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Some tests for the Python binding of the TS tools
=================================================
Elementary streams -- basic functionality
-----------------------------------------
In this context, we take an elementary stream to be MPEG-1, MPEG-2 or H.264
(MPEG-4 Part 10) ES data, as is assumed by the rest of tstools.
We shall assume that our standard sample data has been downloaded and expanded
into our sibling ``data`` directory. See the ``../data/setup.sh`` script.
>>> test_es_file = '../data/ed24p_11.video.es'
First, check we've got the basics working:
>>> from tstools import ESFile
>>> stream = ESFile(test_es_file)
The filename is available as a "readonly" value:
>>> stream.name == test_es_file
True
We've opened it for read:
>>> stream.is_readable() == True
True
>>> stream.is_writable() == False
True
>>> stream.mode
'r'
We should be able to iterate over its ES units:
>>> count = 0
>>> es_unit_list = []
>>> for unit in stream:
... count += 1
... print unit
... es_unit_list.append(unit)
... if count > 5:
... break
ES unit: start code 00, len 9: 00 00 01 00 01 df ff fb b8
ES unit: start code b5, len 9: 00 00 01 b5 85 45 4b 5d 80
ES unit: start code 01, len 1645: 00 00 01 01 0a b0 10 09...
ES unit: start code 02, len 1634: 00 00 01 02 0a b0 10 09...
ES unit: start code 03, len 16: 00 00 01 03 0a b0 10 07...
ES unit: start code 04, len 15: 00 00 01 04 0a b0 10 02...
From ``hexdump -C`` I get (something that can be written out as)::
00 00 01 00 01 df ff fb b8
00 00 01 b5 85 45 4b 5d 80
00 00 01 01 0a b0 10 09 1c 56 ec d8 72 94 01 ...
which tends to support those results.
And close it:
>>> stream.close()
>>> stream.is_writable() == False
True
>>> stream.is_readable() == False
True
>>> stream.mode is None
True
We can ask an ES unit about itself:
>>> unit = es_unit_list[0]
>>> print unit.start_posn
0+0
>>> unit.start_code
0
>>> unit.PES_had_PTS
0
>>> data = unit.data
>>> len(data)
9
>>> data[0]
'\x00'
>>> text = 'data:'
>>> for ii in range(8):
... text += ' %02x'%ord(data[ii])
>>> print text
data: 00 00 01 00 01 df ff fb
>>> unit.fred
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AttributeError
>>> print repr(unit)
ESUnit("\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\xdf\xff\xfb\xb8")
ES units can be compared for equality (but not order):
>>> es_unit_list[0] == es_unit_list[0]
1
>>> es_unit_list[0] == es_unit_list[1]
0
>>> es_unit_list[0] != es_unit_list[1]
1
>>> es_unit_list[0] != es_unit_list[0]
0
>>> es_unit_list[0] < es_unit_list[1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: ESUnit only supports == and != comparisons
We can create an ES unit from a Python 'string':
>>> from tstools import ESUnit
>>> print 'old ',es_unit_list[0]
old ES unit: start code 00, len 9: 00 00 01 00 01 df ff fb b8
>>> new = ESUnit(es_unit_list[0].data)
>>> print 'new ',new
new ES unit: start code 00, len 9: 00 00 01 00 01 df ff fb b8
>>> print 'old ',es_unit_list[0]
old ES unit: start code 00, len 9: 00 00 01 00 01 df ff fb b8
>>> new == es_unit_list[0]
True
or even:
>>> exec 'u = ' + repr(unit)
>>> u == unit
1
And write another file...
>>> import tempfile
>>> import os
>>> directory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
>>> filename = os.path.join(directory,'tstools_test_1.es')
>>> out = ESFile(filename,'w')
>>> out.name == filename
True
>>> out.is_readable() == False
True
>>> out.is_writable() == True
True
>>> out.mode
'w'
>>> for unit in es_unit_list:
... out.write(unit)
>>> out.close()
Did that do the right thing? Check that we can read the units back (one by
one, to test the ``read`` method), and that the units we read back are
identical to those we wrote.
>>> infile = ESFile(filename,'r')
>>> other_units = []
>>> for ii in range(0,6):
... other_units.append(infile.read())
>>>
>>> for ii in range(0,6):
... if es_unit_list[ii] != other_units[ii]:
... print 'Error: unit %d does not match'%ii
... break
We already saw an ESOffset being returned:
>>> print es_unit_list[0].start_posn
0+0
>>> print es_unit_list[1].start_posn
9+0
>>> es_unit_list[1].start_posn.report()
Offset 0 in packet at offset 9 in file
>>> print repr(es_unit_list[1].start_posn)
ESOffset(infile=9,inpacket=0)
Output more like that produced by the C report tools can also be obtained:
>>> print es_unit_list[1].start_posn.formatted()
00000000/00000009
We can create our own:
>>> from tstools import ESOffset
>>> offset = ESOffset(59,27)
>>> offset.report()
Offset 27 in packet at offset 59 in file
>>> offset.infile
59L
>>> offset.inpacket
27
There are keywords for the arguments, as well, for clarity:
>>> ESOffset(infile=59,inpacket=27) == offset
True
And both default to 0:
>>> ESOffset(infile=37).report()
Offset 0 in packet at offset 37 in file
>>> ESOffset().report()
Offset 0 in packet at offset 0 in file
Files can get very long -- the underlying ``lseek`` call can probably take
64-bit offsets. With luck, the Pyrex implementation can too:
>>> loffset = ESOffset(0x1111111111111111,5)
>>> loffset.report()
Offset 5 in packet at offset 1229782938247303441 in file
That's why we got the "59L" in an earlier example...
And it may be useful to be able to compare them:
>>> es_unit_list[1].start_posn > es_unit_list[0].start_posn
True
>>> es_unit_list[1].start_posn == es_unit_list[1].start_posn
True
>>> es_unit_list[0].start_posn < es_unit_list[1].start_posn
True
Seeking (to the start of an ES unit) is useful. However, the following are
just testing the three ways of specifying the location to seek to (which may
be overkill, but all seemed sensible at the time):
>>> f = ESFile(test_es_file)
>>> o = ESOffset(10,20)
>>> print f.seek(o)
10+20
>>> print f.seek(20)
20+0
>>> print f.seek(30,40)
30+40
>>> print f.seek(10,20,30)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Seek argument must be one integer, two integers or an ESOffset
>>> print f.seek('fred')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Seek argument must be one integer, two integers or an ESOffset
>>> print f.seek(-1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TSToolsException: Error seeking to (-1,) in file '../data/ed24p_11.video.es'
Let's try proper seeking, though:
>>> p = f.seek(es_unit_list[-1].start_posn)
>>> p == es_unit_list[-1].start_posn
True
>>> u = f.read()
>>> u.start_posn == es_unit_list[-1].start_posn
True
>>> u == es_unit_list[-1]
True
OK. So ``seek()`` returns a tuple of (infile,inpacket), whilst the
``start_posn`` attribute is an ``ESOffset``. Which may or may not make sense
-- but I really would rather the latter had *some* annotation explicit as to
what each field means, because it *is* impossible to decide rationally which
order they should come in.
The "with" syntax should also work:
>>> count = 0
>>> with ESFile(test_es_file) as f:
... for unit in f:
... count += 1
... print unit
... if count > 5:
... break
ES unit: start code 00, len 9: 00 00 01 00 01 df ff fb b8
ES unit: start code b5, len 9: 00 00 01 b5 85 45 4b 5d 80
ES unit: start code 01, len 1645: 00 00 01 01 0a b0 10 09...
ES unit: start code 02, len 1634: 00 00 01 02 0a b0 10 09...
ES unit: start code 03, len 16: 00 00 01 03 0a b0 10 07...
ES unit: start code 04, len 15: 00 00 01 04 0a b0 10 02...
Transport streams -- basic functionality - reading
--------------------------------------------------
Still using sample data, we can read from TS files:
>>> test_ts_file = '../data/ed24p_11.ts'
>>> from tstools import TSFile
>>> tsfile = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> tsfile.name == test_ts_file
True
>>> tsfile.mode == 'r'
True
>>> tsfile.is_readable() == True
True
>>> tsfile.is_writable() == False
True
And also:
>>> tsfile.close()
>>> TSFile('no-such-file.fred')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TSToolsException: Error opening file 'no-such-file.fred' for TS reading: No such file or directory
Trusty hexdump suggests that the first few TS packets start::
47 1f ff 10 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
i.e., they look are padding packets, with PID 0x1FFF. tsreport appears to show
the first interesting TS packet occurring at 13348, which is 71*188::
13348: TS Packet 72 PID 0032 [pusi] stream type not identified
PES header
Start code: 00 00 01
Stream ID: bd (189) SYSTEM START: Private stream 1
PES packet length: 0612 (1554)
Flags: 84 80 data-aligned : PTS
PES header len 15
PTS 54347445
Data (160 bytes): 0b 77 0d 73 1c 20 43 fe 21 06 a2 b8 60 75 dd 6f 87 ae 95 2c ee dc cf ae 95 5b b2 31 13 8c 56 fd 32 a5 4f a1 43 5e 95 f3 ea 6f 9e d7 75 0a 93 f5 4b 9f 4e 73 0d f2 a7 b4 df 53 54 82 1b e7 68 1f d2 7e 99 2a 97 ee 9e bf 7c a9 25 78 62 4e 7f 4a 2b a4 b4 dc d8 56 9d 31 18 4f a9 bf 7c a6 d5 c8 6a 95 3e 54 be 15 34 ca 61 42 7d 0d f2 a7 af 6c 3f 7c 43 5b e7 d5 ab b6 74 e5 fa 57 ce 9d a4 af 49 53 f4 a9 60 25 9c 95 fa 97 b7 12 99 6f 55 22 40 77 17 b2 e9 54 24 ad 59 e4 5d 2f 61 c4 36 ee
That's 0x3424, and hexdump shows it staring::
47 40 32 14 00 00 01 bd 06 12 84 80 0f 21 0c f5 8d 6b ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0b 77 0d 73 1c 20 43 fe 21 06 a2 b8 60 75
Interpreted as:
* ``47``: it's TS
* ``40 32``: it's PID 0x32, with the PUSI bit set
* ``14`` == ``0001.0100``: that ``0001`` means we have a payload only (no
adaptation field), so payload length is 184
With that information, we should be able to do the following:
>>> p = None # Outside the "with" scope...
>>> with TSFile(test_ts_file) as f:
... count = 0
... p = f.read()
... while p.is_padding():
... count += 1
... p = f.read()
... print count
71
>>> print p.pid
50
The PID is calculated when a TS packet is created, but otherwise the
adaptation array and/or payload (and the PUSI flag) are split out lazily, as
needed:
>>> print p.pusi
1
>>> print p.adapt
None
Whether there is a PCR or not is also calculated lazily:
>>> print p.PCR
None
The payload itself won't print out nicely, as it's binary, but we can check
its length:
>>> print len(p.payload)
184
and the short representation of the TS packet:
>>> print p
TS packet PID 0032 [pusi] P 14 00 00 01 bd 06 12 84...
>>> text = ' '.join(['%02x'%x for x in p.data])
>>> print text
47 40 32 14 00 00 01 bd 06 12 84 80 0f 21 0c f5 8d 6b ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0b 77 0d 73 1c 20 43 fe 21 06 a2 b8 60 75 dd 6f 87 ae 95 2c ee dc cf ae 95 5b b2 31 13 8c 56 fd 32 a5 4f a1 43 5e 95 f3 ea 6f 9e d7 75 0a 93 f5 4b 9f 4e 73 0d f2 a7 b4 df 53 54 82 1b e7 68 1f d2 7e 99 2a 97 ee 9e bf 7c a9 25 78 62 4e 7f 4a 2b a4 b4 dc d8 56 9d 31 18 4f a9 bf 7c a6 d5 c8 6a 95 3e 54 be 15 34 ca 61 42 7d 0d f2 a7 af 6c 3f 7c 43 5b e7 d5 ab b6 74 e5 fa 57 ce 9d a4 af 49 53 f4 a9 60 25 9c 95 fa 97 b7 12 99 6f 55 22 40 77 17 b2 e9 54 24 ad 59 e4 5d 2f 61 c4 36 ee
>>> print repr(p)
TSPacket("\x47\x40\x32\x14\x00\x00\x01\xbd\x06\x12\x84\x80\x0f\x21\x0c\xf5\x8d\x6b\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x0b\x77\x0d\x73\x1c\x20\x43\xfe\x21\x06\xa2\xb8\x60\x75\xdd\x6f\x87\xae\x95\x2c\xee\xdc\xcf\xae\x95\x5b\xb2\x31\x13\x8c\x56\xfd\x32\xa5\x4f\xa1\x43\x5e\x95\xf3\xea\x6f\x9e\xd7\x75\x0a\x93\xf5\x4b\x9f\x4e\x73\x0d\xf2\xa7\xb4\xdf\x53\x54\x82\x1b\xe7\x68\x1f\xd2\x7e\x99\x2a\x97\xee\x9e\xbf\x7c\xa9\x25\x78\x62\x4e\x7f\x4a\x2b\xa4\xb4\xdc\xd8\x56\x9d\x31\x18\x4f\xa9\xbf\x7c\xa6\xd5\xc8\x6a\x95\x3e\x54\xbe\x15\x34\xca\x61\x42\x7d\x0d\xf2\xa7\xaf\x6c\x3f\x7c\x43\x5b\xe7\xd5\xab\xb6\x74\xe5\xfa\x57\xce\x9d\xa4\xaf\x49\x53\xf4\xa9\x60\x25\x9c\x95\xfa\x97\xb7\x12\x99\x6f\x55\x22\x40\x77\x17\xb2\xe9\x54\x24\xad\x59\xe4\x5d\x2f\x61\xc4\x36\xee")
Let's remember that packet:
>>> first_interesting_TS_packet = p
We have comparisons (but only for equality) on TS packets. Remember those
first N packets are all padding:
>>> f = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> p0 = f.read()
>>> p1 = f.read()
>>> f.close()
>>> p0 == p1
1
>>> p0 != first_interesting_TS_packet
1
>>> p0 == first_interesting_TS_packet
0
Normal iteration works as well:
>>> with TSFile(test_ts_file) as f:
... count = 0
... for packet in f:
... count += 1
... if not packet.is_padding():
... break
... print 'There are %d padding TS packets at the start'%count
... print 'The first non-padding packet is:',packet
There are 72 padding TS packets at the start
The first non-padding packet is: TS packet PID 0032 [pusi] P 14 00 00 01 bd 06 12 84...
And we should be able to create our own:
>>> from tstools import TSPacket
>>> tscopy = TSPacket(p0.data.tostring())
>>> tscopy == p0
1
>>> x = TSPacket('fred')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TSToolsException: First byte of TS packet is 0x66, not 0x47
(XXX That ``p0.data.tostring()`` is unforgivably clumsy -- I really should
make that work more naturally.)
We should be able to seek, although only multiples of 188 are likely to be
useful (the read after the seek to offset 27 will fail because it doesn't find
a 0x47 at the start of the data it is asked to read):
>>> f = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> f.seek(71*188)
>>> ps = f.read()
>>> ps == first_interesting_TS_packet
1
>>> f.seek(27)
>>> f.read()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TSToolsException: Error getting next TS packet from file ../data/ed24p_11.ts (First byte of TS packet is 0xff, not 0x47)
>>> f.close()
Note that the value returned as out data is actually an ``array`` of unsigned
bytes:
>>> p.data[:15]
array('B', [71, 64, 50, 20, 0, 0, 1, 189, 6, 18, 132, 128, 15, 33, 12])
Python 2.6 introduces the ``bytearray`` (an immutable array of bytes), which
is clearly what we'd prefer to be using to communicate with TS packets,
instead of strings and ``array.array``.
The first packet with a PCR is at 100768:
>>> f = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> f.seek(100768)
>>> tspcr = f.read()
>>> tspcr.pusi
0
>>> len(tspcr.adapt)
183
>>> tspcr.PCR
16303619382L
>>> f.close()
Program data
------------
A PAT is a wrapper around a lightly hidden dictionary of program number versus
PMT PID. So:
>>> from tstools import PAT
>>> pat = PAT()
>>> len(pat)
0
>>> pat[0] = 0x68
>>> pat[1] = 0x69
>>> pat[1] = 0xFFFF
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: PID must be 0..0x1fff, not 0xffff
>>> pat[-1] = 0x69
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Program number must be 0..65535, not -1
>>> pat[1]
105
>>> items = [item for item in pat]
>>> items.sort()
>>> print items
[(0, 104), (1, 105)]
We should be able to retrieve (the next) PAT from our file:
>>> f = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> num_read,fp1 = f.find_PAT()
>>> num_read
440
>>> print fp1
PAT({1:0x20})
For convenience, once we're found a PAT, it is remembered on the file
(all sorts of caveats immediately spring to mind, since a file can contain
more than one PAT - for the moment, the last PAT "found" by such a method
call will be remembered).
>>> print f.PAT
PAT({1:0x20})
>>> f.close()
Indeed, it will automatically be read in for us as we read its record(s):
>>> f = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> print f.PAT
None
>>> for ii in range(440):
... p = f.read()
>>> print f.PAT
PAT({1:0x20})
>>> f.close()
We can also find PMTs in a similar manner:
>>> f = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> num_read,pmt = f.find_PMT(0x20,1)
>>> num_read
441
>>> print pmt
PMT program 1, version 0, PCR PID 0030 (48)
>>> pmt.report()
PMT program 1, version 0, PCR PID 0030 (48)
Program streams:
PID 0031 ( 49) -> Stream type 02 ( 2)
ES info '\x52\x01\x00'
PID 0032 ( 50) -> Stream type 81 (129)
ES info '\x52\x01\x10'
>>> f.close()
The "PMT" attribute of a TSFile is a dictionary of PMT objects, keyed by the
program number. It starts off empty, and gets filled in as PMT records are
found, so:
>>> f = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> print f.PMT
{}
>>> for ii in range(441):
... p = f.read()
>>> print f.PMT
{1L: PMT(1,0,0x30,'')}
>>> print f.PMT[1]
PMT program 1, version 0, PCR PID 0030 (48)
>>> f.close()
And it is, of course, possible to create our own PMT:
>>> from tstools import PMT, ProgramStream
>>> pmt = PMT(2,1,0x68)
>>> pmt.set_program_info('\x23\x47')
>>> stream = ProgramStream(0x47,0x17,'\x0A\x04GER\x02')
>>> stream.report()
PID 0017 ( 23) -> Stream type 47 ( 71)
ES info '\x0a\x04\x47\x45\x52\x02'
>>> pmt.add_stream(stream)
>>> pmt.report()
PMT program 2, version 1, PCR PID 0068 (104)
Program info '\x23\x47'
Program streams:
PID 0017 ( 23) -> Stream type 47 ( 71)
ES info '\x0a\x04\x47\x45\x52\x02'
PCR buffering
-------------
There are two ways of reading TS packets from a file.
The original mechanism reads each TS packet relatively directly, and only TS
packets that actually contain a PCR "know" their PCR. It is then up to the
calling program to try to "guess" (or, perhaps, approximate) the PCRs for
intermediate packets.
Later versions of tstools introduced the concept of PCR buffering. In this
mode, the software will always have read forwards through the file enough to
have two PCRs in hand -- the previous and the next. This allows the PCR for
each TS packet in between to be determined absolutely, at the cost of a
read-ahead buffer, and some special tricks before the first PCR and after the
last (where linear approximation is all that can really be done).
NB: at time of writing, approximation at the start of the file is not done,
and thus in "PCR buffering" mode, TS packets before the first PCR are
skipped. This is a bug, and should be fixed in the future.
In the Python wrapping, the basic TSFile class provides "unbuffered" reading.
It is thus suitable for applications that are not trying to track the PCR.
The BufferedTSFile class is then a subclass of TSFile, and uses the PCR
buffered interface to retrieve TS packets. So:
>>> from tstools import BufferedTSFile
>>> bfile = BufferedTSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> print bfile
<BufferedTSFile '../data/ed24p_11.ts' open for read>
>>> bfile.is_readable()
1
>>> bfile.is_writable()
0
>>> bfile.close()
Since this class only opens a TSFile for read, there is no 'w' mode:
>>> bfile = BufferedTSFile(test_ts_file,'w')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: function takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)
>>> bfile = BufferedTSFile(test_ts_file,mode='w')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: 'mode' is an invalid keyword argument for this function
I'd *like* a BufferedTSFile to act very much like a TSFile in many ways, and
in particular I'd like it to start reading from the start of the file.
However, at the moment it starts reading with the first TS packet after the
first PMT.
So in particular, the start should be readable in the same manner, which we
can verify by checking how far in the "first interesting packet" we found
when first testing TSFile is:
x >>> p = None # Outside the "with" scope...
x >>> with BufferedTSFile(test_ts_file) as f:
x ... count = 0
x ... p = f.read()
x ... while p.is_padding():
x ... count += 1
x ... p = f.read()
x ... print count
x 71
x >>> p == first_interesting_TS_packet
x 1
which at the moment would fail (the responses being '0' and '0'
respectively), so I shan't actually make be proper tests.
What I can do is check if works as I expect:
>>> p1 = p2 = p3 = None
>>> with TSFile(test_ts_file) as f:
... # Read until we find the first PMT
... p = f.read()
... while len(f.PMT) == 0:
... p = f.read()
... # Then read until we find the first packet with a PCR
... p1 = f.read()
... while p1.PCR == None:
... p1 = f.read()
... p2 = f.read()
... p3 = f.read()
>>> print p1
TS packet PID 0030 A 20 b7 10 01 9e 9f 5a ff...
>>> print p2
TS packet PID 0031 P 1a 6c 42 26 10 88 58 30...
>>> print p3
TS packet PID 0031 P 1b 19 80 3b 28 06 28 21...
and thus:
>>> pb1 = pb2 = pb3 = None
>>> with BufferedTSFile(test_ts_file) as f:
... pb1 = f.read()
... pb2 = f.read()
... pb3 = f.read()
>>> print pb1
TS packet PID 0030 A 20 b7 10 01 9e 9f 5a ff...
>>> print pb2
TS packet PID 0031 P 1a 6c 42 26 10 88 58 30...
>>> print pb3
TS packet PID 0031 P 1b 19 80 3b 28 06 28 21...
>>> # Or, explicitly
>>> p1 == pb1 and p2 == pb2 and p3 == pb3
1
As I said, not perhaps what I want, but definitely what it is currently
expected to do.
Opening a TSFile (for read) more than once at the same time
-----------------------------------------------------------
It's not particularly obvious when coding in C, but in Python there seems no
reason to expect a problem in opening a TSFile more than once for reading at
the same time.
For instance:
>>> f1 = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> p1 = f1.read()
>>> f2 = TSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> p2 = f2.read()
>>> p1 == p2
1
>>> p1 = f1.read()
>>> p1 = f1.read()
>>> p1 = f1.read()
>>> p2 = f2.read()
>>> p2 = f2.read()
>>> p2 = f2.read()
>>> p1 == p2
1
>>> f1.close()
>>> f2.close()
The same should be true for BufferedTSFile:
>>> f1 = BufferedTSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> p1 = f1.read()
>>> f2 = BufferedTSFile(test_ts_file)
>>> p2 = f2.read()
>>> p1 == p2
1
>>> p1 = f1.read()
>>> p1 = f1.read()
>>> p1 = f1.read()
>>> p2 = f2.read()
>>> p2 = f2.read()
>>> p2 = f2.read()
>>> p1 == p2
1
>>> f1.close()
>>> f2.close()
// Local Variables:
// tab-width: 8
// indent-tabs-mode: nil
// c-basic-offset: 2
// End:
// vim: set filetype=rst tabstop=8 shiftwidth=2 expandtab:
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