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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>VRweb FAQ for UNIX</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>VRweb FAQ for UNIX</h1>
<p>
<img width=129 height=40 SRC="http://hyperg.iicm.tu-graz.ac.at/vrweb-logo-small.gif">
<p>
Note: the newest version of this document is always available at <A HREF="http://www.iicm.edu/vrweb.FAQ.UNIX">http://www.iicm.edu/vrweb.FAQ.UNIX</A>
<p>
Recently added or updated questions/answers are marked with <strong>*</strong>.
<p>
<H1>Question Overview</h1>
<p>
<H2><A HREF="#downloading">Downloading</A></h2>
<p>
<ol>
<li>I have difficulties on downloading the binary.
<li>* Is there a VRweb version for system XXX?
<li>Is there anything in German/French/Italian/Spanish/...?
<li>What is the correct spelling of VRweb?
</ol>
<p>
<H2><A HREF="#getstarted">Getting started</A></h2>
<p>
<ol>
<li>How do I set up VRweb to run with my Web Browser?
<li>How do I set up VRweb to run with Harmony?
<li>How do I set up my Server to offer VRML scenes?
<li>How is compression handled?
<li>What does the error "no GLX extension on X-Display!" mean?
<li>I get an error about incompatible shared libraries.
<li>* Can I run VRweb under Linux-ELF?
<li>* VRweb crashes on my Linux/ELF machine immediately on startup
<li>VRweb crashes on my HPUX machine immediately on startup
<li>Does VRweb run behind a firewall? Is there proxy support?
<li>How do I get korean user interface?
<li>BSP mode crashes under Linux/ELF and FreeBSD.
<li>VRweb crashes (seg'fault) after writing "unable to open font"
<li>* Does VRweb support printing? editing?
<li>Where is the on-line help?
</ol>
<p>
<H2><A HREF="#sourcecode">Source Code Compilation</A></h2>
<p>
<ol>
<li>What means the error "Can't open include file 'XXX.cf'"
<li>What means "WARNING: OS release must be N.NN for XXX."
<li>Make reports syntax errors in the Makefile. What to do?
<li>g++ cannot find C++ inlcude files like <iostream.h>
<li>How can I tell the compiler where to find the X11 include files?
<li>g++ gives the error "`void ios::init(...)' is protected"
<li>g++ gives the error "`true' was not declared in this scope"
<li>I get the error "imake: No such file or directory: ... Stop."
<li>The compiler gets strange flags which I cannot find in config files.
<li>What means the error "no member function dprpcbuf::naccept"?
<li>I only get grey bars instead of menus on my Dec Alpha. Why that?
<li>* g++ fails on one source file with an Internal compiler error
<li>Why didn't you use Motif? What's it called again, "Interviews"?
</ol>
<p>
<H2><A HREF="#rendering">Rendering Questions</A></h2>
<p>
<ol>
<li>Where have the questions about hints/lighting/texturing gone?
<li>What is Mesa? Do you have an OpenGL version for system XXX?
<li>What means "NN out of 216 allocated colors do not match exactly."?
<li>VRweb/OpenGL shows up strange colors or all black. Why?
<li>VRweb/Mesa shows up strange colors or uses a "bad" visual.
<li>Can I "tune" the Mesa version to be somewhat faster?
<li>I want to take several screen dumps. Can I automate this?
</ol>
<p>
<!-- ********* -->
<p>
<HR>
<p>
<A Name="downloading"></A>
<H1>Downloading</h1>
<p>
<ol>
<li><strong>I have difficulties on downloading the binary.</strong>
<p>
Did you follow the instructions on the installation page? Make sure to
use binary ftp transfer mode. The binaries are distributed as gzipped
executables (no tar necessary); some browsers cut off the extension.
Compare the file size with the one listed in README-Unix.
<p>
If you download via your Web browser and you get the decompressed
binary as text use the option "save link as" (typically available with
the right mouse button).
<p>
<li><strong>* Is there a VRweb version for system XXX?</strong>
<p>
If it is not listed on the VRweb home page: not as precompiled binary.
However, you can compile the source yourself for your system (see
Q&A's below if you have problems). These include also systems like
Solaris x86, SCO UNIX, Novell Unixware. There were made some source
code patches for the latter two, however the config files have not yet
been upgraded.
<p>
Dec/Ultrix and Linux/Aout (upgrade to Linux/ELF) have been
discontinued in version 1.5; there is now a BSDI version instead of
FreeBSD. For further information see the VRweb home page and the table
of supported platforms.
<p>
<li><strong>Is there anything in German/French/Italian/Spanish/...?</strong>
<p>
The User interface was translated into German, French, Italian,
Spanish, Korean, and Japanese so far. Use the appropriate commandline
argument -lang german|french|italian|spanish|korean|japanese. Up to
now we did not have persons for translations into other languages or
keeping Web pages and Help files up to date in other languages than
English.
<p>
Please send mails to the VRweb mailing list in English only. Mails to
the developers may be sent in either English or German.
<p>
<li><strong>What is the correct spelling of VRweb?</strong>
<p>
Just VRweb, neither VRWeb, nor VR-web, nor VR-WEB, nor ... :-)
</ol>
<p>
<HR>
<p>
<A Name="getstarted"></A>
<H1>Getting started</h1>
<p>
<ol>
<li><strong>How do I set up VRweb to run with my Web Browser?</strong>
<p>
Follow the instructions on the installation page. Make sure to use the
full file name in your ~/.mailcap, e.g. vrweb-1.0BetaX-SystemY when
you did not rename the binary to a shorter name. The binary must have
execution rights and must be found in your PATH or you have to include
the full path of the binary. Yes, with your Web browser you need the
vrweb... binary; no, you cannot use harscened without Harmony, it will
just wait forever.
<p>
<li><strong>How do I set up VRweb to run with Harmony?</strong>
<p>
Copy the newest harscened version into $HARMONY_HOME/bin and rename it
to harscened. Next time you start harmony it will use the new VRweb
version.
<p>
<li><strong>How do I set up my Server to offer VRML scenes?</strong>
<p>
Hyper-G servers support VRML scenes as integral document type. For
other web servers you have to create a VRML mime type. It must declare
VRML files as x-world/x-vrml. See also next question.
<p>
<li><strong>How is compression handled?</strong>
<p>
Again, Hyper-G servers are automatically prepared for this: gzipped
VRML files are recognized as such. Be aware that there is no special
mime-type for gzipped VRML data, instead the normal type
x-world/x-vrml is used and the compression method x-gzip is reported
as such. Look into the <b>installation guide</b> (part of the online
help) for example mime type entries for different servers.
<p>
See also the <A HREF="http://vag.vrml.org/VRML_FAQ.html">VRML
FAQ</A> for further information.<br>
Both the UNIX and the Windows version of VRweb are able to gunzip
compressed VRML data themselves.
<p>
<li><strong>What does the error "no GLX extension on X-Display!" mean?</strong>
<p>
You are trying to run an OpenGL version on a non-OpenGL capable
display. See also Question <A HREF="#mesa">"What is Mesa?"</A>.
<p>
<li><strong>I get an error about incompatible shared libraries.</strong>
<p>
This occurs mainly for the Linux version (see also next question),
where system header files change quite often. The error message looks
like "using incompatible library '/lib/libm.so.4.5.XX' Desire minor
version >= 6 and found 5" or: "Undefined C library function: light C
shared image". You must either upgrade your OS or compile VRweb
yourself. If you have problem finding the appropriate shared
libraries, you can also contact us.
<p>
<li><strong>* Can I run VRweb under Linux-ELF?</strong>
<p>
The Linux binary of VRweb 1.5 is distributed in ELF format; support
for Aout has been discontinued (last binary: VRweb 1.3.2). If the
Linux/ELF binary crashes on your machine, it is probably a shared
library problem - see next question.
<p>
Old: Running AOUT versions under Linux ELF requires the X11 libraries
in AOUT format (when they're missing you get the error message "can't
load library '/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.6' -- Exec format error"). If
there is no libXt.so.6 (you can check which libs VRweb needs with the
ldd command) in directory /usr/i486-linuxaout/lib, you should download
the libs from
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/XFree86-3.1.2/a.out/X312lib.tgz
(or your nearest sunsite mirror) and gunzip/untar them in
/usr/i486-linuxaout.
<p>
<li><strong>* VRweb crashes on my Linux/ELF machine immediately on startup</strong>
<p>
Unfortunately, there seem to be compatibility problems (bugs?) among
different Linux shared library and kernel versions. Run
<code>uname -a</code> to get system information and
<code>ldd vrweb</code> to see resolved shared library references.
<p>
VRweb 1.5 was developed on a machine running kernel version 2.0.27
with the following shared library versions (crucial: libg++ and libc):
<pre>
libXmu.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXmu.so.6.0
libXext.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXext.so.6.1
libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6.1
libg++.so.27 => /usr/lib/libg++.so.27.2.1
libstdc++.so.27 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.27.2.1
libm.so.5 => /lib/libm.so.5.0.6
libc.so.5 => /lib/libc.so.5.4.13
libXt.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXt.so.6.0
libSM.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libSM.so.6.0
libICE.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libICE.so.6.0
</pre>
<p>
VRweb 1.3.x had to be compiled with libg++-2.7.2.1 because of troubles
with older libg++ / libc combinations. This libg++ version requires
libc-5.4.7 or above, so please upgrade your shared libraries to that
versions. If that is not possible for you, you may use the Linux/AOUT
version of VRweb 1.3.2 (provided you have installed the X11 libs in
AOUT format; see above) or compile the source code yourself.
<p>
<li><strong>VRweb crashes on my HPUX machine immediately on startup</strong>
<p>
On HPUX 9.01/9.05 machines you probably need to install system patch
number <code>PHCO_7747</code> for the libc library. The error occurs
first on loading the icon images, you can turn them off with the
Xattribute <code>Harmony.Scene*icons: off</code>. (Other HPUX patches
we have installed are PHCO_5791, PHCO_6425, PHCO_7155).
<p>
<li><strong>Does VRweb run behind a firewall? Is there proxy support?</strong>
<p>
Fetching of VRML worlds is done by your webbrowser which passes the
document to VRweb. For Inline scenes and texture images, VRweb tries
to connect directly via HTTP to the server, which is not possible
behind firewalls.
<p>
Proxy support is implemented in VRweb 1.3. So you are able to get
inlines/textures via a WWW proxy running on a firewall. Use option
-proxy host:port for configuration (for details see the online
help). Direct support for SOCKS in VRweb is not planned for the near
future. See Options/Networks/Proxies for your configuration in
netscape.
<p>
<li><strong>How do I get korean user interface?</strong>
<p>
Korean strings require different encodings in the InterViews library,
which is not fully implemented for all platforms yet: it is not yet
supported on SunOS (however for Solaris); for PC/Unix platforms
(Linux/FreeBSD) you need to download one of the binaries named
vrweb-1.3-mesa-korean-* (which in turn do not support other 8bit
languages).
<p>
To make it work, use vrweb -lang korean, set the LANG environment
variable appropriately, and define appropriate font sets as indicated
in SceneViewer.ad. Please note that we could make only few tests,
because most of our machines do not have the necessary configurations.
<p>
For the above reasons, the new encodings are not yet part of the
source code release. A Japanese GUI will probably follow in a future
version.
<p>
<li><strong>BSP mode crashes under Linux/ELF and FreeBSD.</strong>
<p>
This bug present in release 1.3 should be fixed in 1.3.1 now.
<p>
<li><strong>VRweb crashes (seg'fault) after writing "unable to open font"</strong>
<p>
A bug slipped into the InterViews GUI library on supporting
international font sets, causing a crash when the default fonts are
not found. First try if <code>vrweb -motif -font fixed</code>
works. As you wont be happy with the fixed font, set Xattributes for
<code>Harmony.Scene*font</code>, <code>Harmony*MenuBar.font</code>,
<code>Harmony*MenuItem.font</code>, and optionally
<code>Harmony*Button.font</code> (see SceneViewer.ad).
<p>
Also this bug should be fixed in 1.3.1.
<p>
<li><strong>* Does VRweb support printing? editing?</strong>
<p>
Implementation of <em>Printing</em> has relatively low priority,
sorry. Making a screendump with xv and printing it is relatively
simple (see also the question about screen dumps in the rendering
questions at the bottom). A better approach would be an off-screen
rendering which can be done at higher resolution and/or color depth.
Direct generation of PostScript (true vector graphics, resolution
independent) whould also be feasible, although harder.
<p>
<em>Editing</em> facilities are part of VRweb 1.5 (implemented by
Alexander Nußbaumer). See the online help for features and
limitations.
<p>
<li><strong>Where is the on-line help?</strong>
<p>
Here it is: it is included in the VRweb distribution as file
help.tar.gz. Unpack it as described in README-Unix or the Installation
page and browse install.html for installation instructions, and the
main page vrwebhlp.html as user-guide when VRweb is running.
</ol>
<p>
<HR>
<p>
<A Name="sourcecode"></A>
<H1>Source Code Compilation</h1>
<p>
<ol>
<li><strong>What means the error "Can't open include file 'XXX.cf'"</strong>
<p>
This is the X11 imake config file. We assume them to be installed in
directory /usr/lib/X11/config. If it is on another place on your
system, change this path in bin/scripts/hgmkmf (and on further
occurances in the configuration files). When you have root access, you
could also make a symbolic link from your X11 installation directory
to /usr/lib/X11. Future VRweb config environments may no longer need
this file.
<p>
<li><strong>What means "WARNING: OS release must be N.NN for XXX."</strong>
<p>
This means you could eventually run into problems, because you have
another OS release than we developed on (although there should be no
troubles to expect). bin/scripts/hgimake will make the specific
defines for the platform we compiled on, you may need to slightly
modify them. Be sure to run hgmkmf -a again after any changes in
configuration files or scripts to make changes take effect.
<p>
<li><strong>Make reports syntax errors in the Makefile. What to do?</strong>
<p>
You will need to use GNU make to compile VRweb 1.2. Make sure it
precedes your machine's native make command in the PATH. (We make use
of some features of GNU make for proper RCS handling of our sources.)
<p>
<li><strong>g++ cannot find C++ inlcude files like <iostream.h></strong>
<p>
Lets assume you have properly installed g++ and gcc-lib - you can test
this by compiling a simple test program like
<pre>#include <iostream.h>
void main () { cout << "hello world"; }</pre>
<p>
The config environment of VRweb 1.2 did include the switch -V2.6.3 to
eliminate problems specific to various gcc releases. If you never have
installed gcc 2.6.3 you must remove this switch from config/gcc.def.
VRweb 1.3 sources do no longer include the switch and were successfully
compiled with g++ 2.7.2.
<p>
<li><strong>How can I tell the compiler where to find the X11 include files?</strong>
<p>
Note: this question only applies to releases before 1.2. If not
handled properly by X11 config environment, define the X11 include
directory (to be accurate, the parent of the X11 subdir) in
config/params.h (somewhere at the beginning); e.g. on SUNs:
<pre>#define XIncDir /usr/openwin/include</pre>
<p>
<li><strong>g++ gives the error "`void ios::init(...)' is protected"</strong>
<p>
This is a g++ bug. g++ seems to be confused about multiple level
virtual base classes and protected member functions etc. The simplest
workaround we found, is to insert a line "public:" into
g++-include/streambuf.h to make the init function of class ios
accessible to derived classes (very near to the end of class ios).
<p>
<li><strong>g++ gives the error "`true' was not declared in this scope"</strong>
<p>
Newer releases of g++ have predefined constants for true and false. Go
into vrweb/include/hyperg/utils/types.h and reactivate true and false
definitons for g++ (should be near line 45).
<p>
<li><strong>I get the error "imake: No such file or directory: ... Stop."</strong>
<p>
This very strange error occured on a SUN, producing a lots of
successive errors like "makedepend: [mM]akefile is not present". It
happened that cpp was called in a wrong way or was not found by SUN's
native make command. Try to use GNU make instead by having the path of
it (`which gcc`) before /usr/ccs/bin.
<p>
<li><strong>The compiler gets strange flags which I cannot find in config files.</strong>
<p>
An example for this may be "EXTRA_CCFLAGS = -Aa +ESlit" on HPUX
machines. Such flags may come from X11 configuration files like
/usr/lib/X11/config/[sys].cf or xparams.cf.
<p>
You can override it by defining the appropriate mixed-case definition
for the preprocessor, e.g. #define ExtraCCFlags /**/ for the example
above, in vrweb/config/iv-[sys].cf (append it at the end).
<p>
This error should no longer occur with the configuration environment
introduced with VRweb 1.2.
<p>
<li><strong>What means the error "no member function dprpcbuf::naccept"?</strong>
<p>
These errors come from a #define accept naccept in sys/socket.h on
AIX. If you have root access you may wish to remove this define in
socket.h entirely. If not, add a line #undefine accept at the places
the compiler reports the errors (rpcbuf, Socket, INETSocket).
<p>
<li><strong>I only get grey bars instead of menus on my Dec Alpha. Why that?</strong>
<p>
This bug occurs when compiling Interviews with g++ 2.7.2 on Dec
Alpha or Linux Alpha machines.
<p>
To fix it, go into directory vrweb/iicmviews/lib/IV/ALPHA_GNU,
remove file xcanvas.o and compile it without -O2. Therefore
either call make -n xcanvas.o and copy the g++ line without
the -O2 flag or remove the -O2 flag from CCDRIVER = g++ -O2
in the Makefile.
<br>Then make libIV.a and link vrweb* in vrweb/scene/ALPHA_GNU.
<p>
<li><strong>* g++ fails on one source file with an Internal compiler error</strong>
<p>
We observed this occasionally, e.g. Mesa-2.1/src/readpix.c on Dec
Alpha. If there is no other specific error message, the error may go
away when compiling the appropriate source file without optimization.
Therefore change into the according directory (.../$CPU) and call
make. Copy and paste the failing compiler command line without any
<code>-O</code> flag and see if it works. Then run the makeall script
again to finish compilation.
<p>
<li><strong>Why didn't you use Motif? What's it called again, "Interviews"?</strong>
<p>
Motif would imply a runtime licence and we like you to use VRweb for
free. Also we made quite a lot changes and extensions to the original
Interviews library, so we call it from now "IICM-Views". Also
Interviews includes a very good and stable Dispatcher (at least since
our adaptions :-). If you really hate Interviews you are invited to
replace the user interface with another library - this is at least
possible, as the Windows version of VRweb uses the MS window classes
for the interface.
</ol><p><HR>
<p>
<A Name="rendering"></A>
<H1>Rendering Questions</h1>
<p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Where have the questions about hints/lighting/texturing gone?</strong>
<p>
As they apply to both the Windows and UNIX version of VRweb they have
been moved to a <A HREF="http://hyperg.iicm.tu-graz.ac.at/vrweb.FAQ.rendering">"VRweb
VRML Rendering FAQ"</A>.
<br>(See http://hyperg.iicm.tu-graz.ac.at/vrweb.FAQ.rendering.)
<p>
<li><A Name="mesa"></A><strong>What is Mesa? Do you have an OpenGL version for system XXX?</strong>
<p>
Mesa is a library that maps OpenGL graphic calls to the
X-protocol. You need it to get VRweb displayed on a non-OpenGL capable
machine. Mesa neither needs nor benefits from any special graphics
hardware. Do not expect the mesa version to run at speed of a hardware
acceleated OpenGL version (see also below how to "tune" the Mesa
version to your environment).<p><p>
We have compiled VRweb with OpenGL for SGI and Dec Alpha. (Almost) all
SGI machines include OpenGL support. On Dec Alpha, OpenGL is part of
the Open3D package. Run xdpyinfo on your display; it must list the
extension "GLX" to be OpenGL capable. If you have OpenGL support on
another platform and want to use it for VRweb, you will have to
compile the source code yourself.
<p>
<li><strong>What means "NN out of 216 allocated colors do not match exactly."?</strong>
<p>
It means that Mesa is unable to allocate all colors it would like
to. However these colors are approximated by the next available one,
to get the best possible output - this is a very user-friendly
behaviour as opposed to other programs.
<p>
To work against this, you can close other color intensive application
before starting VRweb or starting VRweb first. See also the question
dealing with visual selection below. If you wonder why you get this
message twice, see about "tuning" for Mesa below.
<p>
<li><strong>VRweb/OpenGL shows up strange colors or all black. Why?</strong>
<p>
VRweb does not change the color map between the main window (menus,
buttons) and the OpenGL window to avoid color-map flashing. The
drawback is that you may have to select an appropriate visual for the
main window by hand when the buttons/menus look right, but the scene
window shows up as "technicolor" or completely black. Most SGIs are
able to manage multiple color maps, so this error rarely occurs
there. On DEC Alpha 8bit displays you will need the argument -viusal
TrueColor (having 3+3+2 bits for RGB).
<p>
Some SGI entry systems however only support a double buffered RGB
visual with 4 bits (1+2+1 for RGB, with Z buffer in software), no
multiple colormaps. In this case you must either select the
appropriate visual for VRweb (-visual_id 0x..), or use single
buffering, or use the slower mesa version, or upgrade graphics HW, or
...
<p>
You can use xglinfo to get more information about your configuration
(available in source from ftp://sgigate.sgi.com/pub/opengl/contrib and
as precompiled binary in the VRweb distribution, subdir utils). It is
an extended version of xdpyinfo telling OpenGL Xvisual information.
Then you can compare it to the visual selection of VRweb (run vrweb
-verbose or vrweb -singlebuf -verbose).
<p>
<li><strong>VRweb/Mesa shows up strange colors or uses a "bad" visual.</strong>
<p>
For OpenGL, VRweb relies on the visual selection mechanism of
OpenGL. It requires a double buffered TrueColor RGB visual with depth
buffer. You may get a visual with greater color depth by using command
line option -singlebuf (turns of double buffering).
<p>
For Mesa, VRweb always uses the default visual of your Xserver (it is
listed with the xdpyinfo command). The advantage is that no color map
flashing ("technicolor") occurs this way on 8 bit displays.
<p>
If you want VRweb to use another visual you can give the type with
argument -visual (available: PseudoColor, TrueColor, DirectColor) or
the exact visual id with argument -visual_id (e.g. 0x31, see
xdpyinfo). Future versions may include an option for installing a
private colormap. The MESA* environment variables used by other
applications based on Mesa are not supported in this release (they are
not part of the Mesa GL/GLU core libraries).
<p>
If scenes are too dark, the Mesa version offers a gamma correction
(many scenes are originally designed for SGIs where Xservers do gamma
correction). Set enironment variable MESA_GAMMA as described in the
on-line help under "Display Settings". You may alternatively try to turn
on the headlight and adjust its color.
<p>
<li><strong>Can I "tune" the Mesa version to be somewhat faster?</strong>
<p>
If you have upgraded from earlier versions, you will have noticed that
Mesa gets improved from version to version (VRweb 1.5 uses Mesa 2.1).
However, of course, it cannot compete with hardware accelerated
graphics systems. There are several aspects that determine how fast
Mesa will be:
<p>
<ul>
<li>the visual depth (see question above about
how to choose it): 8bit PseudoColor (even dithered) is faster than
24bit TrueColor
<p>
<li>usage of double buffering (option -singlebuf to turn it off):
normally faster in double buffer mode
<p>
<li>which backbuffer is used:
<br>-mesabackbuf pixmap: fast for small scenes and for wireframes
<br>-mesabackbuf image: fast for local display (shared memory usage)
<br>-mesabackbuf auto: chooses image for shadings, pixmap for wireframes
<p>
<li>the complexity of the scene
<p>
<li>whether VRweb is run and displayed locally or remote etc. For
remote display a pixmap backbufer may be faster.<p></ul>
<p>
The default settings should give you almost the fastest display under
most circumstances. For special situation however, you can experiment
with the settings. By default, VRweb switches to wireframe while
navigating through the scene.
<p>
<li><strong>I want to take several screen dumps. Can I automate this?</strong>
<p>
A bit. With <code>vrweb -getRemoteID</code> you get the Xwindow ID of
a running VRweb instance on your screen, which you can pass to
<code>xwd</code> (X window dump; convertable with xv and netpbm
package) or to other X11 utility programs (e.g. xwininfo). Example:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
for f
do
vrweb -remote $f &
sleep 5
xwd -id `vrweb -getRemoteID` > $f.xwd
done
</pre>
</ol>
<p>
<HR>
<p align=right>
Last updated: Michael Pichler, May 28, 1997.</p>
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