/** @file
 * IPRT - I/O Stream.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2025 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 *
 * This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as
 * available from https://www.virtualbox.org.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the
 * License.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
 *
 * The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
 * of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
 * (CDDL), a copy of it is provided in the "COPYING.CDDL" file included
 * in the VirtualBox distribution, in which case the provisions of the
 * CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
 *
 * You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
 * terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only OR CDDL-1.0
 */

#ifndef IPRT_INCLUDED_stream_h
#define IPRT_INCLUDED_stream_h
#ifndef RT_WITHOUT_PRAGMA_ONCE
# pragma once
#endif

#include <iprt/cdefs.h>
#include <iprt/types.h>
#include <iprt/stdarg.h>

RT_C_DECLS_BEGIN

/** @defgroup grp_rt_stream     RTStrm - File Streams
 * @ingroup grp_rt
 * @{
 */

#ifndef IPRT_INCLUDED_message_h
/** Pointer to a stream. */
typedef struct RTSTREAM *PRTSTREAM;
#endif

/** Pointer to the standard input stream. */
extern RTDATADECL(PRTSTREAM)    g_pStdIn;

/** Pointer to the standard error stream. */
extern RTDATADECL(PRTSTREAM)    g_pStdErr;

/** Pointer to the standard output stream. */
extern RTDATADECL(PRTSTREAM)    g_pStdOut;


/**
 * Opens a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pszFilename     Path to the file to open.
 * @param   pszMode         The open mode. See fopen() standard.
 *                          Format: <a|r|w>[+][b|t][x][e|N|E]
 *                              - 'a': Open or create file and writes
 *                                append tos it.
 *                              - 'r': Open existing file and read from it.
 *                              - 'w': Open or truncate existing file and write
 *                                to it.
 *                              - '+': Open for both read and write access.
 *                              - 'b' / 't': binary / text
 *                              - 'x': exclusively create, no open. Only
 *                                possible with 'w'.
 *                              - 'e' / 'N': No inherit on exec.  (The 'e' is
 *                                how Linux and FreeBSD expresses this, the
 *                                latter is Visual C++).
 * @param   ppStream        Where to store the opened stream.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmOpen(const char *pszFilename, const char *pszMode, PRTSTREAM *ppStream);

/**
 * Opens a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pszMode         The open mode. See fopen() standard.
 *                          Format: <a|r|w>[+][b|t][x][e|N|E]
 *                              - 'a': Open or create file and writes
 *                                append tos it.
 *                              - 'r': Open existing file and read from it.
 *                              - 'w': Open or truncate existing file and write
 *                                to it.
 *                              - '+': Open for both read and write access.
 *                              - 'b' / 't': binary / text
 *                              - 'x': exclusively create, no open. Only
 *                                possible with 'w'.
 *                              - 'e' / 'N': No inherit on exec.  (The 'e' is
 *                                how Linux and FreeBSD expresses this, the
 *                                latter is Visual C++).
 * @param   ppStream        Where to store the opened stream.
 * @param   pszFilenameFmt  Filename path format string.
 * @param   args            Arguments to the format string.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmOpenFV(const char *pszMode, PRTSTREAM *ppStream, const char *pszFilenameFmt,
                           va_list args) RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(3, 0);

/**
 * Opens a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pszMode         The open mode. See fopen() standard.
 *                          Format: <a|r|w>[+][b|t][x][e|N|E]
 *                              - 'a': Open or create file and writes
 *                                append tos it.
 *                              - 'r': Open existing file and read from it.
 *                              - 'w': Open or truncate existing file and write
 *                                to it.
 *                              - '+': Open for both read and write access.
 *                              - 'b' / 't': binary / text
 *                              - 'x': exclusively create, no open. Only
 *                                possible with 'w'.
 *                              - 'e' / 'N': No inherit on exec.  (The 'e' is
 *                                how Linux and FreeBSD expresses this, the
 *                                latter is Visual C++).
 * @param   ppStream        Where to store the opened stream.
 * @param   pszFilenameFmt  Filename path format string.
 * @param   ...             Arguments to the format string.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmOpenF(const char *pszMode, PRTSTREAM *ppStream, const char *pszFilenameFmt, ...) RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(3, 4);

/**
 * Opens a file stream for a RTFILE handle, taking ownership of the handle.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   hFile           The file handle to use.  On success, handle
 *                          ownership is transfered to the stream and it will be
 *                          closed when the stream closes.
 * @param   pszMode         The open mode, accept the same as RTStrOpen and
 *                          friends however it is only used to figure out what
 *                          we can do with the handle.
 * @param   fFlags          Reserved, must be zero.
 * @param   ppStream        Where to store the opened stream.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmOpenFileHandle(RTFILE hFile, const char *pszMode, uint32_t fFlags, PRTSTREAM *ppStream);

/**
 * Queries the file handle backing the stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @retval  VERR_NOT_AVAILABLE if the stream has no valid handle associated with
 *          it.
 *
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   phFile          Where to return the file handle.  This should not be
 *                          closed!
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmQueryFileHandle(PRTSTREAM pStream, PRTFILE phFile);

/**
 * Closes the specified stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream to close.
 *
 * @note    The stream will be closed and freed even when failure is returned.
 *          It cannot be used again after this call.  The error status is only
 *          to indicate that the flushing of buffers or the closing of the
 *          underlying file handle failed.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmClose(PRTSTREAM pStream);

/**
 * Get the pending error of the stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code. of the stream.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmError(PRTSTREAM pStream);

/**
 * Clears stream error condition.
 *
 * All stream operations save RTStrmClose and this will fail
 * while an error is asserted on the stream
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmClearError(PRTSTREAM pStream);

/**
 * Changes the stream mode.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   fBinary         The desired binary (@c true) / text mode (@c false).
 *                          Pass -1 to leave it unchanged.
 * @param   fCurrentCodeSet Whether converting the stream from UTF-8 to the
 *                          current code set is desired (@c true) or not (@c
 *                          false).  Pass -1 to leave this property unchanged.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmSetMode(PRTSTREAM pStream, int fBinary, int fCurrentCodeSet);

/** Stream buffering modes. */
typedef enum RTSTRMBUFMODE
{
    RTSTRMBUFMODE_INVALID = 0,
    RTSTRMBUFMODE_FULL,         /**< Full buffering. */
    RTSTRMBUFMODE_LINE,         /**< Line buffering. On Windows this could be the same as RTSTRMBUFMODE_FULL. */
    RTSTRMBUFMODE_UNBUFFERED,   /**< No buffering. */
    RTSTRMBUFMODE_END,
    RTSTRMBUFMODE_32BIT_HACK = 0x7fffffff
} RTSTRMBUFMODE;

/**
 * Changes the stream buffering mode.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   enmBufMode      The new buffering mode.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmSetBufferingMode(PRTSTREAM pStream, RTSTRMBUFMODE enmBufMode);

/**
 * Returns the current echo mode.
 *
 * This works only for standard input streams.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @retval  VERR_INVALID_FUNCTION if not a TTY.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   pfEchoChars     Where to store the flag whether typed characters are echoed.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmInputGetEchoChars(PRTSTREAM pStream, bool *pfEchoChars);

/**
 * Changes the behavior for echoing inpit characters on the command line.
 *
 * This works only for standard input streams.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @retval  VERR_INVALID_FUNCTION if not a TTY.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   fEchoChars      Flag whether echoing typed characters is wanted.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmInputSetEchoChars(PRTSTREAM pStream, bool fEchoChars);

/**
 * Checks if this is a terminal (TTY) or not.
 *
 * @returns true if it is, false if it isn't or the stream isn't valid.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 */
RTR3DECL(bool) RTStrmIsTerminal(PRTSTREAM pStream);

/**
 * Gets the width of the terminal the stream is associated with.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @retval  VERR_INVALID_FUNCTION if not connected to a terminal.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   pcchWidth       Where to return the width.  This will never be zero
 *                          and always be set, even on error.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmQueryTerminalWidth(PRTSTREAM pStream, uint32_t *pcchWidth);

/**
 * Rewinds the stream.
 *
 * Stream errors will be reset on success.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 *
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 *
 * @remarks Not all streams are rewindable and that behavior is currently
 *          undefined for those.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmRewind(PRTSTREAM pStream);

/**
 * Changes the file position.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 *
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   off             The seek offset.
 * @param   uMethod         Seek method, i.e. one of the RTFILE_SEEK_* defines.
 *
 * @remarks Not all streams are seekable and that behavior is currently
 *          undefined for those.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmSeek(PRTSTREAM pStream, RTFOFF off, uint32_t uMethod);

/**
 * Tells the stream position.
 *
 * @returns Stream position or IPRT error status. Non-negative numbers are
 *          stream positions, while negative numbers are IPRT error stauses.
 *
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 *
 * @remarks Not all streams have a position and that behavior is currently
 *          undefined for those.
 */
RTR3DECL(RTFOFF) RTStrmTell(PRTSTREAM pStream);

/**
 * Reads from a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   pvBuf           Where to put the read bits.
 *                          Must be cbRead bytes or more.
 * @param   cbToRead        Number of bytes to read.
 * @param   pcbRead         Where to store the number of bytes actually read.
 *                          If NULL cbRead bytes are read or an error is returned.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmReadEx(PRTSTREAM pStream, void *pvBuf, size_t cbToRead, size_t *pcbRead);

/**
 * Writes to a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   pvBuf           Where to get the bits to write from.
 * @param   cbToWrite       Number of bytes to write.
 * @param   pcbWritten      Where to store the number of bytes actually written.
 *                          If NULL cbWrite bytes are written or an error is returned.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmWriteEx(PRTSTREAM pStream, const void *pvBuf, size_t cbToWrite, size_t *pcbWritten);

/**
 * Reads from a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   pvBuf           Where to put the read bits.
 *                          Must be cbRead bytes or more.
 * @param   cbToRead        Number of bytes to read.
 */
DECLINLINE(int) RTStrmRead(PRTSTREAM pStream, void *pvBuf, size_t cbToRead)
{
    return RTStrmReadEx(pStream, pvBuf, cbToRead, NULL);
}

/**
 * Writes to a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   pvBuf           Where to get the bits to write from.
 * @param   cbToWrite       Number of bytes to write.
 */
DECLINLINE(int) RTStrmWrite(PRTSTREAM pStream, const void *pvBuf, size_t cbToWrite)
{
    return RTStrmWriteEx(pStream, pvBuf, cbToWrite, NULL);
}

/**
 * Reads a character from a file stream.
 *
 * @returns The char as an unsigned char cast to int.
 * @returns -1 on failure.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmGetCh(PRTSTREAM pStream);

/**
 * Writes a character to a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   ch              The char to write.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmPutCh(PRTSTREAM pStream, int ch);

/**
 * Writes a string to a file stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   pszString       The string to write.
 *                          No newlines or anything are appended or prepended.
 *                          The terminating '\\0' is not written, of course.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmPutStr(PRTSTREAM pStream, const char *pszString);

/**
 * Reads a line from a file stream.
 *
 * A line ends with a '\\n', '\\r\\n', '\\0' or the end of the file.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @retval  VINF_BUFFER_OVERFLOW if the buffer wasn't big enough to read an
 *          entire line.
 * @retval  VERR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW if a lone '\\r' was encountered at the end of
 *          the buffer and we ended up dropping the following character.
 *
 * @param   pStream         The stream.
 * @param   pszString       Where to store the line.
 *                          The line will *NOT* contain any '\\n'.
 * @param   cbString        The size of the string buffer.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmGetLine(PRTSTREAM pStream, char *pszString, size_t cbString);

/**
 * Flushes a stream.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 * @param   pStream         The stream to flush.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmFlush(PRTSTREAM pStream);

/**
 * Prints a formatted string to the specified stream.
 *
 * @returns Number of bytes printed.
 * @param   pStream         The stream to print to.
 * @param   pszFormat       Runtime format string.
 * @param   ...             Arguments specified by pszFormat.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmPrintf(PRTSTREAM pStream, const char *pszFormat, ...) RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(2, 3);

/**
 * Prints a formatted string to the specified stream.
 *
 * @returns Number of bytes printed.
 * @param   pStream         The stream to print to.
 * @param   pszFormat       Runtime format string.
 * @param   args            Arguments specified by pszFormat.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTStrmPrintfV(PRTSTREAM pStream, const char *pszFormat, va_list args) RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(2, 0);

/**
 * Prints a formatted string to the specified stream, performing wrapping of
 * lines considered too long.
 *
 * If the stream is to a terminal, the terminal width is used as the max line
 * width.  Otherwise, the width is taken from @a fFlags
 * (RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_NON_TERMINAL_WIDTH_MASK /
 * RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_NON_TERMINAL_WIDTH_SHIFT), defaulting to 80 if zero.
 *
 * @returns Low 16 bits is the line offset, high 16 bits the number of lines
 *          outputted.  Apply RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_LINE_OFFSET_MASK to the value and
 *          it can be passed via @a fFlags to the next invocation (not necessary
 *          if all format strings ends with a newline).
 *          Negative values are IPRT error status codes.
 * @param   pStream         The stream to print to.
 * @param   fFlags          RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_XXX - flags, configuration and state.
 * @param   pszFormat       Runtime format string.
 * @param   ...             Arguments specified by pszFormat.
 * @sa      RTStrmWrappedPrintfV, RTStrmPrintf, RTStrmPrintfV
 */
RTDECL(int32_t) RTStrmWrappedPrintf(PRTSTREAM pStream, uint32_t fFlags, const char *pszFormat, ...)  RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(3, 4);

/**
 * Prints a formatted string to the specified stream, performing wrapping of
 * lines considered too long.
 *
 * If the stream is to a terminal, the terminal width is used as the max line
 * width.  Otherwise, the width is taken from @a fFlags
 * (RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_NON_TERMINAL_WIDTH_MASK /
 * RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_NON_TERMINAL_WIDTH_SHIFT), defaulting to 80 if zero.
 *
 * @returns Low 16 bits is the line offset, high 16 bits the number of lines
 *          outputted.  Apply RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_LINE_OFFSET_MASK to the value and
 *          it can be passed via @a fFlags to the next invocation (not necessary
 *          if all format strings ends with a newline).
 *          Negative values are IPRT error status codes.
 * @param   pStream         The stream to print to.
 * @param   fFlags          RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_XXX - flags, configuration and state.
 * @param   pszFormat       Runtime format string.
 * @param   va              Arguments specified by pszFormat.
 * @sa      RTStrmWrappedPrintf, RTStrmPrintf, RTStrmPrintfV
 */
RTDECL(int32_t) RTStrmWrappedPrintfV(PRTSTREAM pStream, uint32_t fFlags, const char *pszFormat,
                                     va_list va) RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(3, 0);

/** @name RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_XXX - Flags for RTStrmWrappedPrintf &
 *        RTStrmWrappedPrintfV.
 * @{ */
/** The current line offset mask.
 * This should be used to passed the line off state from one call to the next
 * when printing incomplete lines.  If all format strings ends with a newline,
 * this is not necessary. */
#define RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_LINE_OFFSET_MASK            UINT32_C(0x00000fff)
/** The non-terminal width mask. Defaults to 80 if not specified (zero). */
#define RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_NON_TERMINAL_WIDTH_MASK     UINT32_C(0x000ff000)
/** The non-terminal width shift. */
#define RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_NON_TERMINAL_WIDTH_SHIFT    12
/** The hanging indent level mask - defaults to 4 if zero.
 * Used when RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_HANGING_INDENT is set. */
#define RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_HANGING_INDENT_MASK         UINT32_C(0x01f00000)
/** The hanging indent level shift. */
#define RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_HANGING_INDENT_SHIFT        20
/** Hanging indent.  Used for command synopsis and such. */
#define RTSTRMWRAPPED_F_HANGING_INDENT              UINT32_C(0x80000000)
/** @} */

/**
 * Dumper vprintf-like function outputting to a stream.
 *
 * @param   pvUser          The stream to print to.  NULL means standard output.
 * @param   pszFormat       Runtime format string.
 * @param   va              Arguments specified by pszFormat.
 */
RTR3DECL(void) RTStrmDumpPrintfV(void *pvUser, const char *pszFormat, va_list va) RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(2, 0);

/**
 * Prints a formatted string to the standard output stream (g_pStdOut).
 *
 * @returns Number of bytes printed.
 * @param   pszFormat       Runtime format string.
 * @param   ...             Arguments specified by pszFormat.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTPrintf(const char *pszFormat, ...) RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(1, 2);

/**
 * Prints a formatted string to the standard output stream (g_pStdOut).
 *
 * @returns Number of bytes printed.
 * @param   pszFormat       Runtime format string.
 * @param   args            Arguments specified by pszFormat.
 */
RTR3DECL(int) RTPrintfV(const char *pszFormat, va_list args) RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(1, 0);

/** @} */

RT_C_DECLS_END

#endif /* !IPRT_INCLUDED_stream_h */