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<H1>User Mode Linux HOWTO </H1>
<H2>User Mode Linux Core Team </H2>Mon Jan 30 16:52:10 EST 2006
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<EM> This document describes the use and abuse of Jeff Dike's User Mode Linux: a port of the Linux kernel as a normal Intel Linux process. </EM>
<HR>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-1.html">Introduction</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc1.1">1.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.1">What is User Mode Linux?</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc1.2">1.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.2">How is User Mode Linux Different?</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc1.3">1.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.3">How does UML Work?</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc1.4">1.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.4">Why Would I Want UML?</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-2.html">Compiling the kernel and modules</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc2.1">2.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.1">Compiling the kernel</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc2.2">2.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.2">Compiling and installing kernel modules</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc2.3">2.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.3">Compiling and installing uml_utilities</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc3">3.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-3.html">Running UML and logging in</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc3.1">3.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.1">Running UML</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc3.2">3.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.2">Logging in</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc3.3">3.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.3">Examples</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc4">4.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-4.html">UML on 2G/2G hosts</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc4.1">4.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.1">Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc4.2">4.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.2">The problem</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc4.3">4.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.3">The solution</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc5">5.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-5.html">Setting up serial lines and consoles</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc5.1">5.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.1">Specifying the device</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc5.2">5.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.2">Specifying the channel</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc5.3">5.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.3">Examples</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc6">6.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html">Setting up the network</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.1">6.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.1">General setup</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.2">6.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.2">Userspace daemons</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.3">6.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.3">Specifying ethernet addresses</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.4">6.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.4">UML interface setup</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.5">6.5</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.5">Multicast</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.6">6.6</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.6">TUN/TAP with the uml_net helper</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.7">6.7</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.7">TUN/TAP with a preconfigured tap device</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.8">6.8</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.8">Ethertap</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.9">6.9</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.9">The switch daemon</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.10">6.10</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.10">Slip</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.11">6.11</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.11">Slirp</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.12">6.12</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.12">pcap</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc6.13">6.13</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.13">Setting up the host yourself</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc7">7.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-7.html">Sharing Filesystems between Virtual Machines</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc7.1">7.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.1">A warning</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc7.2">7.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.2">Using layered block devices</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc7.3">7.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.3">Note!</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc7.4">7.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.4">Another warning</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc7.5">7.5</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.5">Moving a backing file</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc7.6">7.6</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.6">uml_moo : Merging a COW file with its backing file</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc7.7">7.7</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.7">uml_mkcow : Create a new COW file</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc8">8.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-8.html">Creating filesystems</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc8.1">8.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-8.html#ss8.1">Create the filesystem file</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc8.2">8.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-8.html#ss8.2">Assign the file to a UML device</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc8.3">8.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-8.html#ss8.3">Creating and mounting the filesystem</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc9">9.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-9.html">Host file access</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc9.1">9.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-9.html#ss9.1">Using hostfs</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc9.2">9.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-9.html#ss9.2">hostfs command line options</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc9.3">9.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-9.html#ss9.3">hostfs as the root filesystem</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc9.4">9.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-9.html#ss9.4">Building hostfs</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc10">10.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html">The Management Console</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.1">10.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.1">version</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.2">10.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.2">halt and reboot</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.3">10.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.3">config</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.4">10.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.4">remove</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.5">10.5</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.5">sysrq</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.6">10.6</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.6">help</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.7">10.7</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.7">cad</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.8">10.8</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.8">stop</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.9">10.9</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.9">go</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.10">10.10</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.10">log</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.11">10.11</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.11">proc</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.12">10.12</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.12">Making online backups</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc10.13">10.13</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.13">Event notification</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc11">11.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-11.html">Kernel debugging</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc11.1">11.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.1">Starting the kernel under gdb</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc11.2">11.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.2">Examining sleeping processes</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc11.3">11.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.3">Running ddd on UML</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc11.4">11.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.4">Debugging modules</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc11.5">11.5</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.5">Attaching gdb to the kernel</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc11.6">11.6</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.6">Using alternate debuggers</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc12">12.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-12.html">Kernel debugging examples</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc12.1">12.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.1">The case of the hung fsck</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc12.2">12.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.2">Episode 2: The case of the hung fsck</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc13">13.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html">What to do when UML doesn't work</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.1">13.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.1">Strange compilation errors when you build from source</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.2">13.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.2">UML hangs on boot after mounting devfs</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.3">13.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.3">A variety of panics and hangs with /tmp on a reiserfs filesystem</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.4">13.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.4">The compile fails with errors about conflicting types for 'open', 'dup', and 'waitpid'</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.5">13.5</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.5">UML doesn't work when /tmp is an NFS filesystem</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.6">13.6</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.6">UML hangs on boot when compiled with gprof support</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.7">13.7</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.7">syslogd dies with a SIGTERM on startup</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.8">13.8</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.8">TUN/TAP networking doesn't work on a 2.4 host</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.9">13.9</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.9">You can network to the host but not to other machines on the net</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.10">13.10</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.10">I have no root and I want to scream</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.11">13.11</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.11">UML build conflict between ptrace.h and ucontext.h</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.12">13.12</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.12">The UML BogoMips is exactly half the host's BogoMips</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.13">13.13</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.13">When you run UML, it immediately segfaults</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.14">13.14</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.14">xterms appear, then immediately disappear</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.15">13.15</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.15">cannot set up thread-local storage</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.16">13.16</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.16">Process segfaults with a modern (NPTL-using) filesystem</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc13.17">13.17</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.17">Any other panic, hang, or strange behavior</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc14">14.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-14.html">Diagnosing Problems</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc14.1">14.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-14.html#ss14.1">Case 1 : Normal kernel panics</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc14.2">14.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-14.html#ss14.2">Case 2 : Tracing thread panics</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc14.3">14.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-14.html#ss14.3">Case 3 : Tracing thread panics caused by other threads</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc14.4">14.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-14.html#ss14.4">Case 4 : Hangs</A>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc15">15.</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-15.html">Thanks</A></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc15.1">15.1</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-15.html#ss15.1">Code and Documentation</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc15.2">15.2</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-15.html#ss15.2">Flushing out bugs</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc15.3">15.3</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-15.html#ss15.3">Buglets and clean-ups</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc15.4">15.4</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-15.html#ss15.4">Case Studies</A>
<LI><A NAME="toc15.5">15.5</A> <A HREF="UserModeLinux-HOWTO-15.html#ss15.5">Other contributions</A>
</UL>
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