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/*
* vp_view.c
*
* Routines to compute quantities derived from the view transformation.
*
* Copyright (c) 1994 The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford
* Junior University. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
* documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
* that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
* all copies of this software and that you do not sell the software.
* Commercial licensing is available by contacting the author.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY
* WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* Author:
* Phil Lacroute
* Computer Systems Laboratory
* Electrical Engineering Dept.
* Stanford University
*/
/*
* $Date: 1994/12/30 23:52:38 $
* $Revision: 1.29 $
*/
#include "vp_global.h"
static int FactorAffineView ANSI_ARGS((vpContext *vpc, vpMatrix4 vm));
static int FactorPerspectiveView ANSI_ARGS((vpContext *vpc, vpMatrix4 vm));
static void ComputeAffineOpacityCorrection ANSI_ARGS((vpContext *vpc,
double shear_i, double shear_j, float table[VP_OPACITY_MAX+1]));
static void CheckRenderBuffers ANSI_ARGS((vpContext *vpc));
static void ComputeLightViewTransform ANSI_ARGS((vpContext *vpc,vpMatrix4 vm));
static int FactorLightView ANSI_ARGS((vpContext *vpc, vpMatrix4 vm));
static void CheckShadowBuffer ANSI_ARGS((vpContext *vpc));
/*
* VPFactorView
*
* Factor the viewing matrix.
*/
vpResult
VPFactorView(vpc)
vpContext *vpc;
{
vpMatrix4 vm;
int retcode;
if (vpc->factored_view_ready) {
CheckRenderBuffers(vpc);
return(VP_OK);
}
/* compute the overall view transformation */
VPComputeViewTransform(vpc, vm);
/* check if transformation is affine and factor it */
if (fabs(vm[3][0]) < VP_EPS && fabs(vm[3][1]) < VP_EPS &&
fabs(vm[3][2]) < VP_EPS && fabs(vm[3][3]-1.) < VP_EPS) {
if ((retcode = FactorAffineView(vpc, vm)) != VP_OK)
return(retcode);
ComputeAffineOpacityCorrection(vpc, vpc->shear_i, vpc->shear_j,
vpc->affine_opac_correct);
} else {
FactorPerspectiveView(vpc, vm);
}
CheckRenderBuffers(vpc);
/* compute viewing transformation from the point of view of the light
source (for calculating shadows) */
if ((retcode = VPCheckShadows(vpc)) != VP_OK)
return(retcode);
if (vpc->enable_shadows) {
ComputeLightViewTransform(vpc, vm);
if ((retcode = FactorLightView(vpc, vm)) != VP_OK)
return(retcode);
ComputeAffineOpacityCorrection(vpc, vpc->shadow_shear_i,
vpc->shadow_shear_j,
vpc->shadow_opac_correct);
CheckShadowBuffer(vpc);
}
return(VP_OK);
}
/*
* VPComputeViewTransform
*
* Compute the overall view transformation.
*/
void
VPComputeViewTransform(vpc, vm)
vpContext *vpc;
vpMatrix4 vm; /* storage for result */
{
vpMatrix4 prematrix; /* transform volume to unit cube */
vpMatrix4 viewportm; /* viewport matrix */
vpMatrix4 tmp1m, tmp2m, tmp3m; /* temporary matrices */
int maxdim;
double scale;
/* compute prematrix */
vpIdentity4(prematrix);
maxdim = vpc->xlen;
if (vpc->ylen > maxdim)
maxdim = vpc->ylen;
if (vpc->zlen > maxdim)
maxdim = vpc->zlen;
scale = 1. / (double)maxdim;
prematrix[0][0] = scale;
prematrix[1][1] = scale;
prematrix[2][2] = scale;
prematrix[0][3] = -vpc->xlen * scale * 0.5;
prematrix[1][3] = -vpc->ylen * scale * 0.5;
prematrix[2][3] = -vpc->zlen * scale * 0.5;
/* compute the viewport matrix */
vpIdentity4(viewportm);
viewportm[0][0] = 0.5 * vpc->image_width;
viewportm[0][3] = 0.5 * vpc->image_width;
viewportm[1][1] = 0.5 * vpc->image_height;
viewportm[1][3] = 0.5 * vpc->image_height;
viewportm[2][2] = -0.5; /* minus sign: switch to left-handed coords. */
viewportm[2][3] = 0.5;
/* compute the view matrix */
vpMatrixMult4(tmp1m, vpc->transforms[VP_MODEL], prematrix);
vpMatrixMult4(tmp2m, vpc->transforms[VP_VIEW], tmp1m);
vpMatrixMult4(tmp3m, vpc->transforms[VP_PROJECT], tmp2m);
vpMatrixMult4(vm, viewportm, tmp3m);
}
/*
* FactorAffineView
*
* Factor an affine viewing matrix into two parts:
* 1) A shear and translation which map object coordinates into
* intermediate image coordinates.
* 2) An affine warp which transforms intermediate image coordinates to
* image coordinates.
* Return value is a result code.
*/
static int
FactorAffineView(vpc, vm)
vpContext *vpc;
vpMatrix4 vm;
{
vpMatrix4 p; /* permutation matrix */
vpMatrix4 pvm; /* permutation of the viewing matrix */
int icount, jcount, kcount; /* dimensions of volume in rotated space */
vpVector4 xobj, yobj, zobj;
vpVector4 xim, yim, zim;
double x, y, z, denom;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, "FactorAffineView\n"));
vpc->affine_view = 1;
/*
* Transform the unit x, y and z object-coordinate vectors into image
* space and see which one is most aligned with the view direction
* (which is the z-axis in image coordinates).
*/
vpSetVector4(xobj, 1., 0., 0., 0.);
vpSetVector4(yobj, 0., 1., 0., 0.);
vpSetVector4(zobj, 0., 0., 1., 0.);
vpMatrixVectorMult4(xim, vm, xobj);
vpMatrixVectorMult4(yim, vm, yobj);
vpMatrixVectorMult4(zim, vm, zobj);
x = fabs((vpNormalize3(xim) == VPERROR_SINGULAR) ? 0. : xim[2]);
y = fabs((vpNormalize3(yim) == VPERROR_SINGULAR) ? 0. : yim[2]);
z = fabs((vpNormalize3(zim) == VPERROR_SINGULAR) ? 0. : zim[2]);
if (x >= y) {
if (x >= z) {
vpc->best_view_axis = VP_X_AXIS;
} else {
vpc->best_view_axis = VP_Z_AXIS;
}
} else {
if (y >= z) {
vpc->best_view_axis = VP_Y_AXIS;
} else {
vpc->best_view_axis = VP_Z_AXIS;
}
}
switch (vpc->axis_override) {
case VP_X_AXIS:
if (x < VP_EPS)
return(VPSetError(vpc, VPERROR_SINGULAR));
vpc->best_view_axis = VP_X_AXIS;
break;
case VP_Y_AXIS:
if (y < VP_EPS)
return(VPSetError(vpc, VPERROR_SINGULAR));
vpc->best_view_axis = VP_Y_AXIS;
break;
case VP_Z_AXIS:
if (z < VP_EPS)
return(VPSetError(vpc, VPERROR_SINGULAR));
vpc->best_view_axis = VP_Z_AXIS;
break;
default:
break;
}
/* permute the rows of the viewing matrix so that the third axis is
most parallel to the viewing direction */
bzero(p, sizeof(vpMatrix4));
switch (vpc->best_view_axis) {
case VP_X_AXIS:
p[0][2] = 1.;
p[1][0] = 1.;
p[2][1] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = vpc->ylen;
jcount = vpc->zlen;
kcount = vpc->xlen;
break;
case VP_Y_AXIS:
p[0][1] = 1.;
p[1][2] = 1.;
p[2][0] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = vpc->zlen;
jcount = vpc->xlen;
kcount = vpc->ylen;
break;
case VP_Z_AXIS:
p[0][0] = 1.;
p[1][1] = 1.;
p[2][2] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = vpc->xlen;
jcount = vpc->ylen;
kcount = vpc->zlen;
break;
}
vpMatrixMult4(pvm, vm, p);
/* compute the shear coefficients */
denom = pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][1] - pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][0];
if (fabs(denom) < VP_EPS)
return(VPSetError(vpc, VPERROR_SINGULAR));
vpc->shear_i = (pvm[0][2]*pvm[1][1] - pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][2]) / denom;
vpc->shear_j = (pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][2] - pvm[1][0]*pvm[0][2]) / denom;
if (pvm[2][0]*vpc->shear_i + pvm[2][1]*vpc->shear_j - pvm[2][2] > 0)
vpc->reverse_slice_order = 0;
else
vpc->reverse_slice_order = 1;
/* compute the intermediate image size */
vpc->intermediate_width = icount + 1 + (int)ceil((kcount-1)*
fabs(vpc->shear_i));
vpc->intermediate_height = jcount + 1 + (int)ceil((kcount-1)*
fabs(vpc->shear_j));
/* compute the translation coefficients */
if (vpc->shear_i >= 0.)
vpc->trans_i = 1.;
else
vpc->trans_i = 1. - vpc->shear_i * (kcount - 1);
if (vpc->shear_j >= 0.)
vpc->trans_j = 1.;
else
vpc->trans_j = 1. - vpc->shear_j * (kcount - 1);
/* compute the depth coefficients */
vpc->depth_di = pvm[2][0];
vpc->depth_dj = pvm[2][1];
vpc->depth_dk = pvm[2][2];
vpc->depth_000 = pvm[2][3];
/* compute the mapping from compositing space to image space */
vpc->warp_2d[0][0] = pvm[0][0];
vpc->warp_2d[0][1] = pvm[0][1];
vpc->warp_2d[0][2] = pvm[0][3] - pvm[0][0]*vpc->trans_i -
pvm[0][1]*vpc->trans_j;
vpc->warp_2d[1][0] = pvm[1][0];
vpc->warp_2d[1][1] = pvm[1][1];
vpc->warp_2d[1][2] = pvm[1][3] - pvm[1][0]*vpc->trans_i -
pvm[1][1]*vpc->trans_j;
vpc->warp_2d[2][0] = 0.;
vpc->warp_2d[2][1] = 0.;
vpc->warp_2d[2][2] = 1.;
vpc->factored_view_ready = 1;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, " best_view_axis: %c%c\n",
vpc->reverse_slice_order ? '-' : '+',
vpc->best_view_axis == VP_X_AXIS ? 'x' :
(vpc->best_view_axis == VP_Y_AXIS ? 'y' : 'z')));
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, " shear factors: %g %g\n",
vpc->shear_i, vpc->shear_j));
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, " translation: %g %g\n",
vpc->trans_i, vpc->trans_j));
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, " depth: d000: %g\n", vpc->depth_000));
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, " di: %g\n", vpc->depth_di));
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, " dj: %g\n", vpc->depth_dj));
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, " dk: %g\n", vpc->depth_dk));
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_VIEW, " intermediate image size: %d %d\n",
vpc->intermediate_width, vpc->intermediate_height));
return(VP_OK);
}
/*
* FactorPerspectiveView
*
* Factor a perspective view matrix into two parts:
* 1) A shear, translation and scale which map object coordinates into
* intermediate image coordinates.
* 2) A perspective warp which transforms intermediate image coordinates to
* image coordinates.
*/
static int
FactorPerspectiveView(vpc, vm)
vpContext *vpc;
vpMatrix4 vm;
{
vpc->affine_view = 0;
return(VP_OK);
#ifdef notdef
Matrix4 p; /* permutation matrix */
Matrix4 pvm; /* permutation of the viewing matrix */
Matrix4 m2d; /* final warp */
Matrix4 t;
double alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha4;
int icount, jcount, kcount; /* dimensions of volume in rotated space */
Vector4 xobj, yobj, zobj;
double x, y, z, denom;
double i0, j0, i1, j1;
double imin, imax, jmin, jmax;
Debug((DEBUG_VIEW, "FactorPerspectiveView\n"));
rbuf->perspective_proj = 1;
/*
* Transform the unit x, y and z object-coordinate vectors into image
* space and see which one is most aligned with the view direction
* (which is the z-axis in image coordinates).
*/
xobj[0] = 1.; xobj[1] = 0.; xobj[2] = 0.; xobj[3] = 0.;
yobj[0] = 0.; yobj[1] = 1.; yobj[2] = 0.; yobj[3] = 0.;
zobj[0] = 0.; zobj[1] = 0.; zobj[2] = 1.; zobj[3] = 0.;
TransformVector4(xobj, view->view_matrix);
TransformVector4(yobj, view->view_matrix);
TransformVector4(zobj, view->view_matrix);
/* normalize each vector to unit length and compare the absolute value
of the z component; note that the w component drops out */
xobj[2] = fabs(xobj[2]);
yobj[2] = fabs(yobj[2]);
zobj[2] = fabs(zobj[2]);
x = (xobj[2] < EPS) ? 0. :
(xobj[2] / sqrt(xobj[0]*xobj[0] + xobj[1]*xobj[1] + xobj[2]*xobj[2]));
y = (yobj[2] < EPS) ? 0. :
(yobj[2] / sqrt(yobj[0]*yobj[0] + yobj[1]*yobj[1] + yobj[2]*yobj[2]));
z = (zobj[2] < EPS) ? 0. :
(zobj[2] / sqrt(zobj[0]*zobj[0] + zobj[1]*zobj[1] + zobj[2]*zobj[2]));
if (x >= y) {
if (x >= z) {
rbuf->best_view_axis = VP_XAXIS;
} else {
rbuf->best_view_axis = VP_ZAXIS;
}
} else {
if (y >= z) {
rbuf->best_view_axis = VP_YAXIS;
} else {
rbuf->best_view_axis = VP_ZAXIS;
}
}
/* permute the rows of the viewing matrix so that the third axis is
most parallel to the viewing direction */
bzero(p, sizeof(Matrix4));
switch (rbuf->best_view_axis) {
case VP_XAXIS:
p[0][2] = 1.;
p[1][0] = 1.;
p[2][1] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = ylen;
jcount = zlen;
kcount = xlen;
break;
case VP_YAXIS:
p[0][1] = 1.;
p[1][2] = 1.;
p[2][0] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = zlen;
jcount = xlen;
kcount = ylen;
break;
case VP_ZAXIS:
p[0][0] = 1.;
p[1][1] = 1.;
p[2][2] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = xlen;
jcount = ylen;
kcount = zlen;
break;
default:
VPBug("wierd value for best_view_axis in FactorPerspectiveView\n");
}
MatrixMult4(pvm, view->view_matrix, p);
/* compute the magic alpha coefficients */
alpha1 = pvm[3][1] * (pvm[0][3]*pvm[1][2] - pvm[0][2]*pvm[1][3]) +
pvm[3][2] * (pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][3] - pvm[0][3]*pvm[1][1]) +
pvm[3][3] * (pvm[0][2]*pvm[1][1] - pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][2]);
alpha2 = pvm[3][0] * (pvm[0][2]*pvm[1][3] - pvm[0][3]*pvm[1][2]) +
pvm[3][2] * (pvm[0][3]*pvm[1][0] - pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][3]) +
pvm[3][3] * (pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][2] - pvm[0][2]*pvm[1][0]);
alpha3 = pvm[3][0] * (pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][2] - pvm[0][2]*pvm[1][1]) +
pvm[3][1] * (pvm[0][2]*pvm[1][0] - pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][2]) +
pvm[3][2] * (pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][1] - pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][0]);
alpha4 = pvm[3][0] * (pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][3] - pvm[0][3]*pvm[1][1]) +
pvm[3][1] * (pvm[0][3]*pvm[1][0] - pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][3]) +
pvm[3][3] * (pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][1] - pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][0]);
/* determine the order of the slices */
if (pvm[2][2] - (pvm[2][0]*alpha1 + pvm[2][1]*alpha2)/(alpha3+alpha4) > 0)
rbuf->reverse_k_order = 1;
else
rbuf->reverse_k_order = 0;
/* compute the scale coefficients */
rbuf->w_factor = alpha3 / alpha4;
if (rbuf->reverse_k_order)
rbuf->normalize_scale = 1. + rbuf->w_factor*(kcount-1);
else
rbuf->normalize_scale = 1.;
/* compute the bounding box of the image in compositing space */
denom = 1. / (alpha4 + alpha3*(kcount-1));
i0 = rbuf->normalize_scale*alpha1*(kcount-1) * denom;
j0 = rbuf->normalize_scale*alpha2*(kcount-1) * denom;
i1 = rbuf->normalize_scale*(alpha4*icount + alpha1*(kcount-1)) * denom;
j1 = rbuf->normalize_scale*(alpha4*jcount + alpha2*(kcount-1)) * denom;
imin = MIN(0, i0);
imax = MAX(rbuf->normalize_scale*icount, i1);
jmin = MIN(0, j0);
jmax = MAX(rbuf->normalize_scale*jcount, j1);
/* compute the size of the intermediate image */
rbuf->intermediate_width = (int)ceil(imax - imin);
rbuf->intermediate_height = (int)ceil(jmax - jmin);
/* compute the translation and shear coefficients */
rbuf->shear_i = (rbuf->normalize_scale*alpha1 - alpha3*imin) / alpha4;
rbuf->shear_j = (rbuf->normalize_scale*alpha2 - alpha3*jmin) / alpha4;
rbuf->trans_i = -imin;
rbuf->trans_j = -jmin;
/* compute the depth coefficients */
rbuf->depth_di = pvm[2][0];
rbuf->depth_dj = pvm[2][1];
rbuf->depth_dk = pvm[2][2];
rbuf->depth_000 = pvm[2][3];
rbuf->w_di = pvm[3][0];
rbuf->w_dj = pvm[3][1];
rbuf->w_dk = pvm[3][2];
rbuf->w_000 = pvm[3][3];
/* compute the mapping from compositing space to image space */
Identity4(t);
t[0][0] = 1. / rbuf->normalize_scale;
t[1][1] = 1. / rbuf->normalize_scale;
t[0][2] = -alpha1 / alpha4;
t[1][2] = -alpha2 / alpha4;
t[3][2] = -alpha3 / alpha4;
t[0][3] = imin / rbuf->normalize_scale;
t[1][3] = jmin / rbuf->normalize_scale;
MatrixMult4(m2d, pvm, t);
rbuf->warp_2d[0][0] = m2d[0][0];
rbuf->warp_2d[1][0] = m2d[1][0];
rbuf->warp_2d[2][0] = m2d[3][0];
rbuf->warp_2d[0][1] = m2d[0][1];
rbuf->warp_2d[1][1] = m2d[1][1];
rbuf->warp_2d[2][1] = m2d[3][1];
rbuf->warp_2d[0][2] = m2d[0][3];
rbuf->warp_2d[1][2] = m2d[1][3];
rbuf->warp_2d[2][2] = m2d[3][3];
#endif /* notdef */
}
/*
* ComputeAffineOpacityCorrection
*
* Precompute a lookup table which corrects opacity for an affine viewing
* transformation. (Opacity correction accounts for variations in the
* apparent thickness of a voxel depending on viewpoint.)
*/
static void
ComputeAffineOpacityCorrection(vpc, shear_i, shear_j, table)
vpContext *vpc;
double shear_i;
double shear_j;
float table[VP_OPACITY_MAX+1];
{
float voxel_size;
int i;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_OPCCORRECT,
"Computing affine opacity correction table.\n"));
voxel_size = sqrt(1 + shear_i*shear_i + shear_j*shear_j);
for (i = 0; i <= VP_OPACITY_MAX; i++) {
#ifdef NO_OPAC_CORRECT
table[i] = (double)i / (double)VP_OPACITY_MAX;
#else
table[i] = 1.-pow(1.-(double)i/(double)VP_OPACITY_MAX,voxel_size);
#endif
}
}
/*
* CheckRenderBuffers
*
* Resize the buffers used during rendering, if necessary.
*/
static void
CheckRenderBuffers(vpc)
vpContext *vpc;
{
int new_max_width, new_max_height, new_max_scan;
int resize = 0;
/* determine if resizing is necessary */
if (vpc->intermediate_width > vpc->max_intermediate_width) {
new_max_width = MAX(vpc->intermediate_width,
vpc->int_image_width_hint);
resize = 1;
} else {
new_max_width = MAX(vpc->max_intermediate_width,
vpc->int_image_width_hint);
}
if (vpc->intermediate_height > vpc->max_intermediate_height) {
new_max_height = MAX(vpc->intermediate_height,
vpc->int_image_height_hint);
resize = 1;
} else {
new_max_height = MAX(vpc->max_intermediate_height,
vpc->int_image_height_hint);
}
new_max_scan = vpc->xlen;
if (vpc->ylen > new_max_scan)
new_max_scan = vpc->ylen;
if (vpc->zlen > new_max_scan)
new_max_scan = vpc->zlen;
if (new_max_scan > vpc->max_scan_length)
resize = 1;
if (vpc->color_channels != vpc->intermediate_color_channels)
resize = 1;
/* resize */
if (resize)
VPResizeRenderBuffers(vpc, new_max_width, new_max_height,new_max_scan);
}
/*
* VPResizeRenderBuffers
*
* Resize the rendering buffers.
*/
void
VPResizeRenderBuffers(vpc, max_width, max_height, max_scan)
vpContext *vpc;
int max_width; /* new width of the intermediate image */
int max_height; /* new height of the intermediate image */
int max_scan; /* new max. scanline length */
{
/* free old buffers */
if (vpc->int_image.gray_intim != NULL) {
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_RBUF, "Freeing old RenderBuffer(%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",
vpc->max_intermediate_width, vpc->max_intermediate_height,
vpc->max_scan_length, vpc->intermediate_color_channels));
Dealloc(vpc, vpc->int_image.gray_intim);
}
/* allocate new buffers */
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_RBUF, "Allocating RenderBuffer(%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",
max_width, max_height, max_scan, vpc->color_channels));
vpc->max_intermediate_width = max_width;
vpc->max_intermediate_height = max_height;
vpc->max_scan_length = max_scan;
vpc->intermediate_color_channels = vpc->color_channels;
if (max_width > 0) {
if (vpc->color_channels == 1) {
Alloc(vpc, vpc->int_image.gray_intim, GrayIntPixel *,
max_width * max_height * sizeof(GrayIntPixel), "int_image");
} else {
Alloc(vpc, vpc->int_image.rgb_intim, RGBIntPixel *,
max_width * max_height * sizeof(RGBIntPixel), "int_image");
}
} else {
vpc->int_image.gray_intim = NULL;
}
}
/*
* VPResizeDepthCueTable
*
* Resize the depth cueing table.
*/
void
VPResizeDepthCueTable(vpc, entries, copy)
vpContext *vpc;
int entries; /* new number of table entries */
int copy; /* if true, copy old entries */
{
float *new_dc_table;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE, "resizing dctable to %d entries (%s)\n",
entries, copy ? "copy" : "nocopy"));
if (entries == 0) {
if (vpc->dc_table != NULL) {
Dealloc(vpc, vpc->dc_table);
vpc->dc_table = NULL;
}
vpc->dc_table_len = 0;
} else {
Alloc(vpc, new_dc_table, float *, entries * sizeof(float), "dc_table");
if (vpc->dc_table != NULL) {
if (copy && vpc->dc_table_len > 0) {
bcopy(vpc->dc_table, new_dc_table,
MIN(vpc->dc_table_len, entries) * sizeof(float));
}
Dealloc(vpc, vpc->dc_table);
}
vpc->dc_table = new_dc_table;
vpc->dc_table_len = entries;
}
}
/*
* VPComputeDepthCueTable
*
* Compute entries in the depth cueing lookup table.
*/
void
VPComputeDepthCueTable(vpc, first, last)
vpContext *vpc;
int first; /* first entry to compute */
int last; /* last entry to compute */
{
int c;
double delta_depth, front_factor, density;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE, "computing dctable entries %d to %d\n",
first, last));
delta_depth = vpc->dc_quantization;
front_factor = vpc->dc_front_factor;
density = vpc->dc_density;
for (c = first; c <= last; c++)
vpc->dc_table[c] = front_factor * exp(-density*(1.0 - c*delta_depth));
}
/*
* VPSliceDepthCueRatio
*
* Return the ratio of the depth cueing factor for two adjacent slices
* for an affine view. A constant factor is applied to all voxels in a
* slice, and then a fixup is applied to the pixels of the intermediate
* image. This produces the correct answer without having to compute
* the depth of each voxel.
*/
float
VPSliceDepthCueRatio(vpc)
vpContext *vpc;
{
float delta_depth; /* change in depth between adjacent slices */
float slice_dc_ratio; /* return value */
if (!vpc->dc_enable)
return(1.);
delta_depth = vpc->depth_dk - vpc->depth_di*vpc->shear_i -
vpc->depth_dj*vpc->shear_j;
if (vpc->reverse_slice_order)
delta_depth = -delta_depth;
/* slice_dc_ratio = exp(-vpc->dc_density * (-delta_depth)) */
slice_dc_ratio = exp(vpc->dc_density * delta_depth);
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE, "slice_dc_ratio = %f\n", slice_dc_ratio));
return(slice_dc_ratio);
}
/*
* VPDepthCueIntImage
*
* Perform depth cueing on the intermediate image.
*/
void
VPDepthCueIntImage(vpc, slicenum)
vpContext *vpc;
int slicenum; /* slice number corresponding to location of int. image */
{
float pixel_depth_quant; /* depth of current pixel in image
(multiplied by depth_quant) */
int pixel_depth_int; /* pixel_depth truncated to an integer */
float left_depth; /* depth of pixel on left edge of current
scanline in image */
float left_depth_quant; /* left_depth * depth_quant */
float *dc_table; /* depth cueing table */
float depth_di, depth_dj; /* change in depth for a unit change in each
rotated object space coordinate */
float depth_quant; /* number of quantization levels for depth */
float depth_di_quant; /* depth_di * depth_quant */
float depth_dj_quant; /* depth_dj * depth_quant */
float max_depth; /* maximum (closest) depth in image */
int max_depth_int; /* maximum quantized depth */
int i, j; /* intermediate image coordinates */
float slice_u, slice_v; /* sheared object space coordinates */
GrayIntPixel *gray_intim; /* image data (grayscale) */
RGBIntPixel *rgb_intim; /* image data (RGB) */
int width, height; /* size of intermediate image */
int c;
#ifdef DEBUG
float pix_depth;
#endif
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE, "depth cueing intermediate image\n"));
/* check the size of the depth cueing table and enlarge if necessary */
width = vpc->intermediate_width;
height = vpc->intermediate_height;
depth_quant = 1.0 / vpc->dc_quantization;
depth_di = vpc->depth_di;
depth_dj = vpc->depth_dj;
slice_u = vpc->shear_i * slicenum + vpc->trans_i;
slice_v = vpc->shear_j * slicenum + vpc->trans_j;
left_depth = vpc->depth_000 + vpc->depth_dk*slicenum -
slice_u*depth_di - slice_v*depth_dj;
if (depth_di > 0) {
if (depth_dj > 0) {
max_depth = left_depth + depth_di*width + depth_dj*height;
} else {
max_depth = left_depth + depth_di*width;
}
} else {
if (depth_dj > 0) {
max_depth = left_depth + depth_dj*height;
} else {
max_depth = left_depth;
}
}
max_depth_int = max_depth * depth_quant;
if (max_depth_int >= vpc->dc_table_len) {
c = vpc->dc_table_len;
VPResizeDepthCueTable(vpc, max_depth_int+1, 1);
VPComputeDepthCueTable(vpc, c, vpc->dc_table_len-1);
}
dc_table = vpc->dc_table;
depth_di_quant = depth_di * depth_quant;
depth_dj_quant = depth_dj * depth_quant;
left_depth_quant = left_depth * depth_quant;
#ifdef DEBUG
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE, "depth cueing at image corners:\n"));
pix_depth = left_depth + 0*depth_di + 0*depth_dj;
pixel_depth_int = (int)(pix_depth * depth_quant);
if (pixel_depth_int < 0) pixel_depth_int = 0;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE,
" %3d %3d: depth = %10.6f, factor = %10.6f, table[%d] = %10.6f\n",
0, 0, pix_depth,
vpc->dc_front_factor * exp(-vpc->dc_density * (1.0 - pix_depth)),
pixel_depth_int, dc_table[pixel_depth_int]));
pix_depth = left_depth + width*depth_di + 0*depth_dj;
pixel_depth_int = (int)(pix_depth * depth_quant);
if (pixel_depth_int < 0) pixel_depth_int = 0;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE,
" %3d %3d: depth = %10.6f, factor = %10.6f, table[%d] = %10.6f\n",
width, 0, pix_depth,
vpc->dc_front_factor * exp(-vpc->dc_density * (1.0 - pix_depth)),
pixel_depth_int, dc_table[pixel_depth_int]));
pix_depth = left_depth + width*depth_di + height*depth_dj;
pixel_depth_int = (int)(pix_depth * depth_quant);
if (pixel_depth_int < 0) pixel_depth_int = 0;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE,
" %3d %3d: depth = %10.6f, factor = %10.6f, table[%d] = %10.6f\n",
width, height, pix_depth,
vpc->dc_front_factor * exp(-vpc->dc_density * (1.0 - pix_depth)),
pixel_depth_int, dc_table[pixel_depth_int]));
pix_depth = left_depth + 0*depth_di + height*depth_dj;
pixel_depth_int = (int)(pix_depth * depth_quant);
if (pixel_depth_int < 0) pixel_depth_int = 0;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_DEPTHCUE,
" %3d %3d: depth = %10.6f, factor = %10.6f, table[%d] = %10.6f\n",
0, height, pix_depth,
vpc->dc_front_factor * exp(-vpc->dc_density * (1.0 - pix_depth)),
pixel_depth_int, dc_table[pixel_depth_int]));
#endif /* DEBUG */
/* foreach pixel, compute depth and scale color by dc factor */
if (vpc->color_channels == 1) {
gray_intim = vpc->int_image.gray_intim;
for (j = height; j > 0; j--) {
pixel_depth_quant = left_depth_quant;
left_depth_quant += depth_dj_quant;
for (i = width; i > 0; i--) {
pixel_depth_int = pixel_depth_quant;
pixel_depth_quant += depth_di_quant;
if (pixel_depth_int < 0)
pixel_depth_int = 0;
if (pixel_depth_int >= vpc->dc_table_len) {
VPBug("VPDepthCueIntImage: depth too large (%d >= %d)",
pixel_depth_int, vpc->dc_table_len);
}
gray_intim->clrflt *= dc_table[pixel_depth_int];
gray_intim++;
} /* for i */
} /* for j */
} else {
rgb_intim = vpc->int_image.rgb_intim;
for (j = height; j > 0; j--) {
pixel_depth_quant = left_depth_quant;
left_depth_quant += depth_dj_quant;
for (i = width; i > 0; i--) {
pixel_depth_int = pixel_depth_quant;
pixel_depth_quant += depth_di_quant;
if (pixel_depth_int < 0)
pixel_depth_int = 0;
if (pixel_depth_int >= vpc->dc_table_len) {
VPBug("VPDepthCueIntImage: depth too large (%d >= %d)",
pixel_depth_int, vpc->dc_table_len);
}
rgb_intim->rclrflt *= dc_table[pixel_depth_int];
rgb_intim->gclrflt *= dc_table[pixel_depth_int];
rgb_intim->bclrflt *= dc_table[pixel_depth_int];
rgb_intim++;
} /* for i */
} /* for j */
}
}
/*
* ComputeLightViewTransform
*
* Compute the view transformation from the point of view of the one
* light source that produces shadows.
*/
static void
ComputeLightViewTransform(vpc, vm)
vpContext *vpc;
vpMatrix4 vm; /* storage for result */
{
vpMatrix4 prematrix; /* transform volume to unit cube */
vpMatrix4 viewportm; /* viewport matrix */
vpVector3 vpn; /* view plane normal */
vpVector3 vup; /* view up vector */
vpVector3 tmp1v, tmp2v; /* temporary vectors */
vpMatrix4 view; /* transform world coordinates to
eye coordinates, with view
direction equal to light vector */
vpMatrix4 tmp1m, tmp2m; /* temporary matrices */
double lx, ly, lz; /* components of light vector */
int light_index;
int maxdim;
double scale;
/* check for errors */
ASSERT(vpc->shadow_light_num >= VP_LIGHT0 &&
vpc->shadow_light_num <= VP_LIGHT5);
ASSERT(vpc->light_enable[vpc->shadow_light_num - VP_LIGHT0]);
/* compute prematrix */
vpIdentity4(prematrix);
maxdim = vpc->xlen;
if (vpc->ylen > maxdim)
maxdim = vpc->ylen;
if (vpc->zlen > maxdim)
maxdim = vpc->zlen;
scale = 1. / (double)maxdim;
prematrix[0][0] = scale;
prematrix[1][1] = scale;
prematrix[2][2] = scale;
prematrix[0][3] = -vpc->xlen * scale * 0.5;
prematrix[1][3] = -vpc->ylen * scale * 0.5;
prematrix[2][3] = -vpc->zlen * scale * 0.5;
/* compute the world-to-eye coordinate transformation */
light_index = vpc->shadow_light_num - VP_LIGHT0;
lx = vpc->light_vector[light_index][0];
ly = vpc->light_vector[light_index][1];
lz = vpc->light_vector[light_index][2];
vpSetVector3(vpn, lx, ly, lz);
if (fabs(lx) < fabs(ly)) {
if (fabs(lx) < fabs(lz)) {
vpSetVector3(vup, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
} else {
vpSetVector3(vup, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
} else {
if (fabs(ly) < fabs(lz)) {
vpSetVector3(vup, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
} else {
vpSetVector3(vup, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
}
vpCrossProduct(tmp1v, vup, vpn);
vpCrossProduct(tmp2v, vpn, tmp1v);
vpIdentity4(view);
view[0][0] = tmp1v[0];
view[0][1] = tmp1v[1];
view[0][2] = tmp1v[2];
view[1][0] = tmp2v[0];
view[1][1] = tmp2v[1];
view[1][2] = tmp2v[2];
view[2][0] = vpn[0];
view[2][1] = vpn[1];
view[2][2] = vpn[2];
/* initialize matrix to switch to left-handed coords. */
vpIdentity4(viewportm);
viewportm[2][2] = -1.0;
/* compute the view matrix */
vpMatrixMult4(tmp1m, vpc->transforms[VP_MODEL], prematrix);
vpMatrixMult4(tmp2m, view, tmp1m);
vpMatrixMult4(vm, viewportm, tmp2m);
}
/*
* FactorLightView
*
* Factor an affine viewing matrix that specifies the view seen by
* a light source. Most of the parameters of the factorization are
* taken from the factorization of the normal viewing matrix.
*/
static int
FactorLightView(vpc, vm)
vpContext *vpc;
vpMatrix4 vm;
{
vpMatrix4 p; /* permutation matrix */
vpMatrix4 pvm; /* permutation of the viewing matrix */
int icount, jcount, kcount; /* dimensions of volume in rotated space */
double denom;
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_SHADOW, "FactorLightView\n"));
/* permute the rows of the viewing matrix according to the best viewing
axis for the viewing direction */
bzero(p, sizeof(vpMatrix4));
switch (vpc->best_view_axis) {
case VP_X_AXIS:
p[0][2] = 1.;
p[1][0] = 1.;
p[2][1] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = vpc->ylen;
jcount = vpc->zlen;
kcount = vpc->xlen;
break;
case VP_Y_AXIS:
p[0][1] = 1.;
p[1][2] = 1.;
p[2][0] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = vpc->zlen;
jcount = vpc->xlen;
kcount = vpc->ylen;
break;
case VP_Z_AXIS:
p[0][0] = 1.;
p[1][1] = 1.;
p[2][2] = 1.;
p[3][3] = 1.;
icount = vpc->xlen;
jcount = vpc->ylen;
kcount = vpc->zlen;
break;
}
vpMatrixMult4(pvm, vm, p);
/* compute the shear coefficients */
denom = pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][1] - pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][0];
if (fabs(denom) < VP_EPS)
return(VPSetError(vpc, VPERROR_SINGULAR));
vpc->shadow_shear_i = (pvm[0][2]*pvm[1][1] - pvm[0][1]*pvm[1][2]) / denom;
vpc->shadow_shear_j = (pvm[0][0]*pvm[1][2] - pvm[1][0]*pvm[0][2]) / denom;
/* check that light direction is compatible with compositing direction */
if (pvm[2][0]*vpc->shadow_shear_i + pvm[2][1]*vpc->shadow_shear_j -
pvm[2][2] > 0) {
if (vpc->reverse_slice_order != 0)
return(VPERROR_BAD_SHADOW);
} else {
if (vpc->reverse_slice_order != 1)
return(VPERROR_BAD_SHADOW);
}
/* compute the shadow buffer image size */
vpc->shadow_width = (int)ceil((kcount-1)*fabs(vpc->shadow_shear_i)) +
icount + 1;
vpc->shadow_height = (int)ceil((kcount-1)*fabs(vpc->shadow_shear_j)) +
jcount + 1;
/* compute the translation coefficients */
if (vpc->shadow_shear_i >= 0.)
vpc->shadow_trans_i = 1.;
else
vpc->shadow_trans_i = 1. - vpc->shadow_shear_i * (kcount - 1);
if (vpc->shadow_shear_j >= 0.)
vpc->shadow_trans_j = 1.;
else
vpc->shadow_trans_j = 1. - vpc->shadow_shear_j * (kcount - 1);
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_SHADOW, " shadow shear factors: %g %g\n",
vpc->shadow_shear_i, vpc->shadow_shear_j));
Debug((vpc, VPDEBUG_SHADOW, " shadow translation: %g %g\n",
vpc->shadow_trans_i, vpc->shadow_trans_j));
return(VP_OK);
}
/*
* CheckShadowBuffer
*
* Resize the shadow buffer, if necessary.
*/
static void
CheckShadowBuffer(vpc)
vpContext *vpc;
{
int new_max_width, new_max_height;
int resize = 0;
/* determine if resizing is necessary */
if (vpc->shadow_width > vpc->max_shadow_width) {
new_max_width = MAX(vpc->shadow_width, vpc->shadow_width_hint);
resize = 1;
} else {
new_max_width = MAX(vpc->max_shadow_width, vpc->shadow_width_hint);
}
if (vpc->shadow_height > vpc->max_shadow_height) {
new_max_height = MAX(vpc->shadow_height, vpc->shadow_height_hint);
resize = 1;
} else {
new_max_height = MAX(vpc->max_shadow_height, vpc->shadow_height_hint);
}
/* resize */
if (resize)
VPResizeShadowBuffer(vpc, new_max_width, new_max_height);
}
/*
* VPResizeShadowBuffer
*
* Resize the shadow buffer.
*/
void
VPResizeShadowBuffer(vpc, max_width, max_height)
vpContext *vpc;
int max_width; /* new width of the intermediate image */
int max_height; /* new height of the intermediate image */
{
/* free old buffers */
if (vpc->shadow_buffer != NULL) {
Dealloc(vpc, vpc->shadow_buffer);
}
/* allocate new buffers */
vpc->max_shadow_width = max_width;
vpc->max_shadow_height = max_height;
if (max_width > 0) {
Alloc(vpc, vpc->shadow_buffer, GrayIntPixel *,
max_width * max_height * sizeof(GrayIntPixel), "shadow_buffer");
} else {
vpc->shadow_buffer = NULL;
}
}
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