/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */


package org.apache.catalina;


import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;

import org.apache.catalina.connector.Request;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Response;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;


/**
 * A <b>Container</b> is an object that can execute requests received from
 * a client, and return responses based on those requests.  A Container may
 * optionally support a pipeline of Valves that process the request in an
 * order configured at runtime, by implementing the <b>Pipeline</b> interface
 * as well.
 * <p>
 * Containers will exist at several conceptual levels within Catalina.  The
 * following examples represent common cases:
 * <ul>
 * <li><b>Engine</b> - Representation of the entire Catalina servlet engine,
 *     most likely containing one or more subcontainers that are either Host
 *     or Context implementations, or other custom groups.
 * <li><b>Host</b> - Representation of a virtual host containing a number
 *     of Contexts.
 * <li><b>Context</b> - Representation of a single ServletContext, which will
 *     typically contain one or more Wrappers for the supported servlets.
 * <li><b>Wrapper</b> - Representation of an individual servlet definition
 *     (which may support multiple servlet instances if the servlet itself
 *     implements SingleThreadModel).
 * </ul>
 * A given deployment of Catalina need not include Containers at all of the
 * levels described above.  For example, an administration application
 * embedded within a network device (such as a router) might only contain
 * a single Context and a few Wrappers, or even a single Wrapper if the
 * application is relatively small.  Therefore, Container implementations
 * need to be designed so that they will operate correctly in the absence
 * of parent Containers in a given deployment.
 * <p>
 * A Container may also be associated with a number of support components
 * that provide functionality which might be shared (by attaching it to a
 * parent Container) or individually customized.  The following support
 * components are currently recognized:
 * <ul>
 * <li><b>Loader</b> - Class loader to use for integrating new Java classes
 *     for this Container into the JVM in which Catalina is running.
 * <li><b>Logger</b> - Implementation of the <code>log()</code> method
 *     signatures of the <code>ServletContext</code> interface.
 * <li><b>Manager</b> - Manager for the pool of Sessions associated with
 *     this Container.
 * <li><b>Realm</b> - Read-only interface to a security domain, for
 *     authenticating user identities and their corresponding roles.
 * <li><b>Resources</b> - JNDI directory context enabling access to static
 *     resources, enabling custom linkages to existing server components when
 *     Catalina is embedded in a larger server.
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 * @author Remy Maucherat
 *
 */

public interface Container {


    // ----------------------------------------------------- Manifest Constants


    /**
     * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a child container is added
     * by <code>addChild()</code>.
     */
    public static final String ADD_CHILD_EVENT = "addChild";


    /**
     * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a Mapper is added
     * by <code>addMapper()</code>.
     */
    public static final String ADD_MAPPER_EVENT = "addMapper";


    /**
     * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a valve is added
     * by <code>addValve()</code>, if this Container supports pipelines.
     */
    public static final String ADD_VALVE_EVENT = "addValve";


    /**
     * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a child container is removed
     * by <code>removeChild()</code>.
     */
    public static final String REMOVE_CHILD_EVENT = "removeChild";


    /**
     * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a Mapper is removed
     * by <code>removeMapper()</code>.
     */
    public static final String REMOVE_MAPPER_EVENT = "removeMapper";


    /**
     * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a valve is removed
     * by <code>removeValve()</code>, if this Container supports pipelines.
     */
    public static final String REMOVE_VALVE_EVENT = "removeValve";


    // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties


    /**
     * Return descriptive information about this Container implementation and
     * the corresponding version number, in the format
     * <code>&lt;description&gt;/&lt;version&gt;</code>.
     */
    public String getInfo();


    /**
     * Return the Loader with which this Container is associated.  If there is
     * no associated Loader, return the Loader associated with our parent
     * Container (if any); otherwise, return <code>null</code>.
     */
    public Loader getLoader();


    /**
     * Set the Loader with which this Container is associated.
     *
     * @param loader The newly associated loader
     */
    public void setLoader(Loader loader);


    /**
     * Return the Logger with which this Container is associated.  If there is
     * no associated Logger, return the Logger associated with our parent
     * Container (if any); otherwise return <code>null</code>.
     */
    public Log getLogger();


    /**
     * Return the Manager with which this Container is associated.  If there is
     * no associated Manager, return the Manager associated with our parent
     * Container (if any); otherwise return <code>null</code>.
     */
    public Manager getManager();


    /**
     * Set the Manager with which this Container is associated.
     *
     * @param manager The newly associated Manager
     */
    public void setManager(Manager manager);


    /**
     * Return an object which may be utilized for mapping to this component.
     */
    public Object getMappingObject();

    
    /**
     * Return the JMX name associated with this container.
     */
    public String getObjectName();    

    /**
     * Return the Pipeline object that manages the Valves associated with
     * this Container.
     */
    public Pipeline getPipeline();


    /**
     * Return the Cluster with which this Container is associated.  If there is
     * no associated Cluster, return the Cluster associated with our parent
     * Container (if any); otherwise return <code>null</code>.
     */
    public Cluster getCluster();


    /**
     * Set the Cluster with which this Container is associated.
     *
     * @param cluster the Cluster with which this Container is associated.
     */
    public void setCluster(Cluster cluster);


    /**
     * Get the delay between the invocation of the backgroundProcess method on
     * this container and its children. Child containers will not be invoked
     * if their delay value is not negative (which would mean they are using 
     * their own thread). Setting this to a positive value will cause 
     * a thread to be spawn. After waiting the specified amount of time, 
     * the thread will invoke the executePeriodic method on this container 
     * and all its children.
     */
    public int getBackgroundProcessorDelay();


    /**
     * Set the delay between the invocation of the execute method on this
     * container and its children.
     * 
     * @param delay The delay in seconds between the invocation of 
     *              backgroundProcess methods
     */
    public void setBackgroundProcessorDelay(int delay);


    /**
     * Return a name string (suitable for use by humans) that describes this
     * Container.  Within the set of child containers belonging to a particular
     * parent, Container names must be unique.
     */
    public String getName();


    /**
     * Set a name string (suitable for use by humans) that describes this
     * Container.  Within the set of child containers belonging to a particular
     * parent, Container names must be unique.
     *
     * @param name New name of this container
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException if this Container has already been
     *  added to the children of a parent Container (after which the name
     *  may not be changed)
     */
    public void setName(String name);


    /**
     * Return the Container for which this Container is a child, if there is
     * one.  If there is no defined parent, return <code>null</code>.
     */
    public Container getParent();


    /**
     * Set the parent Container to which this Container is being added as a
     * child.  This Container may refuse to become attached to the specified
     * Container by throwing an exception.
     *
     * @param container Container to which this Container is being added
     *  as a child
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this Container refuses to become
     *  attached to the specified Container
     */
    public void setParent(Container container);


    /**
     * Return the parent class loader (if any) for web applications.
     */
    public ClassLoader getParentClassLoader();


    /**
     * Set the parent class loader (if any) for web applications.
     * This call is meaningful only <strong>before</strong> a Loader has
     * been configured, and the specified value (if non-null) should be
     * passed as an argument to the class loader constructor.
     *
     * @param parent The new parent class loader
     */
    public void setParentClassLoader(ClassLoader parent);


    /**
     * Return the Realm with which this Container is associated.  If there is
     * no associated Realm, return the Realm associated with our parent
     * Container (if any); otherwise return <code>null</code>.
     */
    public Realm getRealm();


    /**
     * Set the Realm with which this Container is associated.
     *
     * @param realm The newly associated Realm
     */
    public void setRealm(Realm realm);


    /**
     * Return the Resources with which this Container is associated.  If there
     * is no associated Resources object, return the Resources associated with
     * our parent Container (if any); otherwise return <code>null</code>.
     */
    public DirContext getResources();


    /**
     * Set the Resources object with which this Container is associated.
     *
     * @param resources The newly associated Resources
     */
    public void setResources(DirContext resources);


    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods


    /**
     * Execute a periodic task, such as reloading, etc. This method will be
     * invoked inside the classloading context of this container. Unexpected
     * throwables will be caught and logged.
     */
    public void backgroundProcess();


    /**
     * Add a new child Container to those associated with this Container,
     * if supported.  Prior to adding this Container to the set of children,
     * the child's <code>setParent()</code> method must be called, with this
     * Container as an argument.  This method may thrown an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> if this Container chooses not
     * to be attached to the specified Container, in which case it is not added
     *
     * @param child New child Container to be added
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this exception is thrown by
     *  the <code>setParent()</code> method of the child Container
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the new child does not have
     *  a name unique from that of existing children of this Container
     * @exception IllegalStateException if this Container does not support
     *  child Containers
     */
    public void addChild(Container child);


    /**
     * Add a container event listener to this component.
     *
     * @param listener The listener to add
     */
    public void addContainerListener(ContainerListener listener);


    /**
     * Add a property change listener to this component.
     *
     * @param listener The listener to add
     */
    public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);


    /**
     * Return the child Container, associated with this Container, with
     * the specified name (if any); otherwise, return <code>null</code>
     *
     * @param name Name of the child Container to be retrieved
     */
    public Container findChild(String name);


    /**
     * Return the set of children Containers associated with this Container.
     * If this Container has no children, a zero-length array is returned.
     */
    public Container[] findChildren();


    /**
     * Return the set of container listeners associated with this Container.
     * If this Container has no registered container listeners, a zero-length
     * array is returned.
     */
    public ContainerListener[] findContainerListeners();


    /**
     * Process the specified Request, and generate the corresponding Response,
     * according to the design of this particular Container.
     *
     * @param request Request to be processed
     * @param response Response to be produced
     *
     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurred while
     *  processing
     * @exception ServletException if a ServletException was thrown
     *  while processing this request
     */
    public void invoke(Request request, Response response)
        throws IOException, ServletException;


    /**
     * Remove an existing child Container from association with this parent
     * Container.
     *
     * @param child Existing child Container to be removed
     */
    public void removeChild(Container child);


    /**
     * Remove a container event listener from this component.
     *
     * @param listener The listener to remove
     */
    public void removeContainerListener(ContainerListener listener);


    /**
     * Remove a property change listener from this component.
     *
     * @param listener The listener to remove
     */
    public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);


    
    
    /**
     * Log a request/response that was destined for this container but has been
     * handled earlier in the processing chain so that the request/response
     * still appears in the correct access logs.
     * @param request       Request (associated with the response) to log
     * @param response      Response (associated with the request) to log
     * @param time          Time taken to process the request/response in
     *                      milliseconds (use 0 if not known) 
     * @param   useDefault  Flag that indicates that the request/response should
     *                      be logged in the engine's default access log
     */
    public void logAccess(Request request, Response response, long time,
            boolean useDefault);
    
    
    /**
     * Identify the AccessLog to use to log a request/response that was destined
     * for this container but was handled earlier in the processing chain so
     * that the request/response still appears in the correct access logs.
     */
    public AccessLog getAccessLog();
}