSystem</code>
as appropriate.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--ServicePassword</td>
<td></td>
<td>Password for user account set by --ServiceUser parameter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--LibraryPath</td>
<td></td>
<td>Directory added to the search path used to locate the DLLs for the
JVM. This directory is added both in front of the <code>PATH</code>
environment variable and as a parameter to the
<code>SetDLLDirectory</code> function.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--JavaHome</td>
<td>JAVA_HOME</td>
<td>Set a different JAVA_HOME than defined by JAVA_HOME environment
variable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--Jvm</td>
<td>auto</td>
<td>Use either <b>auto</b> (i.e. find the JVM from the Windows registry)
or specify the full path to the <b>jvm.dll</b>.
You can use the environment variable expansion here.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>++JvmOptions</td>
<td>-Xrs</td>
<td>List of options in the form of <b>-D</b> or <b>-X</b> that will be
passed to the JVM. The options are separated using either
<b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters. If you need to embed either <b>#</b> or
<b>;</b> characters, put them inside single quotes. (Not used in
<b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>++JvmOptions9</td>
<td></td>
<td>List of options in the form of <b>-D</b> or <b>-X</b> that will be
passed to the JVM when running on Java 9 or later. The options are
separated using either <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters. If you need
to embed either <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters, put them inside
single quotes. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--Classpath</td>
<td></td>
<td>Set the Java classpath. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--JvmMs</td>
<td></td>
<td>Initial memory pool size in MiB. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--JvmMx</td>
<td></td>
<td>Maximum memory pool size in MiB. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--JvmSs</td>
<td></td>
<td>Thread stack size in KiB. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StartMode</td>
<td></td>
<td>One of <b>jvm</b>, <b>Java</b> or <b>exe</b>. The modes are:
<ul>
<li>jvm - start Java in-process. Depends on jvm.dll, see
<b>--Jvm</b>.</li>
<li>Java - same as exe, but automatically uses the default Java
executable, i.e. %JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe. Make sure JAVA_HOME
is set correctly, or use --JavaHome to provide the correct
location. If neither is set, procrun will try to find the
default JDK (not JRE) from the Windows registry.</li>
<li>exe - run the image as a separate process</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StartImage</td>
<td></td>
<td>Executable that will be run. Only applies to <b>exe</b> mode.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StartPath</td>
<td></td>
<td>Working path for the start image executable.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StartClass</td>
<td>Main</td>
<td>Class that contains the startup method. Applies to the <b>jvm</b> and
<b>Java</b> modes. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StartMethod</td>
<td>main</td>
<td>Method name if differs then main</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>++StartParams</td>
<td></td>
<td>List of parameters that will be passed to either StartImage or
StartClass. Parameters are separated using either <b>#</b> or
<b>;</b> character.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StopMode</td>
<td></td>
<td>One of <b>jvm</b>, <b>Java</b> or <b>exe</b>. See <b>--StartMode</b>
for further details. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StopImage</td>
<td></td>
<td>Executable that will be run on Stop service signal. Only applies to
<b>exe</b> mode.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StopPath</td>
<td></td>
<td>Working path for the stop image executable. Does not apply to
<b>jvm</b> mode.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StopClass</td>
<td>Main</td>
<td>Class that will be used on Stop service signal. Applies to the
<b>jvm</b> and <b>Java</b> modes. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StopMethod</td>
<td>main</td>
<td>Method name if differs then main</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StopParams</td>
<td></td>
<td>List of parameters that will be passed to either StopImage or
StopClass. Parameters are separated using either <b>#</b> or
<b>;</b> character.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>++StopTimeout</td>
<td>No Timeout</td>
<td>Defines the timeout in seconds that procrun waits for service to
exit gracefully.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--LogPath</td>
<td>%SystemRoot%\System32\LogFiles\Apache</td>
<td>Defines the path for logging. Creates the directory if
necessary.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--LogPrefix</td>
<td>commons-daemon</td>
<td>Defines the service log filename prefix. The log file is created in
the LogPath directory with <code>.YEAR-MONTH-DAY.log</code>
suffix</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--LogLevel</td>
<td>Info</td>
<td>Defines the logging level and can be either <b>Error</b>,
<b>Info</b>, <b>Warn</b> or <b>Debug</b>. (Case insensitive).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--LogJniMessages</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Set this non-zero (e.g. 1) to capture JVM jni debug messages in the
procrun log file. Is not needed if stdout/stderr redirection is
being used. Only applies to jvm mode.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StdOutput</td>
<td></td>
<td>Redirected stdout filename.
If named <b>auto</b> then file is created inside <b>LogPath</b> with
the name <b>service-stdout.YEAR-MONTH-DAY.log</b>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--StdError</td>
<td></td>
<td>Redirected stderr filename.
If named <b>auto</b> then file is created inside <b>LogPath</b> with
the name <b>service-stderr.YEAR-MONTH-DAY.log</b>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>--PidFile</td>
<td></td>
<td>Defines the file name for storing the running process id. Actual
file is created in the <b>LogPath</b> directory</td>
</tr>
</table>
</subsection>
</section>
<section name="Installing services">
<p>
The safest way to manually install the service is to use the provided
<b>service.bat</b> script. Administrator privileges are required to run this
script. If necessary, you can use the <code>/user</code> switch to specify
a user to use for the installation of the service.
</p>
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> If User Account Control (UAC) is enabled you will be
asked for additional privileges when 'Tomcat<version-major/>.exe' is launched by
the script.<br/>
If you want to pass additional options to service installer as
<code>PR_*</code> environment variables, you have to either configure them
globally in OS, or launch the program that sets them with elevated privileges
(e.g. right-click on cmd.exe and select "Run as administrator"; on Windows 8
(or later) or Windows Server 2012 (or later), you can open an elevated command
prompt for the current directory from the Explorer
by clicking on the "File" menu bar). See issue <bug>56143</bug> for details.
</p>
<source>Install the service named 'Tomcat<version-major/>'
C:\> service.bat install</source>
<p>There is a 2nd optional parameter that lets you specify the name of the
service, as displayed in Windows services.</p>
<source>Install the service named 'MyService'
C:\> service.bat install MyService</source>
<p>When installing the service with a non-default name,
tomcat<version-major/>.exe and tomcat<version-major/>w.exe may be renamed to
match the chosen service name. To do this, use the <code>--rename</code>
option.</p>
<source>Install the service named 'MyService' with renaming
C:\> service.bat install MyService --rename</source>
<p>
If using tomcat<version-major/>.exe, you need to use the <b>//IS</b> parameter.</p>
<source>Install the service named 'Tomcat<version-major/>'
C:\> tomcat<version-major/> //IS//Tomcat<version-major/> --DisplayName="Apache Tomcat <version-major/>" ^
--Install="C:\Program Files\Tomcat\bin\tomcat<version-major/>.exe" --Jvm=auto ^
--StartMode=jvm --StopMode=jvm ^
--StartClass=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap --StartParams=start ^
--StopClass=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap --StopParams=stop</source>
</section>
<section name="Updating services">
<p>
To update the service parameters, you need to use the <b>//US</b> parameter.
</p>
<source>Update the service named 'Tomcat<version-major/>'
C:\> tomcat<version-major/> //US//Tomcat<version-major/> --Description="Apache Tomcat Server - https://tomcat.apache.org/ " ^
--Startup=auto --Classpath=%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar</source>
<p>If you gave the service an optional name, you need to specify it like this:
</p>
<source>Update the service named 'MyService'
C:\> tomcat<version-major/> //US//MyService --Description="Apache Tomcat Server - https://tomcat.apache.org/ " ^
--Startup=auto --Classpath=%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar</source>
</section>
<section name="Removing services">
<p>
To remove the service, you need to use the <b>//DS</b> parameter.<br/>
If the service is running it will be stopped and then deleted.</p>
<source>Remove the service named 'Tomcat<version-major/>'
C:\> tomcat<version-major/> //DS//Tomcat<version-major/></source>
<p>If you gave the service an optional name, you need to specify it like this:
</p>
<source>Remove the service named 'MyService'
C:\> tomcat<version-major/> //DS//MyService</source>
</section>
<section name="Debugging services">
<p>
To run the service in console mode, you need to use the <b>//TS</b> parameter.
The service shutdown can be initiated by pressing <b>CTRL+C</b> or
<b>CTRL+BREAK</b>.
If you rename the tomcat<version-major/>.exe to testservice.exe then you can just execute the
testservice.exe and this command mode will be executed by default.</p>
<source>Run the service named 'Tomcat<version-major/>' in console mode
C:\> tomcat<version-major/> //TS//Tomcat<version-major/> [additional arguments]
Or simply execute:
C:\> tomcat<version-major/></source>
</section>
<section name="Multiple Instances">
<p>
Tomcat supports installation of multiple instances. You can have a single
installation of Tomcat with multiple instances running on different IP/port
combinations, or multiple Tomcat versions, each running one or more instances on
different IP/ports.</p>
<p>
Each instance folder will need the following structure:
</p>
<ul>
<li>conf</li>
<li>logs</li>
<li>temp</li>
<li>webapps</li>
<li>work</li>
</ul>
<p>
At a minimum, conf should contain a copy of the following files from
CATALINA_HOME\conf\. Any files not copied and edited, will be picked up by
default from CATALINA_HOME\conf, i.e. CATALINA_BASE\conf files override defaults
from CATALINA_HOME\conf.</p>
<ul>
<li>server.xml</li>
<li>web.xml</li>
</ul>
<p>
You must edit CATALINA_BASE\conf\server.xml to specify a unique IP/port for the
instance to listen on. Find the line that contains
<code><Connector port="8080" ...</code> and add an address attribute and/or
update the port number so as to specify a unique IP/port combination.</p>
<p>
To install an instance, first set the CATALINA_HOME environment variable to the
name of the Tomcat installation directory. Then create a second environment
variable CATALINA_BASE and point this to the instance folder. Then run
"service.bat install" command specifying a service name.</p>
<source>set CATALINA_HOME=c:\tomcat_<version-major/>
set CATALINA_BASE=c:\tomcat_<version-major/>\instances\instance1
service.bat install instance1</source>
<p>
To modify the service settings, you can run <b>tomcat<version-major/>w //ES//instance1</b>.
</p>
<p>
For additional instances, create additional instance folder, update the
CATALINA_BASE environment variable, and run the "service.bat install" again.</p>
<source>set CATALINA_BASE=c:\tomcat_<version-major/>\instances\instance2
service.bat install instance2</source>
</section>
</body>
</document>
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