TWPSK HELP FILE


1.0   INTRO/INDEX

  1.0  INTRO/INDEX
  2.0  MAIN WINDOW CONTROLS
  3.0  TUNING
  4.0  SENDING FILES
  5.0  ACCELERATOR KEYS
  6.0  SECONDARY WINDOWS
  7.0  MACROS
  8.0  TWPSK RESOURCE FILE
  9.0  LOG PROGRAMS / CALL BOX
  10.0 ADJUSTMENTS 


2.0   MAIN WINDOW CONTROLS

  This section briefly describes the location and operation of all the menus,
  windows, secondary windows, and controls in the Graphical User Interface 
  (GUI).  The subsection have a more detailed description.

  The program consists of the main window and several other windows that you
  pop up as needed.  You can think of the main window as five sections:  a Main
  Menu Bar, Text Windows, Tuning Indicators and their controls, T/R Controls,
  and the Modes button section.

  The Main Menu Bar runs across the top the window and has a File, Controls,
  Seek, and Help Button.  Clicking on one of these buttons will display a drop
  down with additional buttons, which are described in the following sections.

  Below the Main Menu Bar are two text windows with scroll bars.  The top text
  window displays receive data, and transmit date is entered in the second text
  window.

  The lower left corner of the window has the Tuning Indicators  - a Phase Scope
  and a Spectrum Display.  The Phase Scope shows the phase shift of a PSK signal
  and the Spectrum Display shows the signals on and around the receive
  frequency.

  Below the tuning indicators are two rows of buttons labeled Display Controls.
  With the first row, you select the display type, either a Spectrum Analyzer
  or Waterfall, as indicated by the pictures on the buttons.  The second row has
  three buttons that let you change the amount of bandwidth displayed by the
  Spectrum Display.

  The Frequency and T/R Controls are grouped in the bottom center of the
  interface.  These control the receive and transmit frequency, transceiver
  control, AFC, and NET.

  The Modes section is a group of five buttons and indicators along the lower
  right hand side.  These select different modes and show status information.


  2.1   Main Menu Bar

    The main menu has four buttons - File, Controls, Seek and Help.  Clicking
    on these buttons, and their drop down menus can be used to control most of
    the program's operations.

    These buttons and the other buttons on the main window can also be "pressed"
    from the keyboard too.  This is a very convenient way to select a buttons
    function, without using the mouse.  See Ctrl keys section ####

       
    2.1.1   File Button

      The File button is used send text files and Exit the program.  You can
      have up to 9 files defined in this drop down menu.
      //See Sending Text files

      The last button in the file menu is labeled QRT.  Use this button to exit
      the program.


    2.1.2   Controls Button

      The Controls button displays a drop down menu with several buttons.  There
      functions are described in the following sections.

      Most of The buttons on the drop down menu have a corresponding button on
      the main window, which you can select with a mouse click.  All of the drop
      down menu buttons can be "pressed" from the keyboard too, which is even
      easier. 


      2.1.2.1   Audio   Control A

        The Audio button pops up a window with slider controls to set the Main,
        Out, and In audio levels of the sound card.  This button does not have
        a corresponding button on the main window.


      2.1.2.2   Video   Control V

        The Video button pops up a dialog box with slider controls that set the
        Brightness and Display speed for the Spectrum and Waterfall display.
        This button does not have a corresponding button on the main window.


      2.1.2.3   Recv   Control R

        This button will switch the program to receive mode.  It does exactly
        the same as the Recv button in the T/R group on the main window.


      2.1.2.4   Xmit   Control X

        This button will switch the program to transmit mode.  It operates
        exactly the same as the Xmit button in the T/R group on the main window.


      2.1.2.5   Tune   Control T

        This button will switch the program to Tune mode.  It operates exactly
        the same as the Tune button in the T/R group on the main window.


      2.1.2.6   Broad   Control B

        This button switches the Spectrum Display to the broad range.  The
        Spectrum Display will display +/- 500 Hz. from the Rx Freq.  This button
        performs the same operation as the B button the Display Control group.


      2.1.2.7   Medium   Control M

        This button switches the Spectrum Display to the medium range.  The
        Spectrum Display will display +/- 250 Hz. from the Rx Freq.  This button
        performs the same operation as the M button in the Display Control
        group.


      2.1.2.8   Narrow   Control N

        This button switches the Spectrum Display to the narrow range.  The
        Spectrum display will display +/- 125 Hz. from the Rx Freq.  This button
        performs the same operation as the N button in the Display Control
        group.

           
      2.1.2.9   Spectrum   Control S

        The Spectrum button makes the display produce a classic spectrum
        analyzer output.  The horizontal scale is frequency, centered on the
        Rx Freq, and the vertical scale is signal strength.
                     

      2.1.2.10   Waterfall   Control W

        The Waterfall button makes the display produce a waterfall output.  The
        horizontal scale is frequency, centered on the Rx Freq,  and the
        brightness is signal strength.  New data is displayed at the bottom,
        and older data runs off the top of the display.  Since this is Linux,
        the waterfall flows up hill.


      2.1.2.11   Open Decoder   Control O

        This button opens a secondary receiver window at the current receive
        frequency.  This is an easy way to put the current signal into a
        secondary window, so you can tune in another station.


    2.1.3   Seek Menu Button

      These drop down menu buttons control the starting and stopping of scan
      operations.  The scan will stop when a PSK signal is detected.  Valid
      frequencies are 0 to 4000 Hz and the scan will stop before it reaches zero
      or 4000.  The display is gray for frequencies less than zero (?) and above
      4000.

      NOTE:  Once you start a scan, pressing any of these buttons,
             (Up, Down or Halt) will stop the scan. 


      2.1.3.1   Up   Control U

        The Up button tells the program to scan up the band for the next PSK
        signal.  


      2.1.3.2   Down   Control D

        The Down button tells the program to scan down the band for the next PSK
        signal.  


      2.1.3.3   Halt   Control H

        This button will stop a scan.

        NOTE:  While scanning, the Down and Up button will also stop the scan.


    2.1.4 Help Menu Button


      2.1.4.1   About

        This button pops up a window that tells you who to blame.


      2.1.4.2   Help

        Creates a window with this file in it.


  2.2   Text Windows

    Below the Main Menu Bar are two scrolled text windows, the Receive Text
    window and the Transmit Text window.
   

    2.2.1   Receive Text

      This window is located directly below the Main Menu Bar.  Received text
      is always placed at the end of the window's text.  You can use the
      scrollbar on the right to scroll back and see text that has ran off the
      top of the window.  This does not affect receiving new text, which will
      still be added to the end.  The background color of the window is darker
      when you scroll back.  This is just an indication to you that you must
      scroll back to the bottom to see any newly received characters.  Once you
      scroll back to the bottom, the background color will return to normal.

      This window, and all the other scrolled windows, has a pop up menu that
      allows you to clear the text from the screen.  To activate the menu, point
      the mouse in the window, and press the right mouse button.  The pop up
      menu has the Clear button.

      Between the Receive and Transmit Text scrollbars is a small square.  When
      you point at the square, the pointer changes to a +.  If you then hold
      down the left mouse button and drag, you can change the sizes of these
      windows.


    2.2.2   Transmit Text

      The Transmit Text window is located below the Receive Text window.  To
      enter text in this window, it must have the focus, as indicated by a black
      border around it.  Click on the Receive Text window and then click on the
      Transmit Text window to see the border.

      To make the interface easier to use, the program is writes so that pushing
      the Xmit or Recv buttons will forces the focus to the Transmit Text 
      window.  This tends to keep the focus where you need it.

      The scrollbar on this allows you to scroll back to see previously
      transmitted text.  The window will automatically scroll back to the bottom
      when you enter text in it.
        
      This window, and all the other scrolled windows, has a pop up menu that
      allows you to clear the text from the screen.  To activate the menu, point
      the mouse in the window, and press the right mouse button.  The pop up
      menu has the Clear button.


  2.3   Tuning Indicators

    The Tuning Indicators and their controls are located in the lower left hand
    side of the interface.  There is a Scope, a Spectrum Display, and two rows
    of control buttons.  The first row of buttons select the Spectrum Display's
    mode and the second row selects the amount of bandwidth displayed.


    2.3.1   Scope

      The Scope can be used to tune a PSK31 signal.  See Section #### Tuning for
      more information.  It shows the phase relationships of a PSK31 signal.
      The lines will be one of three colors.

      Red indicates no PSK signal or an improperly tuned one.

      Yellow lines indicated a PSK31 signal has been detected.  A properly tuned
      signal will draw a yellow line straight down when the signal is idle and
      straight up when the signal shifts phase.  The length of the lines
      indicate relative signal strength.
      // See section 

      While transmitting, the scoped will show green lines for idle and phase
      shift.


    2.3.2   Spectrum Display

      The Spectrum Display, located below the Scope, is also used for tuning
      PSK31 signals and can be used in conjunction with the Scope Display.  You
      can think of it as a graph that displays the signals on and around the
      receive frequency.  The horizontal axis represents frequency.  The red
      line is the current receive frequency, which is the value displayed in the
      Rx Freq box.

      The signal data can be displayed in two modes that you select with the
      Spectrum Analyzer Mode and the Waterfall Mode buttons below it.

      The frequency range displayed around the center frequency can be set to
      one of three ranges by clicking the B (Broad), M (Medium), or N (Narrow)
      buttons.

      The Spectrum Display also recognizes mouse clicks from both the left and
      right mouse buttons.  


    2.3.3   Spectrum Analyzer Mode

      This button is the left hand button of the first row.  It produces a
      classic spectrum analyzer display.  The height of the signal is the
      relative signal strength.  The position of the signal with respect to the
      red line indicates if it is above or below the current receive frequency.
      This display gives you a more or less instantaneous reading.


    2.3.4   Waterfall Mode

      The right hand button in the first row selects the Waterfall Mode.  It
      displays a 2 to 3 second history of the signals.  A gray scale is used to
      show relative signal strength, so a strong signal is white and weaker
      signals are progressively darker shades of gray.


    2.3.5   B   (Broad)

      With the B button selects the broad range.  The Spectrum Display will show
      a frequency range of +/- 500 Hz. from the center frequency.


    2.3.6   M   (Medium)

      With the M (Medium) button selected, the Spectrum Display will display a
      range of +/- 250 Hz. from the center frequency.


    2.3.7   N   (Narrow)

      With the N (Narrow) button selected, the Spectrum Display will show a
      frequency range of +/- 125 Hz. from the center frequency.


  2.4   Frequency and T/R Controls

    The T/R Controls are located at the bottom center of the main window.  There
    are controls to adjust the Rx Freq, Tx Freq, and two other buttons control
    AFC and NET.  The bottom group of three buttons key your transceiver. 


    2.4.1   Rx Freq

      This text field shows the center receive frequency.  If you click in this
      window, you can edit the number to select a desired frequency.

      NOTE:  While the window is selected, the AFC is be disabled.  To indicate
             that the AFC is disabled, the text changes from black to white.
             Clicking outside the Rx Freq will enable the AFC again.

      NOTE:  The text is also white during a scan.  It returns to normal when a
             PSK31 signal is found.


    2.4.2   Rx Freq Arrows

      Another way to change the frequency is with the up and down arrow buttons
      to the right of the receive frequency window.  Clicking on these buttons
      will increase or decrease the frequency by 1 Hz.  If you double click on
      the arrows, the frequency will change by 8 Hz.


    2.4.3   AFC

      This button will enable and disable the programs AFC function.  When
      turned on, the AFC will capture a signal that is off frequency by as much
      as 7 Hz.
          

    2.4.4   Tx Freq

      This text field holds the frequency of you transmit tone.  It is much like
      the Rx Freq window above, except that it has no special foreground color.
      You will probably not use this window much because setting it can be
      automated by the NET button described below.


    2.4.5   Tx Freq Arrows

      The Up and Down arrows adjust the Tx Freq just like the ones for the
      Rx Freq described above.
   

    2.4.6   NET

      The NET button automates the setting of the Tx Freq.  When the NET button
      is on, the current frequency in the Rx Freq will be transfered to the
      Tx Freq when you click on the Xmit button.  This insure that you are
      transmitting on the same frequency that you were receiving.  If it is off,
      and the Rx Freq and Tx Freq are different, you will be operating in a
      "split mode".


    2.4.8   T/R Controls

      The three buttons in the T/R Controls group allow you to key your
      transceiver. 
          

    2.4.9   Recv

      This button puts you in receive mode.  The audio going into your sound 
      card will be decoded.


    2.4.10   Xmit

      This one puts you in transmit mode.  The sound card will output the PSK
      codes for your keystrokes.  The output audio can be used to key your
      transceiver via the VOX.

      The Xmit button also toggles the RTS line of your serial port card.  The
      RTS signal can be used to key your rig with the PTT.  See any of the PSK
      web pages for the circuits needed for PTT operation.


    2.4.11   Tune

      The Tune button makes the sound card output a steady tone.  This can be
      used for tuning your transmitter.

      NOTE:  Do not exceed the power limit of your rig for continuous
             duty modes.


  2.5   Modes

    The Modes buttons are a column of five buttons along the lower right hand
    side of the interface.  There are three mode buttons and two status
    indicators.  The mode buttons are enabled when their indicator is red.


    2.10.1   DCD

      The top button in the stack is labeled DCD, and is an indicator only.
      Pushing this button has no effect.  The indicator on the button turns
      red when a PSK signal is detected.


    2.10.2   QPSK

      When enabled, PSK is generated in the QPSK mode.  When disabled, the code
      is generate in normal or BPSK mode.


    2.10.3   LSB

      This mode should be enabled if your rig is transmitting in lower sideband.


    2.10.4   CW ID

      If this button is enabled, your call will be transmitted in CW when you
      switch from Xmit to Recv.


    2.10.5   IMD

      This window displays the IMD of the received signal.  For the most 
      accurate reading, the noise level must be low, and the signal should be
      in the idle state for at least 5 seconds.


3.0   TUNING

  The main window decodes a PSK signal at the Rx Freq, which is the red line
  in the Spectrum display.  There are two ways to get the PSK signal at the
  Rx Freq.  You can bring the signal to the Rx Freq, or bring the program's
  Rx Freq to the signal.

  There are several ways you can tune a PSK signal.  They range from manually,
  where you do most of the tuning, to scanning and the program does the all the
  work.  In practice, you will find that you will use a combination of the 
  following methods.  So, it is best if you are know how to use all three
  methods.  In all cases, the scope and spectrum displays will show you when
  the signal is properly tuned.


  3.1   Manually

    Tune your receiver until a PSK signal is in the Spectrum display.  Try to
    center the signal on the red line, but don't try to get it perfect. Just 
    use the receiver to do the course tuning.

    Then, use the Up and Down arrows in Rx Freq box to do the fine tuning.
    The Spectrum display will tell you which direction you need to tune.
    Remember, a double click on the arrows will change the frequency 8 Hz, and
    a single click will change it by 1 Hz.

    As you get close, several things will happen.  The DCD indicator will turn
    red.  Also, the lines in the Scope will be yellow and start to form a 
    straight line.  Once the line on the Scope is straight and you are within
    about 7 Hz. of the center frequency, the AFT will take over and finish the
    job for you.


  3.2   Click

    To use this method, you just tune until a PSK signal is shown anywhere in
    the Display.  Then, point the mouse at the signal and push the left mouse
    button.  The program will try to find and center on the signal, change the
    Rx Freq, and the AFC should do the rest.

    Notice that the program is now listening to a different frequency.  Instead
    of tuning the receiver to the program's Rx Freq, like you did in the manual
    method, you "tuned" the program to a signal in the receivers bandpass.  So,
    you can tune in signals without tuning the receiver.

    One way to use this is to tune your receiver to the low end of the PSK band
    segment.  Now, every time you click near the right hand edge of the
    Spectrum, the Rx Freq changes to a higher frequency and you will see signal
    higher in the receivers bandpass.

    Band conditions and signal quality may cause it to line up incorrectly.  For
    the best results, try to have the pointer within the white area of the
    signal.  If it doesn't center correctly, you can click again or use the
    manual method.  

    If you point and click at a spot where there is no signal, the program will
    simply set the Rx Freq to that frequency.  If you have the Net button 
    pressed, then this will now be your transmit frequency also.  This is an
    easy way to select an open frequency to calling.


  3.3   Scan

    This method is the most automated.  By hitting Ctrl-U or Ctrl-D, (see
    ACCELERATOR KEYS in section 5.0) the program will scan up or down the band
    and stop at the next PSK signal.  While scanning, the Rx Text freq will be
    displayed with white numbers, which go back to black when the scan stops.

    If the scan reaches the "edge of the world" (0.0 Hz. or 4000 Hz.), the scan
    will stop before falling off the edge.  As the scan approaches the edge,
    the spectrum display becomes solid gray.  You can also stop a scan by
    hitting Ctrl-H, but there is an easier way described next.  

    Besides using the Ctrl-H key to stop a scan, Ctrl-U and Ctrl-D will also
    stop a scanning operation.  Here is a trick I use for scanning.  Hold the
    Ctrl key down with your left hand, and hit the U or D key with your right.
    Keep your finger near the U or D key you just struck.  If the scan stops 
    and you want to restart it, just hit the same key with your right hand.
    Also, if you see the scan miss a signal, the same keystroke will stop the
    scan so you can tune back to it.  Yes, sometimes a scan will miss a signal
    but catch it going back in the other direction.
    
    High noise levels, signal quality, signal strength, QSB, and crowded band
    conditions may cause the scan to stop off a signal.  However, it still
    seems to do a pretty good job.

    This is a new feature with this release of twpsk.  Please let me know what
    you think of it and how it works for you. (wa0eir@comcast.net)


4.0   SENDING FILES

  There are many times when you want to send the same text, like CQ calls or
  brag files.  There are also times when you would like to be able to insert
  something into that text, like a name, signal report, or contest number.  If
  this is true, read on.
  

  4.1   Creating Text files

    For a file to be sent, you must do two things.

    First, you must create the file and its text.  To create the file, cd to
    the directory called twpskDir.  It is located under your home directory.
    Now use your favorite text editor to create the file you want to send.
    The file name will appear as labels on a button, so pick meaningful names.

    Second, you need to tell twpsk about the file.  This is done by editing
    the resource file, Twpsk.  By default, Twpsk was placed in the directory:

    /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults

    You will have to be root to edit it.  If you did the optional step in
    the install process, then you should be able to edit your copy.

    Near the top of Twpsk is a resource called Twpsk.buttonNames:.  Its value
    is a comma delimited list of the file names.  Add your file name to the
    list.  Each name in the list will appear as a button in the File drop down
    menu and will have a Ctrl-1 thru Ctrl-9 next to the name.

    The Ctrl-1 thru Ctrl-9 are accelerator keys (see ACCELERATOR KEYS in
    section 5.0).  The names in the menu will be in the same order as they are
    in the Twpsk.buttonNames resource.  Also, they will be assigned a Ctrl key
    number in the same sequence.  I suggest putting the names in some logical
    order, so for example, Ctrl-1 sends a CQ, Ctrl-2 send your first
    transmission, Ctrl-3 sends the next...  

    There is a limit of 9 file buttons.  You can have as many files as you
    want, but only 9 can be sent.  Just edit the resource file for different
    situations.

    Finally, you will have to restart the program for these changes to take
    effect.


  4.2   Variable Data

    This feature is for those times when you would like to be able to insert
    something into a text file, like a name, signal report, or contest number.
   
    First, you will need to create the file, and tell twpsk about the file.
    This is described in Section 4.1 above.  As you create the text for the
    file, simply put ~WORD into the text where you want to insert something.
    WORD can be any word, like ~NAME, ~RST, etc...

    When the ~WORD is found, the program will pop up a dialog box with the
    label WORD and you can enter the text you want in a text field.  When you
    are finished, just hit the Enter key.  You can have as many  ~ fields in
    the file as you want.  Use a good WORD, because the dialog box displays
    WORD as an indication as to what should be entered.


  4.3   Sending

    The files can be sent by clicking on File in the main menu, and then 
    selecting the file from the drop down menu.  However, it is easier to use
    the Ctrl Accelerator keys, since you don't need to reach for the mouse.
    See the next section for Accelerator keys.


5.0   ACCELERATOR KEYS

  In an application like this one, where most of the input is text typed on the
  keyboard, reaching for the mouse can be awkward and produces a lot of dead
  air.  Therefore, most of the button presses have been programmed so they can
  be "pressed" with keystrokes instead.  For example, using these accelerator
  keys let you go to transmit mode, send macros, send text, send files, and go
  back to receive mode without ever touching the mouse.

  Notice that the button on the interface have an underlined character in there
  names.  This is a visual reminder to you that the button can be "pressed" by
  using a Ctrl key sequence.  For example, the Xmit button can be pressed by
  holding down the Ctrl button and pressing the X key.

  The Spectrum and Waterfall buttons are the only exception, since they have
  a bitmap rather than a label.  The can be pressed with Ctrl-S and Ctrl-W.
  Click on the Controls button on the main menu bar.  Notice that the buttons
  are repeated here, along with their Ctrl key.  Here the Spectrum and 
  Waterfall buttons are shown with their Ctrl keys.

  Now click on the File button on the main menu bar.  You should see the names
  of the text files that you can send.  Notice that they can be sent by using
  their Ctrl key too. (Ctrl-1, Ctrl-2, etc)

  Click on the Seek button in the main menu bar.  You should now be looking at
  the buttons to start and stop a seek.  Their accelerator keys are listed to
  the right of the button names.


6.0   SECONDARY WINDOWS

  There are several secondary windows in twpsk.  Two of these (Audio and Video)
  have controls that are "set and forget", so you pop up these when needed.  The
  other windows are Secondary Decoder that allow you to copy up to 4 QSOs at
  once.

  6.1   Secondary Decoder Windows

    You can display up to three Decoder windows.  These windows are capable of
    recieve only, and have some of the same controls as the main window.  There
    are two ways to open a Decoder window.

    The first way works like click to tune.  Assume that you are copying a 
    signal in the main window and another signal appears in the Spectrum 
    display.  If you do a right mouse click on the second signal, a Secondary
    Decoder will pop up with its Rx Freq set for that signal.  Notice that the
    Rx Freq on the main window is unchanged, and is still copying the original
    signal.

    The second way is used when you have a signal tuned in on the main window
    and want to put it into a secondary window.  To do this from the main menu,
    click Controls and then Open Decoder.  Note that the accelerator key for 
    this button is Ctrl-O, so you can do this from the keyboard as well.

    Now that the signal is in the Secondary decoder, you can use the main window
    to tune and tune in another signal, hit Ctrl-O to put it into another window
    and so on, until you have the maximum of three Secondary Decoders.  Just
    don't tune your rig, or you will detune all of the signals.

    Most of the controls on the Secondary Decoder are the same as the main
    window.  One difference is a button labeled <-> Main.  This button will 
    swap its window's contents with the main window.  If you see someone calling
    CQ in a Secondary Decoder click on <-> Main and you are ready to call.
    
    The very first time you use a secondary window, it will pop up in the upper
    left corner of the screen.  Just drag it to where you want it.  Everytime
    you quit twpsk, it saves the current location of all the secondary windows.
    From now on, the secondary windows will pop up in the same location they
    were when you last quit twpsk.
    
    
  6.2   Audio Window

    The Audio window is display from the Audio button on the Controls menu.  It
    can also be displayed by the accelerator key, Ctrl-A.  This window has three
    slider controls and a Close button.

    The Main and Out sliders, and the Mic Gain on your rig, set the drive level
    for your transmitter.  DO NOT OVER DRIVE YOUR TRANSMITTER!  This will cause
    distortion and interference to nearby stations.
  
    The In slider sets the drive level to the sound card.  Set the AF Gain on
    your rig a normal level.  Then adjust the Brightness and In control until
    the display looks the way you like.
  
    Once these controls are set, edit the resource file, Twpsk, and insert these
    values so they will automatically be set when you start the program.


   6.3   Video Window

     This window has two slider controls and a Close button.  Both sliders are
     for the Spectrum/Waterfall display.  The Display Speed sets the refresh
     rate on the display.
     
     Brightness is for brightness!



7.0   MACROS

  Twpsk allows you to define your own macro key functions.  These are used to
  send strings of fixed text.  The macros are "associated" with the Rx Text
  window. This means the Rx Text window must have the focus.  Since they are
  used to send text, and if I have programmed things right, you will not have
  to worry about this.  However, if the macro's text doesn't appear in the Rx
  Text window, click on the Rx Text window to make sure it has the focus.  The
  Rx Text window has the focus when it has a black border on it.


       ! Translations for "Over", HisCall and
       ! user defined macros.
       !
       ! Create your own macros using lines like these.
       !
       !                       Shift Alt <Key>m:     sendMacro(WA0EIR)\n\
       !                       Shift Alt <Key>F1:    sendMacro(WA0EIR)\n\
       !                       Shift Alt <Key>F2:    sendMacro(WA0EIR WA0EIR)\n\
       !                       Shift Alt <Key>s:     sendMacro(SK)\n\
       !
       ! The last two lines should not be modified.
       ! Enter your macros after the line -
       !   Twpsk*txText.translations:   #override\n\

       Twpsk*txText.translations:   #override\n\
                                 Shift Alt <Key>o:     sendOver()\n\
                                 Shift Alt <Key>h:     sendHisCall()


  To create your own macros, insert your macros after the line  - 

       Twpsk*txText.translations:   #override\n\

  and before the line -

       Shift Alt <Key>o:     sendOver()\n\

  Use the examples shown in the comment area above as a pattern for your macros.
  Change the letter following <Key> to the letter you want to use, and change
  the text within the ( )'s of sendMacro to the text you want to send.  

  You can use other keys besides Shift Alt, but it is best if you don't because
  some of these are already being used by your window manager and twpsk itself.
  Remember, Ctrl-x is already defined to put you into transmit mode.  And, on
  my window manager (fvwm), Alt-f is the same as pressing the File button on the
  main menu bar.

  So, Shift Alt works best because there are no conflicts.  This gives you
  room for somewhere around 45 macros - more than I can remember.  If you want,
  Shift Ctrl and Alt Ctrl might work too.  That's over 135 macros!


8.0   TWPSK RESOURCE FILE

  The resource file, Twpsk, is an important part of twpsk.  When twpsk starts
  it looks at this file for information needed to configuration itself.  It is
  also where you can define your own macros.  If Twpsk can't be found, the
  program will fail to start and displays an error dialog.

  The format of X11 resource file like Twpsk is fairly simple.  If a line starts
  with the ! character, then it is a comment.  Twpsk has lots of comments that
  explain how the following line is used, and examples of what the line should
  look like.

  The other lines are are resources and contain a name/value pairs.  The name
  comes first on the line, and ends with the : character.  After the : character
  there is a blank area which can be any number of spaces and tabs.  The value
  assigned to the name follows the blank area.

  NOTE:  Do not put any spaces after the value.  In most cases, this will cause
  problems.  That's because the value assigned to the name is all the characters
  that follow the blank area up to the Newline at the end of the line.  Here is
  an example of what can happen.

  If there was a resource called MyColor, and you tried to set it to red like:

  ! COMMENT - The quotes are just for illustration.
  "MyColor:    red "      

  When the program starts, you will give an error message like this:
  
  Warning: Color name "red " is not defined

  On this message, the quotes are really there.  Notice the name of the color
  that it can't find - red with a space on the end!  The space was counted as
  part of the color name!


9.0   LOG PROGRAMS / CALL BOX

  As of version 2.0 of twpsk, ham log programs can "talk" to twpsk.  If the log
  program you are using has this feature, the call sign you enter in your log
  program can be sent by twpsk by entering "Shift Alt h" at the keyboard.  If
  your log program does not have this feature, tell the author of your log 
  program to contact me (wa0eir@comcast.net) and we will add it.  I will then
  keep a list of the log programs that support this.  As of now, only twlog
  and xlog supports this feature. 

  If you are not using a log program, then twpsk provides you with a window for
  you to enter the call.  To make this window visible, you need to enable it in
  the resource file, Twpsk.  In Twpsk you will find this:

    
      ! set to 1 if you need the callbox
      ! and set the call box position
      Twpsk.callBox:                          0

      Twpsk*callShell.x:                      50
      Twpsk*callShell.y:                      50

   Make sure the value of Twpsk.callBox is 1 and set the next two lines to the 
   position where you want the box to appear.   When you restart twpsk, the call
   box will appear, you can enter a call in it, and it will be sent when you
   enter Shift Alt h.


10.0   ADJUSTMENTS
 
   This section is probably one of the most important.  If you over drive your
   transmitter, it will cause distortion and interference to near by stations.
   There are many ways to adjust to adjust a transmitter to send a clean PSK31
   signal.  This is the process that I use for a Kenwood TS-530S.

   First, check the manual of your rig, and find the manufacturer limits for
   a continuous duty mode like PSK31.  I follow the suggested values for SSTV.

   NOTE: If you exceed the manufacture's values you may damage your rig.

   For my rig, the suggestd plate current is 135 ma.  I load up the transmitter
   in CW mode to 135 ma, which is about 50 watts output.  Then, switch to SSB
   mode, and click the Tune button on the twpsk interface.  Adjust the Mic Gain
   until the output is about 50 watts, and the plate current is within the 
   manufacturers limits for continuous duty.  

   Next, switch twpsk to Xmit mode.  The power out should drop to about one half
   of the Tune output.  I then adjust the Mic Gain until there is little or no
   AGC generated.

   This method seems to provide a very clean signal.  You may be able to get
   a few more watts out, but with PSK it won't make a difference on the other
   end. 


   Enjoy and 73,

   Ted - WA0EIR
   wa0eir@comcast.net