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---
layout: "docs"
page_title: "MSSQL - Database - Secrets Engines"
sidebar_title: "MSSQL"
sidebar_current: "docs-secrets-databases-mssql"
description: |-
MSSQL is one of the supported plugins for the database secrets engine. This
plugin generates database credentials dynamically based on configured roles
for the MSSQL database.
---
# MSSQL Database Secrets Engine
MSSQL is one of the supported plugins for the database secrets engine. This
plugin generates database credentials dynamically based on configured roles for
the MSSQL database.
See the [database secrets engine](/docs/secrets/databases/index.html) docs for
more information about setting up the database secrets engine.
## Setup
1. Enable the database secrets engine if it is not already enabled:
```text
$ vault secrets enable database
Success! Enabled the database secrets engine at: database/
```
By default, the secrets engine will enable at the name of the engine. To
enable the secrets engine at a different path, use the `-path` argument.
1. Configure Vault with the proper plugin and connection information:
```text
$ vault write database/config/my-mssql-database \
plugin_name=mssql-database-plugin \
connection_url='sqlserver://{{username}}:{{password}}@localhost:1433' \
allowed_roles="my-role" \
username="sa" \
password="yourStrong(!)Password"
```
In this case, we've configured Vault with the user "sa" and password
"yourStrong(!)Password", connecting to an instance at "localhost" on port 1433. It is
not necessary that Vault has the sa login, but the user must have privileges
to create logins and manage processes. The fixed server roles
`securityadmin` and `processadmin` are examples of built-in roles that grant
these permissions. The user also must have privileges to create database
users and grant permissions in the databases that Vault manages. The fixed
database roles `db_accessadmin` and `db_securityadmin` are examples or
built-in roles that grant these permissions.
1. Configure a role that maps a name in Vault to an SQL statement to execute to
create the database credential:
```text
$ vault write database/roles/my-role \
db_name=my-mssql-database \
creation_statements="CREATE LOGIN [{{name}}] WITH PASSWORD = '{{password}}';\
CREATE USER [{{name}}] FOR LOGIN [{{name}}];\
GRANT SELECT ON SCHEMA::dbo TO [{{name}}];" \
default_ttl="1h" \
max_ttl="24h"
Success! Data written to: database/roles/my-role
```
## Usage
After the secrets engine is configured and a user/machine has a Vault token with
the proper permission, it can generate credentials.
1. Generate a new credential by reading from the `/creds` endpoint with the name
of the role:
```text
$ vault read database/creds/my-role
Key Value
--- -----
lease_id database/creds/my-role/2f6a614c-4aa2-7b19-24b9-ad944a8d4de6
lease_duration 1h
lease_renewable true
password 8cab931c-d62e-a73d-60d3-5ee85139cd66
username v-root-e2978cd0-
```
## Example for Azure SQL Database
Here is a complete example using Azure SQL Database. Note that databases in Azure SQL Database are [contained databases](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/databases/contained-databases) and that we do not create a login for the user; instead, we associate the password directly with the user itself. Also note that you will need a separate connection and role for each Azure SQL database for which you want to generate dynamic credentials. You can use a single database backend mount for all these databases or use a separate mount for of them. In this example, we use a custom path for the database backend.
First, we mount a database backend at the azuresql path with `vault secrets enable -path=azuresql database`. Then we configure a connection called "testvault" to connect to a database called "test-vault", using "azuresql" at the beginning of our path:
```
$ vault write azuresql/config/testvault \
plugin_name=mssql-database-plugin \
connection_url='server=hashisqlserver.database.windows.net;port=1433; \
user id=admin;password=pAssw0rd;database=test-vault;app name=vault;' \
allowed_roles="test"
```
Now we add a role called "test" for use with the "testvault" connection:
```
$ vault write azuresql/roles/test \
db_name=testvault \
creation_statements="CREATE USER [{{name}}] WITH PASSWORD = '{{password}}';" \
revocation_statements="DROP USER IF EXISTS [{{name}}]" \
default_ttl="1h" \
max_ttl="24h"
```
We can now use this role to dynamically generate credentials for the Azure SQL database, test-vault:
```
$ vault read azuresql/creds/test
Key Value
--- -----
lease_id azuresql/creds/test/2e5b1e0b-a081-c7e1-5622-39f58e79a719
lease_duration 1h0m0s
lease_renewable true
password A1a-48w04t1xzw1s33z3
username v-token-test-tr2t4x9pxvq1z8878s9s-1513446795
```
When we no longer need the backend, we can unmount it with `vault unmount azuresql`. Now, you can use the MSSQL Database Plugin with your Azure SQL databases.
## Amazon RDS
The MSSQL plugin supports databases running on [Amazon RDS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_SQLServer.html),
but there are differences that need to be accomodated. A key limitation is that Amazon RDS doesn't support
the "sysadmin" role, which is used by default during Vault's revocation process for MSSQL. The workaround
is to add custom revocation statements to roles, for example:
```
vault write database/roles/my-role revocation_statements="\
USE my_database; \
IF EXISTS \
(SELECT name \
FROM sys.database_principals \
WHERE name = N'{{name}}') \
BEGIN \
DROP USER [{{name}}] \
END \
IF EXISTS \
(SELECT name \
FROM master.sys.server_principals \
WHERE name = N'{{name}}') \
BEGIN \
DROP LOGIN [{{name}}] \
END"
```
## API
The full list of configurable options can be seen in the [MSSQL database
plugin API](/api/secret/databases/mssql.html) page.
For more information on the database secrets engine's HTTP API please see the
[Database secrets engine API](/api/secret/databases/index.html) page.
|
