/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.tomcat.util.http;

import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;

import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.ByteChunk;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.MessageBytes;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.log.UserDataHelper;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;

/**
 * A collection of cookies - reusable and tuned for server side performance.
 * Based on RFC2965 ( and 2109 )
 *
 * This class is not synchronized.
 *
 * @author Costin Manolache
 * @author kevin seguin
 */
public final class Cookies {

    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Cookies.class);

    private static final UserDataHelper userDataLog = new UserDataHelper(log);

    protected static final StringManager sm =
            StringManager.getManager("org.apache.tomcat.util.http");

    // expected average number of cookies per request
    public static final int INITIAL_SIZE=4;
    ServerCookie scookies[]=new ServerCookie[INITIAL_SIZE];
    int cookieCount=0;
    boolean unprocessed=true;

    MimeHeaders headers;

    /**
     *  Construct a new cookie collection, that will extract
     *  the information from headers.
     *
     * @param headers Cookies are lazy-evaluated and will extract the
     *     information from the provided headers.
     */
    public Cookies(MimeHeaders headers) {
        this.headers=headers;
    }

    /**
     * Recycle.
     */
    public void recycle() {
            for( int i=0; i< cookieCount; i++ ) {
            if( scookies[i]!=null ) {
                scookies[i].recycle();
            }
        }
        cookieCount=0;
        unprocessed=true;
    }

    /**
     * EXPENSIVE!!!  only for debugging.
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
        pw.println("=== Cookies ===");
        int count = getCookieCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            pw.println(getCookie(i).toString());
        }
        return sw.toString();
    }

    // -------------------- Indexed access --------------------

    public ServerCookie getCookie( int idx ) {
        if( unprocessed ) {
            getCookieCount(); // will also update the cookies
        }
        return scookies[idx];
    }

    public int getCookieCount() {
        if( unprocessed ) {
            unprocessed=false;
            processCookies(headers);
        }
        return cookieCount;
    }

    // -------------------- Adding cookies --------------------

    /** Register a new, initialized cookie. Cookies are recycled, and
     *  most of the time an existing ServerCookie object is returned.
     *  The caller can set the name/value and attributes for the cookie
     */
    private ServerCookie addCookie() {
        if( cookieCount >= scookies.length  ) {
            ServerCookie scookiesTmp[]=new ServerCookie[2*cookieCount];
            System.arraycopy( scookies, 0, scookiesTmp, 0, cookieCount);
            scookies=scookiesTmp;
        }

        ServerCookie c = scookies[cookieCount];
        if( c==null ) {
            c= new ServerCookie();
            scookies[cookieCount]=c;
        }
        cookieCount++;
        return c;
    }


    // code from CookieTools

    /** Add all Cookie found in the headers of a request.
     */
    public  void processCookies( MimeHeaders headers ) {
        if( headers==null ) {
            return;// nothing to process
        }
        // process each "cookie" header
        int pos=0;
        while( pos>=0 ) {
            // Cookie2: version ? not needed
            pos=headers.findHeader( "Cookie", pos );
            // no more cookie headers headers
            if( pos<0 ) {
                break;
            }

            MessageBytes cookieValue=headers.getValue( pos );
            if( cookieValue==null || cookieValue.isNull() ) {
                pos++;
                continue;
            }

            if( cookieValue.getType() != MessageBytes.T_BYTES ) {
                Exception e = new Exception();
                log.warn("Cookies: Parsing cookie as String. Expected bytes.",
                        e);
                cookieValue.toBytes();
            }
            if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug("Cookies: Parsing b[]: " + cookieValue.toString());
            }
            ByteChunk bc=cookieValue.getByteChunk();
            processCookieHeader( bc.getBytes(),
                                 bc.getOffset(),
                                 bc.getLength());
            pos++;// search from the next position
        }
    }

    // XXX will be refactored soon!
    private static boolean equals( String s, byte b[], int start, int end) {
        int blen = end-start;
        if (b == null || blen != s.length()) {
            return false;
        }
        int boff = start;
        for (int i = 0; i < blen; i++) {
            if (b[boff++] != s.charAt(i)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }


    /**
     * Returns true if the byte is a whitespace character as
     * defined in RFC2619
     * JVK
     */
    private static final boolean isWhiteSpace(final byte c) {
        // This switch statement is slightly slower
        // for my vm than the if statement.
        // Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-164)
        /*
        switch (c) {
        case ' ':;
        case '\t':;
        case '\n':;
        case '\r':;
        case '\f':;
            return true;
        default:;
            return false;
        }
        */
        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\f') {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unescapes any double quotes in the given cookie value.
     *
     * @param bc The cookie value to modify
     */
    private static void unescapeDoubleQuotes(ByteChunk bc) {

        if (bc == null || bc.getLength() == 0 || bc.indexOf('"', 0) == -1) {
            return;
        }

        int src = bc.getStart();
        int end = bc.getEnd();
        int dest = src;
        byte[] buffer = bc.getBuffer();

        while (src < end) {
            if (buffer[src] == '\\' && src < end && buffer[src+1]  == '"') {
                src++;
            }
            buffer[dest] = buffer[src];
            dest ++;
            src ++;
        }
        bc.setEnd(dest);
    }

    /**
     * Parses a cookie header after the initial "Cookie:"
     * [WS][$]token[WS]=[WS](token|QV)[;|,]
     * RFC 2965
     * JVK
     */
    protected final void processCookieHeader(byte bytes[], int off, int len){
        if( len<=0 || bytes==null ) {
            return;
        }
        int end=off+len;
        int pos=off;
        int nameStart=0;
        int nameEnd=0;
        int valueStart=0;
        int valueEnd=0;
        int version = 0;
        ServerCookie sc=null;
        boolean isSpecial;
        boolean isQuoted;

        while (pos < end) {
            isSpecial = false;
            isQuoted = false;

            // Skip whitespace and non-token characters (separators)
            while (pos < end &&
                   (CookieSupport.isHttpSeparator((char) bytes[pos]) &&
                           !CookieSupport.ALLOW_HTTP_SEPARATORS_IN_V0 ||
                    CookieSupport.isV0Separator((char) bytes[pos]) ||
                    isWhiteSpace(bytes[pos])))
                {pos++; }

            if (pos >= end) {
                return;
            }

            // Detect Special cookies
            if (bytes[pos] == '$') {
                isSpecial = true;
                pos++;
            }

            // Get the cookie/attribute name. This must be a token
            valueEnd = valueStart = nameStart = pos;
            pos = nameEnd = getTokenEndPosition(bytes,pos,end,version,true);

            // Skip whitespace
            while (pos < end && isWhiteSpace(bytes[pos])) {pos++; }


            // Check for an '=' -- This could also be a name-only
            // cookie at the end of the cookie header, so if we
            // are past the end of the header, but we have a name
            // skip to the name-only part.
            if (pos < (end - 1) && bytes[pos] == '=') {

                // Skip whitespace
                do {
                    pos++;
                } while (pos < end && isWhiteSpace(bytes[pos]));

                if (pos >= end) {
                    return;
                }

                // Determine what type of value this is, quoted value,
                // token, name-only with an '=', or other (bad)
                switch (bytes[pos]) {
                case '"': // Quoted Value
                    isQuoted = true;
                    valueStart=pos + 1; // strip "
                    // getQuotedValue returns the position before
                    // at the last quote. This must be dealt with
                    // when the bytes are copied into the cookie
                    valueEnd=getQuotedValueEndPosition(bytes,
                                                       valueStart, end);
                    // We need pos to advance
                    pos = valueEnd;
                    // Handles cases where the quoted value is
                    // unterminated and at the end of the header,
                    // e.g. [myname="value]
                    if (pos >= end) {
                        return;
                    }
                    break;
                case ';':
                case ',':
                    // Name-only cookie with an '=' after the name token
                    // This may not be RFC compliant
                    valueStart = valueEnd = -1;
                    // The position is OK (On a delimiter)
                    break;
                default:
                    if (version == 0 &&
                                !CookieSupport.isV0Separator((char)bytes[pos]) &&
                                CookieSupport.ALLOW_HTTP_SEPARATORS_IN_V0 ||
                            !CookieSupport.isHttpSeparator((char)bytes[pos]) ||
                            bytes[pos] == '=' && CookieSupport.ALLOW_EQUALS_IN_VALUE) {
                        // Token
                        valueStart=pos;
                        // getToken returns the position at the delimiter
                        // or other non-token character
                        valueEnd=getTokenEndPosition(bytes, valueStart, end,
                                version, false);
                        // We need pos to advance
                        pos = valueEnd;
                    } else  {
                        // INVALID COOKIE, advance to next delimiter
                        // The starting character of the cookie value was
                        // not valid.
                        UserDataHelper.Mode logMode = userDataLog.getNextMode();
                        if (logMode != null) {
                            String message = sm.getString(
                                    "cookies.invalidCookieToken");
                            switch (logMode) {
                                case INFO_THEN_DEBUG:
                                    message += sm.getString(
                                            "cookies.fallToDebug");
                                    //$FALL-THROUGH$
                                case INFO:
                                    log.info(message);
                                    break;
                                case DEBUG:
                                    log.debug(message);
                            }
                        }
                        while (pos < end && bytes[pos] != ';' &&
                               bytes[pos] != ',')
                            {pos++; }
                        pos++;
                        // Make sure no special avpairs can be attributed to
                        // the previous cookie by setting the current cookie
                        // to null
                        sc = null;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // Name only cookie
                valueStart = valueEnd = -1;
                pos = nameEnd;

            }

            // We should have an avpair or name-only cookie at this
            // point. Perform some basic checks to make sure we are
            // in a good state.

            // Skip whitespace
            while (pos < end && isWhiteSpace(bytes[pos])) {pos++; }


            // Make sure that after the cookie we have a separator. This
            // is only important if this is not the last cookie pair
            while (pos < end && bytes[pos] != ';' && bytes[pos] != ',') {
                pos++;
            }

            pos++;

            // All checks passed. Add the cookie, start with the
            // special avpairs first
            if (isSpecial) {
                isSpecial = false;
                // $Version must be the first avpair in the cookie header
                // (sc must be null)
                if (equals( "Version", bytes, nameStart, nameEnd) &&
                    sc == null) {
                    // Set version
                    if( bytes[valueStart] =='1' && valueEnd == (valueStart+1)) {
                        version=1;
                    } else {
                        // unknown version (Versioning is not very strict)
                    }
                    continue;
                }

                // We need an active cookie for Path/Port/etc.
                if (sc == null) {
                    continue;
                }

                // Domain is more common, so it goes first
                if (equals( "Domain", bytes, nameStart, nameEnd)) {
                    sc.getDomain().setBytes( bytes,
                                           valueStart,
                                           valueEnd-valueStart);
                    continue;
                }

                if (equals( "Path", bytes, nameStart, nameEnd)) {
                    sc.getPath().setBytes( bytes,
                                           valueStart,
                                           valueEnd-valueStart);
                    continue;
                }

                // v2 cookie attributes - skip them
                if (equals( "Port", bytes, nameStart, nameEnd)) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (equals( "CommentURL", bytes, nameStart, nameEnd)) {
                    continue;
                }

                // Unknown cookie, complain
                UserDataHelper.Mode logMode = userDataLog.getNextMode();
                if (logMode != null) {
                    String message = sm.getString("cookies.invalidSpecial");
                    switch (logMode) {
                        case INFO_THEN_DEBUG:
                            message += sm.getString("cookies.fallToDebug");
                            //$FALL-THROUGH$
                        case INFO:
                            log.info(message);
                            break;
                        case DEBUG:
                            log.debug(message);
                    }
                }
            } else { // Normal Cookie
                if (valueStart == -1 && !CookieSupport.ALLOW_NAME_ONLY) {
                    // Skip name only cookies if not supported
                    continue;
                }

                sc = addCookie();
                sc.setVersion( version );
                sc.getName().setBytes( bytes, nameStart,
                                       nameEnd-nameStart);

                if (valueStart != -1) { // Normal AVPair
                    sc.getValue().setBytes( bytes, valueStart,
                            valueEnd-valueStart);
                    if (isQuoted) {
                        // We know this is a byte value so this is safe
                        unescapeDoubleQuotes(sc.getValue().getByteChunk());
                    }
                } else {
                    // Name Only
                    sc.getValue().setString("");
                }
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Given the starting position of a token, this gets the end of the
     * token, with no separator characters in between.
     * JVK
     */
    private static final int getTokenEndPosition(byte bytes[], int off, int end,
            int version, boolean isName){
        int pos = off;
        while (pos < end &&
                (!CookieSupport.isHttpSeparator((char)bytes[pos]) ||
                 version == 0 &&
                        CookieSupport.ALLOW_HTTP_SEPARATORS_IN_V0 &&
                        bytes[pos] != '=' &&
                        !CookieSupport.isV0Separator((char)bytes[pos]) ||
                 !isName && bytes[pos] == '=' &&
                         CookieSupport.ALLOW_EQUALS_IN_VALUE)) {
            pos++;
        }

        if (pos > end) {
            return end;
        }
        return pos;
    }

    /**
     * Given a starting position after an initial quote character, this gets
     * the position of the end quote. This escapes anything after a '\' char
     * JVK RFC 2616
     */
    private static final int getQuotedValueEndPosition(byte bytes[], int off, int end){
        int pos = off;
        while (pos < end) {
            if (bytes[pos] == '"') {
                return pos;
            } else if (bytes[pos] == '\\' && pos < (end - 1)) {
                pos+=2;
            } else {
                pos++;
            }
        }
        // Error, we have reached the end of the header w/o a end quote
        return end;
    }

}