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# Designspaces and python
Designspaces can do different things in different processes. Maybe you want to generate a variable font. Maybe you want to generate UFOs. Maybe you want to resample an existing designspace into something else.
While [fonttools.designspacelib](https://fonttools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/designspaceLib/index.html) contains the basic objects to construct, read and write designspaces, the [ufoProcessor package](https://github.com/LettError/ufoProcessor) can also generate instances.
## Basics
First I have to make a `DesignSpaceDocument` object. This is an empty container, it has no masters, no axes, no path.
from fontTools.designspaceLib import *
ds = DesignSpaceDocument()
Now I will add an axis to the document by making an `AxisDescriptor` object and adding some values to its attributes.
ad = AxisDescriptor()
ad.name = "weight" # readable name
ad.tag = "wght" # 4 letter tag
ad.minimum = 200
ad.maximum = 1000
ad.default = 400
Finally we add the axisDescriptor to the document:
ds.addAxis(ad)
print(ds)
path = "my.designspace"
ds.write(path)
This writes a very small designspace file:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<designspace format="4.0">
<axes>
<axis tag="wght" name="weight" minimum="200" maximum="1000" default="400"/>
</axes>
</designspace>
Let's add some sources to the designspace: this needs the absolute path to the file (usually a ufo). When the document is saved the paths will be written as relative to the designspace document. A `SourceDescriptor` object has a lot of attributes, but `path` and `location` are the most important ones.
s1 = SourceDescriptor()
s1.path = "geometryMaster1.ufo"
s1.location = dict(weight=200)
ds.addSource(s1)
s2 = SourceDescriptor()
s2.path = "geometryMaster2.ufo"
s2.location = dict(weight=1000)
ds.addSource(s2)
Let's add some instances. Instances are specific locations in the designspace with names and sometimes paths associated with them. In a variable font you might want these to show up as styles in a menu. But you could also generate UFOs from them.
for w in [ad.minimum, .5*(ad.minimum + ad.default), ad.default, .5*(ad.maximum + ad.default), ad.maximum]:
# you will probably know more compact
# and easier ways to write this, go ahead!
i = InstanceDescriptor()
i.fileName = "InstanceFamily"
i.styleName = "Weight_%d" % w
i.location = dict(weight = w)
i.filename = "instance_%s.ufo" % i.styleName
ds.addInstance(i)
The XML now has all it needs: an axis, some sources and ome instances.
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<designspace format="4.0">
<axes>
<axis tag="wght" name="weight" minimum="200" maximum="1000" default="400"/>
</axes>
<sources>
<source filename="geometryMaster1.ufo">
<location>
<dimension name="weight" xvalue="200"/>
</location>
</source>
<source filename="geometryMaster2.ufo">
<location>
<dimension name="weight" xvalue="1000"/>
</location>
</source>
</sources>
<instances>
<instance stylename="Weight_200" filename="instance_Weight_200.ufo">
<location>
<dimension name="weight" xvalue="200"/>
</location>
<kerning/>
<info/>
</instance>
<instance stylename="Weight_300" filename="instance_Weight_300.ufo">
<location>
<dimension name="weight" xvalue="300"/>
</location>
<kerning/>
<info/>
</instance>
<instance stylename="Weight_400" filename="instance_Weight_400.ufo">
<location>
<dimension name="weight" xvalue="400"/>
</location>
<kerning/>
<info/>
</instance>
<instance stylename="Weight_700" filename="instance_Weight_700.ufo">
<location>
<dimension name="weight" xvalue="700"/>
</location>
<kerning/>
<info/>
</instance>
<instance stylename="Weight_1000" filename="instance_Weight_1000.ufo">
<location>
<dimension name="weight" xvalue="1000"/>
</location>
<kerning/>
<info/>
</instance>
</instances>
</designspace>
Whoop well done.
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