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<title>uruk</title>
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<p style="text-align:right">
9 авг 2013
<a class="local" href="uruk.ps"><b>uruk</b></a>
20130809
</p>
<div class=" itemize " style="margin-top:1em; font-size:100%">
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">1.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#name">NAME</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">2.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">3.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">4.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#quick setup guide">QUICK SETUP GUIDE</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">5.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#getting started">GETTING STARTED</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">6.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#loading a new rc file">LOADING A NEW <i>rc</i> FILE</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">7.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#the gory details uruk internals">THE GORY DETAILS: uruk INTERNALS</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">8.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#using uruk-save as the initscript backend">USING uruk-save AS THE INITSCRIPT BACKEND</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">9.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#policy">DEFAULT POLICY</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">10.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#warning">WARNING</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">11.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#environment">ENVIRONMENT</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">12.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#see also">SEE ALSO</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">13.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#copyright">COPYRIGHT</a>
</div>
<div class=" item_compact"><div class=" item_rightalign nowrap " style="right:-3em">14.</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:4em">
<a class="intern" href="#author">AUTHOR</a>
</div>
</div>
<a name="name"></a>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
uruk — wrapper for Linux iptables, for managing firewall rules</p>
<a name="synopsis"></a>
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
<b>uruk</b>
<a name="description"></a>
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<b>uruk</b> loads an <i>rc</i> file (see <a class="local sibling" href="uruk-rc.html">uruk-rc(5)</a>) which defines
network service access policy, and invokes <b>iptables(8)</b> to set up firewall
rules implementing this policy. By default the file <tt>/etc/uruk/rc</tt> is used; one can
overrule this by specifying another file in the URUK_CONFIG environment
variable. Under some circumstances, it's useful to use another command for
iptables; this can be achieved by setting the URUK_IPTABLES (and/or
URUK_IP6TABLES) environment variables. See <a class="local sibling" href="uruk-rc.html">uruk-rc(5)</a> for
details.
<a name="quick setup guide"></a>
<h2>QUICK SETUP GUIDE</h2>
Uruk will <i>not</i> "just work" out of the box. It needs manual configuration.
For those of you who don't like reading lots of documentation:
<div class="verbatim"> # cp /usr/share/doc/uruk/examples/rc \
/etc/uruk/rc
# vi /etc/uruk/rc
# urukctl start</div>
<a name="getting started"></a>
<h2>GETTING STARTED</h2>
Once the <b>uruk</b> script is installed, you want to go use it, of course. We'll
give a detailed description of what to do here.
<p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
First, create an <i>rc</i> file. See <a class="local sibling" href="uruk-rc.html">uruk-rc(5)</a> for info on how to
do this. Once this file is created and installed (this script looks in
<tt>/etc/uruk/rc</tt> by default), you're ready to run <b>uruk</b>. You might want to test your
<i>rc</i> file by running <b>uruk</b> in debug mode, see <a class="local sibling" href="uruk-rc.html">uruk-rc(5)</a>.
There are at least 3 ways to load your <i>rc</i> file. We'll first describe a low
level one: using vanilla iptables.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0"><b>Vanilla iptables</b><br>
After editing <i>rc</i>, load your rules like this. First flush your current rules:
<div class="verbatim"> # iptables -F
# ip6tables -F</div>
Then enable your <i>rc</i> rules
<div class="verbatim"> # uruk</div>
. Inspect the rules by doing:
<div class="verbatim"> # iptables -L
# ip6tables -L</div>
.
If you want to make these changes survive a reboot, use the init script as
shipped with this package. If you'd rather write your own init script, the
<b>iptables-restore(8)</b> and <b>iptables-save(8)</b> commands from the iptables
package might be helpful.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0"><b>Using the Uruk init script</b><br>
Assumed is the Uruk init script is installed as explained in the README file.
Optionally, install <tt>/etc/default/uruk</tt> (or <tt>/etc/sysconfig/uruk</tt>) and
tweak it. An example file is in <tt>/usr/share/doc/uruk/examples/default</tt> (You might like to enable
support for <b>uruk-save</b>.) Now activate uruk by doing:
<div class="verbatim"> # urukctl start</div>
Now your pre-uruk iptables rules (if any) are saved as the "inactive" ruleset.
While executing <tt>urukctl start</tt>, your box is open during a short while.
If you don't like this, read below about <b>uruk-save</b>.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
When rebooting, everything will be fine: <tt>/etc/init.d/uruk</tt> stores
state in <tt>/var/lib/uruk/iptables</tt>, using
iptables-save(8), which comes with Linux iptables.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0"><b>Using Debian ifupdown</b><br>
In case you have just one network interface which should get protected, you
could use <b>interfaces(5)</b> from the Debian ifupdown package instead of the
init script. Suppose you'd like to protect <tt>ppp0</tt>, and would like not to
interfere with traffic on eth0: your other network interface.
First write an <i>rc</i> file. Be sure it features
<div class="verbatim"> interfaces_unprotect="lo eth0"</div>
Then run:
<div class="verbatim"> # mkdir -p /var/lib/uruk/iptables
# iptables -F
# iptables-save -c > /var/lib/uruk/iptables/down
# uruk
# iptables-save -c > /var/lib/uruk/iptables/up</div>
Add
<div class="verbatim"> pre-up iptables-restore < /var/lib/uruk/iptables/up
post-down iptables-restore < /var/lib/uruk/iptables/down</div>
to your interfaces stanza, in your <tt>/etc/network/interfaces</tt> .
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
Similar tricks might be possible on GNU/Linux systems from other distributions.
The author is interested.
</p>
<a name="loading a new rc file"></a>
<h2>LOADING A NEW <i>rc</i> FILE</h2>
Need to change your rules?
<p style="margin-bottom:0"><b>Using the Uruk init script</b><br>
Do
<div class="verbatim"> # vi /etc/uruk/rc
# urukctl force-reload</div>
While executing <tt>urukctl force-reload</tt>, your box is open during a short
while. If you don't like this, read below about <b>uruk-save</b>.
</p>
<a name="the gory details uruk internals"></a>
<h2>THE GORY DETAILS: uruk INTERNALS</h2>
The <b>uruk</b> script works like (and looks like) the list of statements below. Of
course, take a look at <tt>/sbin/uruk</tt> for the final word on the workings.
<div class=" itemize " style="margin-top:1em; font-size:100%">
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >1</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
<i>rc</i> is sourced as a shell script
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >2</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
Traffic on $interfaces_unprotect (just lo per default)
is trusted:
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A INPUT -i $iface -j ACCEPT</div>
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >3</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$rc_a is sourced as a shell script, or, in case $rc_a is a directory, all
files matching $rc_a/*.rc are sourced as shell scripts
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >4</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
ESTABLISHED and RELATED packets are ACCEPT-ed:
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED \
-j ACCEPT</div>
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >5</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$rc_b is sourced
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >6</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$interfaces gets protected against spoofing: we don't allow anyone to
spoof non-routeable addresses. We block outgoing packets that don't have
our address as source: they are either spoofed or something is
misconfigured (NAT disabled, for instance). We want to be nice and don't
send out garbage.
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A INPUT -i $iface --source $no_route_ip \
-j DROP</div>
We drop all incoming packets which don't have us as destination:
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A OUTPUT -o $iface --source ! "$ip" \
-j DROP</div>
And we always allow outgoing connections:
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A OUTPUT -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -o $iface \
-j ACCEPT</div>
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >7</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$rc_c is sourced
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >8</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
Allow traffic to offered services, from trusted sources:
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate NEW \
-i $iface --protocol $proto --source "$source" \
--destination "$ip" --destination-port "$port" \
-j ACCEPT</div>
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >9</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$rc_d is sourced
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >10</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
Don't answer broadcast and multicast packets:
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A INPUT -i $iface --destination "$bcast" \
-j DROP</div>
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >11</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$rc_f is sourced
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >12</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
Explicitly allow a subset of the ICMP types. (We disallow all other
traffic later.)
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A INPUT --protocol icmp --icmp-type $type \
-j ACCEPT</div>
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >13</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$rc_g is sourced
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >14</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
Log packets (which make it till here)
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-level debug \
--log-prefix 'iptables: '</div>
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >15</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$rc_h is sourced
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >16</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
Reject all other packets
<div class="verbatim"> $iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT</div>
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " >17</div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
$rc_i is sourced
</div>
</div>
<a name="using uruk-save as the initscript backend"></a>
<h2>USING uruk-save AS THE INITSCRIPT BACKEND</h2>
By default, <b>uruk-save</b> is not used by the uruk init script. You might want to
use it, though. The <b>uruk-save</b> script is faster and when using <b>uruk-save</b>,
your box won't be open while loading new rules. But beware: <b>uruk-save</b> is not
as robust as using <b>uruk</b> itself.
<p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
The script <b>urukctl</b> (and thus the uruk init script) will use <b>uruk-save</b> only if
asked to do so in <tt>/etc/default/uruk</tt> (or <tt>/etc/sysconfig/uruk</tt>). If
this file features
<div class="verbatim">
enable_uruk_save=true</div>
<b>uruk-save</b> is used whenever appropriate.
See <a class="local sibling" href="uruk-save.html">uruk-save(8)</a> for more details.
</p>
<a name="policy"></a>
<h2>DEFAULT POLICY</h2>
By default, <b>uruk</b> drops packets which have unknown RFC 1918 private network
addresses in their source or destination.
<p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
It rejects packets with source nor destination for one of our IPs.
</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
Packets belonging to locally initiated sessions are allowed: we match state;
the local host can act as a client for any remote service.
</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
By default, <b>uruk</b> drops all ICMP packets (except those for interfaces in
$interfaces_unprotect) with type other than
<div class=" itemize " style="margin-top:1em; font-size:100%">
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
address-mask-reply
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
address-mask-request
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
destination-unreachable (this is a catch-all for a lot of types)
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
echo-request
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
echo-reply
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
parameter-problem (catch-all for ip-header-bad and required-option-missing)
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
timestamp-reply
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
timestamp-request
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
ttl-zero-during-transit
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
ttl-zero-during-reassembly
</div>
</div>
</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
By default, the FORWARD chain is left untouched, so has policy ACCEPT. (This
won't do much harm, since packet forwarding is disabled by default in the Linux
kernel. However, if you don't mind being paranoid, you might want to add a
<div class="verbatim"> iptables --policy FORWARD REJECT</div>
to your $rc_a uruk hook. See <a class="local sibling" href="uruk-rc.html">uruk-rc(5)</a>.)
</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
By default, <b>uruk</b> logs all UDP and TCP packets which are blocked by the user
defined policies. Loglevel is debug, logprefix is "iptables:". See
also the notes on <i>loglevel</i> in <a class="local sibling" href="uruk-rc.html">uruk-rc(5)</a>.
</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
Blocked TCP packets are answered with a tcp-reset.
</p>
<a name="warning"></a>
<h2>WARNING</h2>
In order to keep the <b>uruk</b> script small and simple, the script does very little
error handling. It does not check the contents of the <i>rc</i> file in any way
before executing it. When your <i>rc</i> file contains bogus stuff, <b>uruk</b> will very
likely behave in unexpected ways. Caveat emptor.
<a name="environment"></a>
<h2>ENVIRONMENT</h2>
You can override some defaults in the shell before executing the uruk script.
<b>uruk</b> honors the following variables:
<div class=" itemize " style="margin-top:1em; font-size:100%">
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
"URUK_CONFIG" Full pathname of <i>rc</i> file; <tt>/etc/uruk/rc</tt> by default.
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
"URUK_IPTABLES" Full pathname of iptables executable.
<tt>/sbin/iptables</tt> by default. Overrides <i>iptables</i>.
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
"URUK_IP6TABLES" Full pathname of ip6tables executable, for
IPv6 support. Overrides <i>ip6tables</i>.
</div>
<div class=" item_cascade"><div class=" item_leftalign " ><span class="itembullet">•</span></div></div>
<div class=" item_text " style="margin-left:2em">
"URUK_INTERFACES_UNPROTECT" Default list of unprotected interfaces.
Overrides <i>interfaces_unprotect</i>. The default default is <tt>lo</tt>.
</div>
</div>
<a name="see also"></a>
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<a class="local sibling" href="uruk-rc.html">uruk-rc(5)</a>, <a class="local sibling" href="uruk-save.html">uruk-save(8)</a>. The Uruk homepage is at
<a class="extern" href="http://mdcc.cx/uruk/">http://mdcc.cx/uruk/</a> .
<p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
<b>iptables(8)</b>, <b>iptables-save(8)</b>,
<b>iptables-restore(8)</b>,
<b>ip6tables(8)</b>, <b>ip6tables-save(8)</b>,
<b>ip6tables-restore(8)</b>, <a class="extern" href="http://www.netfilter.org/">http://www.netfilter.org/</a>
</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
<b>interfaces(5)</b>, <a class="extern" href="http://packages.debian.org/ifupdown">http://packages.debian.org/ifupdown</a>.
</p>
<a name="copyright"></a>
<h2>COPYRIGHT</h2>
Copyright (C) 2003 Stichting LogReport Foundation logreport@logreport.org;
Copyright (C) 2003, 2004 Tilburg University http://www.uvt.nl/;
Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Joost van Baal-Ilić <joostvb-uruk@mdcc.cx>
<p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0" class="asd_par">
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program. If not, see <a class="extern" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
</p>
<a name="author"></a>
<h2>AUTHOR</h2>
Joost van Baal-Ilić <joostvb-uruk@mdcc.cx>
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