/*
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2025 The Khronos Group Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2025 Valve Corporation
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2025 LunarG, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2025 Google, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 */

#include <thread>
#include "../framework/layer_validation_tests.h"
#include "../framework/pipeline_helper.h"
#include "../framework/descriptor_helper.h"
#include "../framework/render_pass_helper.h"
#include "../framework/ray_tracing_objects.h"
#include "error_message/log_message_type.h"

class PositiveDescriptors : public VkLayerTest {};

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, CopyNonupdatedDescriptors) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Copy non-updated descriptors");
    unsigned int i;

    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    OneOffDescriptorSet src_descriptor_set(m_device, {
                                                         {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                         {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                         {2, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                     });
    OneOffDescriptorSet dst_descriptor_set(m_device, {
                                                         {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                         {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                     });

    const unsigned int copy_size = 2;
    VkCopyDescriptorSet copy_ds_update[copy_size];
    memset(copy_ds_update, 0, sizeof(copy_ds_update));
    for (i = 0; i < copy_size; i++) {
        copy_ds_update[i] = vku::InitStructHelper();
        copy_ds_update[i].srcSet = src_descriptor_set.set_;
        copy_ds_update[i].srcBinding = i;
        copy_ds_update[i].dstSet = dst_descriptor_set.set_;
        copy_ds_update[i].dstBinding = i;
        copy_ds_update[i].descriptorCount = 1;
    }
    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 0, NULL, copy_size, copy_ds_update);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DeleteDescriptorSetLayoutsBeforeDescriptorSets) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Create DSLayouts and DescriptorSets and then delete the DSLayouts before the DescriptorSets.");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();
    VkResult err;

    VkDescriptorPoolSize ds_type_count = {};
    ds_type_count.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER;
    ds_type_count.descriptorCount = 1;

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    ds_pool_ci.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT;
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 1;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 1;
    ds_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = &ds_type_count;

    vkt::DescriptorPool ds_pool_one(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding dsl_binding = {};
    dsl_binding.binding = 0;
    dsl_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER;
    dsl_binding.descriptorCount = 1;
    dsl_binding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    dsl_binding.pImmutableSamplers = NULL;

    VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
    {
        const vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout(*m_device, {dsl_binding});

        VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo alloc_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
        alloc_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;
        alloc_info.descriptorPool = ds_pool_one;
        alloc_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout.handle();
        err = vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &alloc_info, &descriptorSet);
        ASSERT_EQ(VK_SUCCESS, err);
    }  // ds_layout destroyed
    vk::FreeDescriptorSets(device(), ds_pool_one, 1, &descriptorSet);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, PoolSizeCountZero) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Allow poolSizeCount to zero.");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 1;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 0;
    vkt::DescriptorPool ds_pool_one(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, IgnoreUnrelatedDescriptor) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION(
        "Ensure that the vkUpdateDescriptorSets validation code is ignoring VkWriteDescriptorSet members that are not related to "
        "the descriptor type specified by VkWriteDescriptorSet::descriptorType.  Correct validation behavior will result in the "
        "test running to completion without validation errors.");

    const uintptr_t invalid_ptr = 0xcdcdcdcd;

    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    const VkFormat format_texel_case = VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
    if (!BufferFormatAndFeaturesSupported(Gpu(), format_texel_case, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT)) {
        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test requires support for VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT";
    }

    // Image Case
    {
        vkt::Image image(*m_device, 32, 32, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT);
        vkt::ImageView view = image.CreateView();

        OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device, {
                                                         {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                     });

        VkDescriptorImageInfo image_info = {};
        image_info.imageView = view;
        image_info.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

        VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
        descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_set.set_;
        descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;
        descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
        descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE;
        descriptor_write.pImageInfo = &image_info;

        // Set pBufferInfo and pTexelBufferView to invalid values, which should
        // be
        //  ignored for descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE.
        // This will most likely produce a crash if the parameter_validation
        // layer
        // does not correctly ignore pBufferInfo.
        descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = reinterpret_cast<const VkDescriptorBufferInfo *>(invalid_ptr);
        descriptor_write.pTexelBufferView = reinterpret_cast<const VkBufferView *>(invalid_ptr);

        vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, NULL);
    }

    // Buffer Case
    {
        vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, 1024, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT);

        OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device, {
                                                         {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                     });

        VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer_info = {};
        buffer_info.buffer = buffer;
        buffer_info.offset = 0;
        buffer_info.range = 1024;

        VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
        descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_set.set_;
        descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;
        descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
        descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
        descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = &buffer_info;

        // Set pImageInfo and pTexelBufferView to invalid values, which should
        // be
        //  ignored for descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER.
        // This will most likely produce a crash if the parameter_validation
        // layer
        // does not correctly ignore pImageInfo.
        descriptor_write.pImageInfo = reinterpret_cast<const VkDescriptorImageInfo *>(invalid_ptr);
        descriptor_write.pTexelBufferView = reinterpret_cast<const VkBufferView *>(invalid_ptr);

        vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, NULL);
    }

    // Texel Buffer Case
    {
        vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, 1024, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT);
        vkt::BufferView buffer_view(*m_device, buffer, format_texel_case);

        OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                           {
                                               {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                           });

        VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
        descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_set.set_;
        descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;
        descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
        descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER;
        descriptor_write.pTexelBufferView = &buffer_view.handle();

        // Set pImageInfo and pBufferInfo to invalid values, which should be
        //  ignored for descriptorType ==
        //  VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER.
        // This will most likely produce a crash if the parameter_validation
        // layer
        // does not correctly ignore pImageInfo and pBufferInfo.
        descriptor_write.pImageInfo = reinterpret_cast<const VkDescriptorImageInfo *>(invalid_ptr);
        descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = reinterpret_cast<const VkDescriptorBufferInfo *>(invalid_ptr);

        vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, NULL);
    }
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, ImmutableSamplerOnlyDescriptor) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Bind a DescriptorSet with an immutable sampler and make sure that we don't warn for no update.");

    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    auto image_create_info = vkt::Image::ImageCreateInfo2D(32, 32, 1, 3, format, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT);
    vkt::Image image(*m_device, image_create_info, vkt::set_layout);
    vkt::ImageView image_view = image.CreateView(VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D, 0, 1, 0, 1);

    vkt::Sampler sampler(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());

    // binding 0 uses an immutable sampler: if the sampler handler is not passed then there should be a missing update error.
    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                       {
                                           {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, &sampler.handle()},
                                           {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                       });

    descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorImageInfo(1, image_view, VK_NULL_HANDLE, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE,
                                            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
    descriptor_set.UpdateDescriptorSets();

    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout(*m_device, {&descriptor_set.layout_});

    char const *fsSource = R"glsl(
        #version 450
        layout(location=0) out vec4 x;
        layout(set=0, binding=0) uniform sampler immutableSampler;
        layout(set=0, binding=1) uniform texture2D inputTexture;

        void main(){
           x = texture(sampler2D(inputTexture, immutableSampler), vec2(0.0, 0.0));
        }
    )glsl";
    VkShaderObj vs(this, kVertexMinimalGlsl, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
    VkShaderObj fs(this, fsSource, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

    CreatePipelineHelper pipe(*this);
    pipe.shader_stages_ = {vs.GetStageCreateInfo(), fs.GetStageCreateInfo()};
    pipe.pipeline_layout_ = vkt::PipelineLayout(*m_device, {&descriptor_set.layout_});
    pipe.CreateGraphicsPipeline();

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    m_command_buffer.BeginRenderPass(m_renderPassBeginInfo);

    vk::CmdBindPipeline(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe);

    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &descriptor_set.set_, 0,
                              nullptr);
    vk::CmdDraw(m_command_buffer, 1, 0, 0, 0);

    m_command_buffer.EndRenderPass();
    m_command_buffer.End();

    sampler.destroy();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, EmptyDescriptorUpdate) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Update last descriptor in a set that includes an empty binding");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    // Create layout with two uniform buffer descriptors w/ empty binding between them
    OneOffDescriptorSet ds(m_device, {
                                         {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                         {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0 /*!*/, 0, nullptr},
                                         {2, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                     });
    vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, 256, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Only update the descriptor at binding 2
    VkDescriptorBufferInfo buff_info = {};
    buff_info.buffer = buffer;
    buff_info.offset = 0;
    buff_info.range = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
    descriptor_write.dstBinding = 2;
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptor_write.pTexelBufferView = nullptr;
    descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = &buff_info;
    descriptor_write.pImageInfo = nullptr;
    descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    descriptor_write.dstSet = ds.set_;

    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, NULL);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DynamicOffsetWithInactiveBinding) {
    // Create a descriptorSet w/ dynamic descriptors where 1 binding is inactive
    // We previously had a bug where dynamic offset of inactive bindings was still being used

    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                       {
                                           {2, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                           {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                           {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                       });

    // Create two buffers to update the descriptors with
    // The first will be 2k and used for bindings 0 & 1, the second is 1k for binding 2
    vkt::Buffer dynamic_uniform_buffer_1(*m_device, 2048, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT);
    vkt::Buffer dynamic_uniform_buffer_2(*m_device, 1024, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Update descriptors
    const uint32_t BINDING_COUNT = 3;
    VkDescriptorBufferInfo buff_info[BINDING_COUNT] = {};
    buff_info[0].buffer = dynamic_uniform_buffer_1;
    buff_info[0].offset = 0;
    buff_info[0].range = 256;
    buff_info[1].buffer = dynamic_uniform_buffer_1;
    buff_info[1].offset = 256;
    buff_info[1].range = 512;
    buff_info[2].buffer = dynamic_uniform_buffer_2;
    buff_info[2].offset = 0;
    buff_info[2].range = 512;

    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
    descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_set.set_;
    descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = BINDING_COUNT;
    descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC;
    descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = buff_info;

    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, NULL);

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    m_command_buffer.BeginRenderPass(m_renderPassBeginInfo);

    // Create PSO to be used for draw-time errors below
    char const *fsSource = R"glsl(
        #version 450
        layout(location=0) out vec4 x;
        layout(set=0) layout(binding=0) uniform foo1 { int x; int y; } bar1;
        layout(set=0) layout(binding=2) uniform foo2 { int x; int y; } bar2;
        void main(){
           x = vec4(bar1.y) + vec4(bar2.y);
        }
    )glsl";
    VkShaderObj vs(this, kVertexMinimalGlsl, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
    VkShaderObj fs(this, fsSource, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

    CreatePipelineHelper pipe(*this);
    pipe.shader_stages_ = {vs.GetStageCreateInfo(), fs.GetStageCreateInfo()};
    pipe.pipeline_layout_ = vkt::PipelineLayout(*m_device, {&descriptor_set.layout_});
    pipe.CreateGraphicsPipeline();

    vk::CmdBindPipeline(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe);
    // This update should succeed, but offset of inactive binding 1 oversteps binding 2 buffer size
    //   we used to have a bug in this case.
    uint32_t dyn_off[BINDING_COUNT] = {0, 1024, 256};
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe.pipeline_layout_, 0, 1, &descriptor_set.set_,
                              BINDING_COUNT, dyn_off);
    vk::CmdDraw(m_command_buffer, 1, 0, 0, 0);

    m_command_buffer.EndRenderPass();
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, CopyMutableDescriptors) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Copy mutable descriptors.");

    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_MUTABLE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::mutableDescriptorType);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    VkDescriptorType descriptor_types[] = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER};

    VkMutableDescriptorTypeListEXT mutable_descriptor_type_lists[2] = {};
    mutable_descriptor_type_lists[0].descriptorTypeCount = 2;
    mutable_descriptor_type_lists[0].pDescriptorTypes = descriptor_types;
    mutable_descriptor_type_lists[1].descriptorTypeCount = 0;
    mutable_descriptor_type_lists[1].pDescriptorTypes = nullptr;

    VkMutableDescriptorTypeCreateInfoEXT mdtci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    mdtci.mutableDescriptorTypeListCount = 2;
    mdtci.pMutableDescriptorTypeLists = mutable_descriptor_type_lists;

    VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[2] = {};
    pool_sizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    pool_sizes[0].descriptorCount = 2;
    pool_sizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT;
    pool_sizes[1].descriptorCount = 2;

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper(&mdtci);
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes;

    vkt::DescriptorPool pool(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding bindings[2] = {};
    bindings[0].binding = 0;
    bindings[0].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT;
    bindings[0].descriptorCount = 1;
    bindings[0].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    bindings[0].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
    bindings[1].binding = 1;
    bindings[1].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    bindings[1].descriptorCount = 1;
    bindings[1].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    bindings[1].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo create_info = vku::InitStructHelper(&mdtci);
    create_info.bindingCount = 2;
    create_info.pBindings = bindings;

    vkt::DescriptorSetLayout set_layout(*m_device, create_info);
    VkDescriptorSetLayout set_layout_handle = set_layout;

    VkDescriptorSetLayout layouts[2] = {set_layout_handle, set_layout_handle};

    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocate_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
    allocate_info.descriptorPool = pool;
    allocate_info.descriptorSetCount = 2;
    allocate_info.pSetLayouts = layouts;

    VkDescriptorSet descriptor_sets[2];
    VkResult result = vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &allocate_info, descriptor_sets);
    if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY) {
        GTEST_SKIP() << "Pool memory not allocated";
    }
    vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, 32, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT);

    VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer_info = {};
    buffer_info.buffer = buffer;
    buffer_info.offset = 0;
    buffer_info.range = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;

    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
    descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_sets[0];
    descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = &buffer_info;

    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);

    VkCopyDescriptorSet copy_set = vku::InitStructHelper();
    copy_set.srcSet = descriptor_sets[0];
    copy_set.srcBinding = 0;
    copy_set.dstSet = descriptor_sets[1];
    copy_set.dstBinding = 1;
    copy_set.descriptorCount = 1;

    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 0, nullptr, 1, &copy_set);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DescriptorSetCompatibilityMutableDescriptors) {
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_MUTABLE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::mutableDescriptorType);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    // Make sure we check the contents of this list and not just if the order happens to match
    // (We sort these internally so this should work)
    VkDescriptorType descriptor_types_0[] = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER};
    VkDescriptorType descriptor_types_1[] = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER};

    VkMutableDescriptorTypeListEXT type_list = {};
    type_list.descriptorTypeCount = 2;
    type_list.pDescriptorTypes = descriptor_types_0;

    VkMutableDescriptorTypeCreateInfoEXT mdtci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    mdtci.mutableDescriptorTypeListCount = 1;
    mdtci.pMutableDescriptorTypeLists = &type_list;

    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set_0(m_device, {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, nullptr}},
                                         0, &mdtci);
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout_0(*m_device, {&descriptor_set_0.layout_});

    type_list.pDescriptorTypes = descriptor_types_1;
    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set_1(m_device, {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, nullptr}},
                                         0, &mdtci);
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout_1(*m_device, {&descriptor_set_1.layout_});

    vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, 32, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT);
    descriptor_set_0.WriteDescriptorBufferInfo(0, buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER);
    descriptor_set_0.UpdateDescriptorSets();
    descriptor_set_1.WriteDescriptorBufferInfo(0, buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER);
    descriptor_set_1.UpdateDescriptorSets();

    char const *cs_source = R"glsl(
        #version 450
        layout(set = 0, binding = 0) buffer SSBO {
            uint a;
        };
        void main() {
            a = 0;
        }
    )glsl";

    CreateComputePipelineHelper pipeline(*this);
    pipeline.cs_ = VkShaderObj(this, cs_source, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT);
    pipeline.cp_ci_.layout = pipeline_layout_0;
    pipeline.CreateComputePipeline();

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline_layout_1, 0, 1, &descriptor_set_1.set_, 0,
                              nullptr);
    vk::CmdBindPipeline(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline);
    vk::CmdDispatch(m_command_buffer, 1, 1, 1);
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, CopyAccelerationStructureMutableDescriptors) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Copy acceleration structure descriptor in a mutable descriptor.");

    SetTargetApiVersion(VK_API_VERSION_1_1);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_MUTABLE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::mutableDescriptorType);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::accelerationStructure);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::bufferDeviceAddress);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    std::array descriptor_types = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR};

    VkMutableDescriptorTypeListEXT mutable_descriptor_type_list = {};
    mutable_descriptor_type_list.descriptorTypeCount = descriptor_types.size();
    mutable_descriptor_type_list.pDescriptorTypes = descriptor_types.data();

    VkMutableDescriptorTypeCreateInfoEXT mdtci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    mdtci.mutableDescriptorTypeListCount = 1;
    mdtci.pMutableDescriptorTypeLists = &mutable_descriptor_type_list;

    std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, 2> pool_sizes = {};
    pool_sizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR;
    pool_sizes[0].descriptorCount = 1;
    pool_sizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT;
    pool_sizes[1].descriptorCount = 1;

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper(&mdtci);
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = pool_sizes.size();
    ds_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes.data();

    vkt::DescriptorPool pool(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);

    std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 2> bindings = {};
    bindings[0].binding = 0;
    bindings[0].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT;
    bindings[0].descriptorCount = 1;
    bindings[0].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    bindings[0].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
    bindings[1].binding = 1;
    bindings[1].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR;
    bindings[1].descriptorCount = 1;
    bindings[1].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    bindings[1].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo create_info = vku::InitStructHelper(&mdtci);
    create_info.bindingCount = bindings.size();
    create_info.pBindings = bindings.data();

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport dsl_support = vku::InitStructHelper();
    vk::GetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport(device(), &create_info, &dsl_support);
    if (!dsl_support.supported) {
        GTEST_SKIP() << "Acceleration Structure not supported for mutable";
    }

    vkt::DescriptorSetLayout set_layout(*m_device, create_info);

    std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayout, 2> layouts = {set_layout, set_layout};

    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocate_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
    allocate_info.descriptorPool = pool;
    allocate_info.descriptorSetCount = layouts.size();
    allocate_info.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();

    std::array<VkDescriptorSet, layouts.size()> descriptor_sets;
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &allocate_info, descriptor_sets.data());

    auto tlas = vkt::as::blueprint::AccelStructSimpleOnDeviceTopLevel(*m_device, 4096);
    tlas->Create();

    VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureKHR blas_descriptor = vku::InitStructHelper();
    blas_descriptor.accelerationStructureCount = 1;
    blas_descriptor.pAccelerationStructures = &tlas->handle();

    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper(&blas_descriptor);
    descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_sets[0];
    descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = blas_descriptor.accelerationStructureCount;
    descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR;
    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);

    VkCopyDescriptorSet copy_set = vku::InitStructHelper();
    copy_set.srcSet = descriptor_sets[0];
    copy_set.srcBinding = 0;
    copy_set.dstSet = descriptor_sets[1];
    copy_set.dstBinding = 1;
    copy_set.descriptorCount = 1;

    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 0, nullptr, 1, &copy_set);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, AccelerationStructureTemplates) {
    SetTargetApiVersion(VK_API_VERSION_1_1);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::accelerationStructure);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::bufferDeviceAddress);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    auto tlas_0 = vkt::as::blueprint::AccelStructSimpleOnDeviceTopLevel(*m_device, 4096);
    tlas_0->Create();
    auto tlas_1 = vkt::as::blueprint::AccelStructSimpleOnDeviceTopLevel(*m_device, 4096);
    tlas_1->Create();
    VkAccelerationStructureKHR accel_structures[2] = {*tlas_0, *tlas_1};

    {
        OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                           {
                                               {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                               {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                           });

        struct SimpleTemplateData {
            VkAccelerationStructureKHR as[2];
        };

        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry update_template_entry = {};
        update_template_entry.dstBinding = 0;
        update_template_entry.dstArrayElement = 0;
        update_template_entry.descriptorCount = 2;
        update_template_entry.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR;
        update_template_entry.offset = 0;
        update_template_entry.stride = sizeof(VkAccelerationStructureKHR);

        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo update_template_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
        update_template_ci.descriptorUpdateEntryCount = 1;
        update_template_ci.pDescriptorUpdateEntries = &update_template_entry;
        update_template_ci.templateType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
        update_template_ci.descriptorSetLayout = descriptor_set.layout_;
        vkt::DescriptorUpdateTemplate update_template(*m_device, update_template_ci);

        SimpleTemplateData update_template_data;
        update_template_data.as[0] = accel_structures[0];
        update_template_data.as[1] = accel_structures[1];
        vk::UpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate(device(), descriptor_set.set_, update_template, &update_template_data);
    }

    {
        OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                           {
                                               {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR, 2, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                           });

        struct SimpleTemplateData {
            VkAccelerationStructureKHR as;
        };

        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry update_template_entry = {};
        update_template_entry.dstBinding = 0;
        update_template_entry.dstArrayElement = 0;
        update_template_entry.descriptorCount = 2;
        update_template_entry.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR;
        update_template_entry.offset = 0;
        update_template_entry.stride = sizeof(SimpleTemplateData);

        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo update_template_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
        update_template_ci.descriptorUpdateEntryCount = 1;
        update_template_ci.pDescriptorUpdateEntries = &update_template_entry;
        update_template_ci.templateType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
        update_template_ci.descriptorSetLayout = descriptor_set.layout_;
        vkt::DescriptorUpdateTemplate update_template(*m_device, update_template_ci);

        SimpleTemplateData update_template_data[2];
        update_template_data[0].as = accel_structures[0];
        update_template_data[1].as = accel_structures[1];
        vk::UpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate(device(), descriptor_set.set_, update_template, update_template_data);
    }
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, ImageViewAsDescriptorReadAndInputAttachment) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Test reading from a descriptor that uses same image view as framebuffer input attachment");

    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    const VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;

    RenderPassSingleSubpass rp(*this);
    rp.AddAttachmentDescription(format, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED);
    rp.AddAttachmentReference({0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL});
    rp.AddInputAttachment(0);
    rp.CreateRenderPass();

    auto image_create_info =
        vkt::Image::ImageCreateInfo2D(32, 32, 1, 3, format, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT);
    vkt::Image image(*m_device, image_create_info, vkt::set_layout);
    vkt::ImageView image_view = image.CreateView(VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D, 0, 1, 0, 1);
    VkImageView image_view_handle = image_view;
    vkt::Sampler sampler(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());

    vkt::Framebuffer framebuffer(*m_device, rp, 1, &image_view_handle);

    char const *fsSource = R"glsl(
            #version 450
            layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
            layout(set = 0, binding = 0, rgba8) readonly uniform image2D image1;
            layout(set = 1, binding = 0, input_attachment_index = 0) uniform subpassInput inputColor;
            void main(){
                color = subpassLoad(inputColor) + imageLoad(image1, ivec2(0));
            }
        )glsl";

    VkShaderObj fs(this, fsSource, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding layout_binding = {};
    layout_binding.binding = 0;
    layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE;
    layout_binding.descriptorCount = 1;
    layout_binding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
    layout_binding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
    const vkt::DescriptorSetLayout descriptor_set_layout(*m_device, {layout_binding});
    layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT;
    const vkt::DescriptorSetLayout descriptor_set_layout2(*m_device, {layout_binding});

    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout(*m_device, {&descriptor_set_layout, &descriptor_set_layout2});
    CreatePipelineHelper pipe(*this);
    pipe.shader_stages_[1] = fs.GetStageCreateInfo();
    pipe.gp_ci_.layout = pipeline_layout;
    pipe.gp_ci_.renderPass = rp;
    pipe.CreateGraphicsPipeline();

    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                       {
                                           {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                       });
    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set2(m_device,
                                        {
                                            {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                        });
    descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorImageInfo(0, image_view, sampler, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
    descriptor_set.UpdateDescriptorSets();
    descriptor_set2.WriteDescriptorImageInfo(0, image_view, sampler, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
    descriptor_set2.UpdateDescriptorSets();

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    m_command_buffer.BeginRenderPass(rp, framebuffer, 32, 32, 1, m_renderPassClearValues.data());
    vk::CmdBindPipeline(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe);
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &descriptor_set.set_, 0,
                              nullptr);
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 1, 1, &descriptor_set2.set_, 0,
                              nullptr);
    vk::CmdDraw(m_command_buffer, 3, 1, 0, 0);
    m_command_buffer.EndRenderPass();
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, UpdateImageDescriptorSetThatHasImageViewUsage) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Update a descriptor set with an image view that includes VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo");

    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    vkt::Image image(*m_device, 32, 32, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT);

    VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo image_view_usage_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    image_view_usage_ci.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
    vkt::ImageView image_view = image.CreateView(VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, &image_view_usage_ci);
    vkt::Sampler sampler(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds(m_device, {
                                         {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 2, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                     });
    ds.WriteDescriptorImageInfo(0, image_view, sampler, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER);
    ds.UpdateDescriptorSets();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, MultipleThreadsUsingHostOnlyDescriptorSet) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Test using host only descriptor set in multiple threads");

    SetTargetApiVersion(VK_API_VERSION_1_1);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_MUTABLE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::mutableDescriptorType);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    vkt::Image image1(*m_device, 32, 32, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT);
    vkt::Image image2(*m_device, 32, 32, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT);

    vkt::ImageView view1 = image1.CreateView();
    vkt::ImageView view2 = image2.CreateView();

    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                       {
                                           {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 2, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                       },
                                       VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_POOL_BIT_EXT, nullptr,
                                       VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_BIT_EXT);

    const auto &testing_thread1 = [&]() {
        VkDescriptorImageInfo image_info = {};
        image_info.imageView = view1;
        image_info.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

        VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
        descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_set.set_;
        descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;
        descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
        descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE;
        descriptor_write.pImageInfo = &image_info;

        vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);
    };
    const auto &testing_thread2 = [&]() {
        VkDescriptorImageInfo image_info = {};
        image_info.imageView = view2;
        image_info.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

        VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
        descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_set.set_;
        descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;
        descriptor_write.dstArrayElement = 1;
        descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
        descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE;
        descriptor_write.pImageInfo = &image_info;

        vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);
    };

    std::array<std::thread, 2> threads = {std::thread(testing_thread1), std::thread(testing_thread2)};
    for (auto &t : threads) t.join();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, BindingEmptyDescriptorSets) {
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    OneOffDescriptorSet empty_ds(m_device, {});
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout(*m_device, {&empty_ds.layout_});

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &empty_ds.set_, 0, nullptr);
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DrawingWithUnboundUnusedSetWithInputAttachments) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION(
        "Test issuing draw command with pipeline layout that has 2 descriptor sets with input attachment descriptors. "
        "The second descriptor set is unused and unbound. Its purpose is to catch regression of the following bug or similar "
        "issues when accessing unbound set: https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers/pull/4576");

    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    const uint32_t width = m_width;
    const uint32_t height = m_height;
    const VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    const VkImageUsageFlags usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT;

    vkt::Image image_input(*m_device, width, height, format, usage);
    vkt::ImageView view_input = image_input.CreateView();

    // Create render pass with a subpass that has input attachment.
    RenderPassSingleSubpass rp(*this);
    rp.AddAttachmentDescription(format, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED);
    rp.AddAttachmentReference({0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL});
    rp.AddInputAttachment(0);
    rp.CreateRenderPass();

    vkt::Framebuffer fb(*m_device, rp, 1, &view_input.handle(), width, height);

    char const *fsSource = R"glsl(
        #version 450
        layout(input_attachment_index=0, set=0, binding=0) uniform subpassInput x;
        void main() {
        vec4 color = subpassLoad(x);
        }
    )glsl";
    VkShaderObj fs(this, fsSource, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

    const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding binding = {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr};
    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device, {binding});
    descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorImageInfo(0, view_input, VK_NULL_HANDLE, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT,
                                            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
    descriptor_set.UpdateDescriptorSets();
    const vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout_unused(*m_device, {binding});
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout(*m_device, {&descriptor_set.layout_, &ds_layout_unused});

    CreatePipelineHelper pipe(*this);
    pipe.shader_stages_[1] = fs.GetStageCreateInfo();
    pipe.gp_ci_.layout = pipeline_layout;
    pipe.gp_ci_.renderPass = rp;
    pipe.CreateGraphicsPipeline();

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    m_renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = rp;
    m_renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = fb;
    m_command_buffer.BeginRenderPass(m_renderPassBeginInfo);
    vk::CmdBindPipeline(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe);
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &descriptor_set.set_, 0,
                              nullptr);

    // This draw command will likely produce a crash in case of a regression.
    vk::CmdDraw(m_command_buffer, 1, 0, 0, 0);

    m_command_buffer.EndRenderPass();
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, UpdateDescritorSetsNoLongerInUse) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Use descriptor in the draw call and then update descriptor when it is no longer in use");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    vkt::CommandBuffer cb0(*m_device, m_command_pool);
    vkt::CommandBuffer cb1(*m_device, m_command_pool);

    for (int mode = 0; mode < 2; mode++) {
        const bool use_single_command_buffer = (mode == 0);
        //
        // Create resources.
        //
        const VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_size = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 2};
        VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptor_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
        descriptor_pool_ci.flags = 0;
        descriptor_pool_ci.maxSets = 2;
        descriptor_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 1;
        descriptor_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = &pool_size;
        vkt::DescriptorPool pool(*m_device, descriptor_pool_ci);

        const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding binding = {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
                                                      nullptr};
        VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo set_layout_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
        set_layout_ci.flags = 0;
        set_layout_ci.bindingCount = 1;
        set_layout_ci.pBindings = &binding;
        vkt::DescriptorSetLayout set_layout(*m_device, set_layout_ci);

        VkDescriptorSet set_A = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VkDescriptorSet set_B = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        {
            const VkDescriptorSetLayout set_layouts[2] = {set_layout, set_layout};
            VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo set_alloc_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
            set_alloc_info.descriptorPool = pool;
            set_alloc_info.descriptorSetCount = 2;
            set_alloc_info.pSetLayouts = set_layouts;
            VkDescriptorSet sets[2] = {};
            ASSERT_EQ(VK_SUCCESS, vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &set_alloc_info, sets));
            set_A = sets[0];
            set_B = sets[1];
        }

        VkBufferCreateInfo buffer_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
        buffer_ci.size = 1024;
        buffer_ci.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT;
        vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, buffer_ci, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);

        VkShaderObj fs(this, kFragmentUniformGlsl, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipeline_layout_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
        pipeline_layout_ci.setLayoutCount = 1;
        pipeline_layout_ci.pSetLayouts = &set_layout.handle();
        vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout(*m_device, pipeline_layout_ci);

        CreatePipelineHelper pipe(*this);
        pipe.shader_stages_[1] = fs.GetStageCreateInfo();
        pipe.gp_ci_.layout = pipeline_layout;
        pipe.CreateGraphicsPipeline();

        auto update_set = [this](VkDescriptorSet set, VkBuffer buffer) {
            VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer_info = {};
            buffer_info.buffer = buffer;
            buffer_info.offset = 0;
            buffer_info.range = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;

            VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
            descriptor_write.dstSet = set;
            descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
            descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
            descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = &buffer_info;
            vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);
        };

        //
        // Test scenario.
        //
        update_set(set_A, buffer);
        update_set(set_B, buffer);

        // Bind set A to a command buffer and submit the command buffer;
        {
            auto &cb = use_single_command_buffer ? m_command_buffer : cb0;
            cb.Begin();
            vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(cb, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &set_A, 0, nullptr);
            vk::CmdBindPipeline(cb, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe);
            cb.BeginRenderPass(m_renderPassBeginInfo);
            vk::CmdDraw(cb, 0, 0, 0, 0);
            vk::CmdEndRenderPass(cb);
            cb.End();
            m_default_queue->Submit(cb);
        }

        // Wait for the queue. After this set A should be no longer in use.
        m_default_queue->Wait();

        // Bind set B to a command buffer and submit the command buffer;
        {
            auto &cb = use_single_command_buffer ? m_command_buffer : cb1;
            cb.Begin();
            vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(cb, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &set_B, 0, nullptr);
            vk::CmdBindPipeline(cb, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe);
            cb.BeginRenderPass(m_renderPassBeginInfo);
            vk::CmdDraw(cb, 0, 0, 0, 0);
            vk::CmdEndRenderPass(cb);
            cb.End();
            m_default_queue->Submit(cb);
        }

        // Update set A. It should not cause VU 03047 error.
        vkt::Buffer buffer2(*m_device, buffer_ci, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
        update_set(set_A, buffer2);

        m_default_queue->Wait();
    }
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DSUsageBitsFlags2) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION(
        "Attempt to update descriptor sets for buffers that do not have correct usage bits sets with VkBufferUsageFlagBits2KHR.");
    SetTargetApiVersion(VK_API_VERSION_1_1);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE_5_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::maintenance5);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    const VkFormat buffer_format = VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
    if (!BufferFormatAndFeaturesSupported(
            Gpu(), buffer_format, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT | VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT)) {
        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test requires support for VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT";
    }

    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device, {
                                                     {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                 });

    {
        VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo buffer_usage_flags = vku::InitStructHelper();
        buffer_usage_flags.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT;

        VkBufferCreateInfo buffer_create_info = vku::InitStructHelper(&buffer_usage_flags);
        buffer_create_info.size = 1024;
        buffer_create_info.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;  // would be wrong, but ignored
        vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, buffer_create_info);
        vkt::BufferView buffer_view(*m_device, buffer, buffer_format);

        descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorBufferView(0, buffer_view);
        descriptor_set.UpdateDescriptorSets();
    }
    {
        vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, 1024, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT);

        VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo buffer_usage_flags = vku::InitStructHelper();
        buffer_usage_flags.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT;

        VkBufferViewCreateInfo bvci = vku::InitStructHelper(&buffer_usage_flags);
        bvci.buffer = buffer;
        bvci.format = buffer_format;
        bvci.range = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
        vkt::BufferView buffer_view(*m_device, bvci);

        descriptor_set.Clear();
        descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorBufferView(0, buffer_view);
        descriptor_set.UpdateDescriptorSets();
    }
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, AttachmentFeedbackLoopLayout) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Read from image with layout attachment feedback loop");

    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_LAYOUT_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::attachmentFeedbackLoopLayout);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    vkt::Image image(
        *m_device, 32, 32, format,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_BIT_EXT);

    vkt::ImageView image_view = image.CreateView();
    vkt::Sampler sampler(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());

    RenderPassSingleSubpass rp(*this);
    rp.AddAttachmentDescription(format, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_OPTIMAL_EXT,
                                VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE);
    rp.AddAttachmentReference({0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_OPTIMAL_EXT});
    rp.AddColorAttachment(0);
    rp.AddSubpassDependency(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
                            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                            VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT | VK_DEPENDENCY_FEEDBACK_LOOP_BIT_EXT);
    rp.CreateRenderPass();

    VkClearValue clear_value;
    clear_value.color = {{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}};

    vkt::Framebuffer framebuffer(*m_device, rp, 1, &image_view.handle());

    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                       {
                                           {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                       });

    descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorImageInfo(0u, image_view, sampler, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
                                            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_OPTIMAL_EXT);
    descriptor_set.UpdateDescriptorSets();

    char const *frag_src = R"glsl(
        #version 450
        layout(set=0) layout(binding=0) uniform sampler2D tex;
        layout(location=0) out vec4 color;
        void main(){
           color = texture(tex, vec2(0.5f));
        }
    )glsl";
    VkShaderObj fs(this, frag_src, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

    CreatePipelineHelper pipe(*this);
    pipe.shader_stages_ = {pipe.vs_->GetStageCreateInfo(), fs.GetStageCreateInfo()};
    pipe.gp_ci_.flags = VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_BIT_EXT;
    pipe.gp_ci_.renderPass = rp;
    pipe.pipeline_layout_ = vkt::PipelineLayout(*m_device, {&descriptor_set.layout_});
    pipe.CreateGraphicsPipeline();

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    m_command_buffer.BeginRenderPass(rp, framebuffer, 32, 32, 1, &clear_value);
    vk::CmdBindPipeline(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe);
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe.pipeline_layout_, 0u, 1u,
                              &descriptor_set.set_, 0u, nullptr);
    vk::CmdDraw(m_command_buffer, 3u, 1u, 0u, 0u);
    vk::CmdEndRenderPass(m_command_buffer);
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, VariableDescriptorCount) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Allocate descriptors with variable count.");
    SetTargetApiVersion(VK_API_VERSION_1_0);

    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    // This test is valid for Vulkan 1.0 only -- skip if device has an API version greater than 1.0.
    if (DeviceValidationVersion() >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1) {
        GTEST_SKIP() << "Tests for 1.0 only";
    }

    // Create Pool w/ 1 Sampler descriptor, but try to alloc Uniform Buffer
    // descriptor from it
    VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[2] = {};
    pool_sizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER;
    pool_sizes[0].descriptorCount = 2;
    pool_sizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    pool_sizes[1].descriptorCount = 2;

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 3;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes;

    vkt::DescriptorPool ds_pool(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding dsl_binding = {};
    dsl_binding.binding = 0;
    dsl_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER;
    dsl_binding.descriptorCount = 3;
    dsl_binding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    dsl_binding.pImmutableSamplers = NULL;

    VkDescriptorBindingFlags binding_flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo dsl_binding_flags = vku::InitStructHelper();
    dsl_binding_flags.bindingCount = 1u;
    dsl_binding_flags.pBindingFlags = &binding_flags;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo dsl_ci = vku::InitStructHelper(&dsl_binding_flags);
    dsl_ci.bindingCount = 1u;
    dsl_ci.pBindings = &dsl_binding;

    const vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout(*m_device, dsl_ci);

    uint32_t descriptor_count = 1u;
    VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo variable_allocate = vku::InitStructHelper();
    variable_allocate.descriptorSetCount = 1u;
    variable_allocate.pDescriptorCounts = &descriptor_count;
    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo alloc_info = vku::InitStructHelper(&variable_allocate);
    alloc_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    alloc_info.descriptorPool = ds_pool;
    alloc_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout.handle();

    VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &alloc_info, &descriptor_set);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, ShaderStageAll) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("VkDescriptorSetLayout stageFlags can be VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL");

    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding dsl_binding = {};
    dsl_binding.binding = 1;
    dsl_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    dsl_binding.descriptorCount = 1;
    dsl_binding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    dsl_binding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo ds_layout_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    ds_layout_ci.bindingCount = 1;
    ds_layout_ci.pBindings = &dsl_binding;
    vkt::DescriptorSetLayout(*m_device, ds_layout_ci);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, ImageSubresourceOverlapBetweenRenderPassAndDescriptorSetsFunction) {
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::fragmentStoresAndAtomics);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    const VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    RenderPassSingleSubpass rp(*this);
    rp.AddAttachmentDescription(format, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED);
    rp.AddAttachmentReference({0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL});
    rp.AddColorAttachment(0);
    rp.CreateRenderPass();

    auto image_create_info =
        vkt::Image::ImageCreateInfo2D(32, 32, 1, 1, format, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT);
    vkt::Image image(*m_device, image_create_info, vkt::set_layout);

    vkt::ImageView image_view = image.CreateView();
    VkImageView image_view_handle = image_view;
    vkt::Sampler sampler(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());
    vkt::Framebuffer framebuffer(*m_device, rp, 1, &image_view_handle);

    // used as a "would be valid" image
    vkt::Image image_2(*m_device, image_create_info, vkt::set_layout);
    vkt::ImageView image_view_2 = image_2.CreateView();

    // like the following, but does OpLoad before function call
    // layout(location = 0) out vec4 x;
    // layout(set = 0, binding = 0, rgba8) uniform image2D image_0;
    // layout(set = 0, binding = 1, rgba8) uniform image2D image_1;
    // void foo(image2D bar) {
    //     imageStore(bar, ivec2(0), vec4(0.5f));
    // }
    // void main() {
    //     x = vec4(1.0f);
    //     foo(image_1);
    // }
    char const *fsSource = R"(
               OpCapability Shader
               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %color_attach
               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
               OpDecorate %color_attach Location 0
               OpDecorate %image_0 DescriptorSet 0
               OpDecorate %image_0 Binding 0
               OpDecorate %image_1 DescriptorSet 0
               OpDecorate %image_1 Binding 1
       %void = OpTypeVoid
          %6 = OpTypeFunction %void
      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
%color_attach = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
    %float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
         %11 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
         %12 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
         %13 = OpTypeFunction %void %12
%_ptr_UniformConstant_12 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %12
    %image_0 = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant_12 UniformConstant
        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
      %v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
         %18 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
  %float_0_5 = OpConstant %float 0.5
         %20 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_0_5 %float_0_5 %float_0_5 %float_0_5
    %image_1 = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant_12 UniformConstant

         %foo = OpFunction %void None %13
         %bar = OpFunctionParameter %12
         %23 = OpLabel
               OpImageWrite %bar %18 %20
               OpReturn
               OpFunctionEnd

       %main = OpFunction %void None %6
         %24 = OpLabel
               OpStore %color_attach %11
         %25 = OpLoad %12 %image_1
         %26 = OpFunctionCall %void %foo %25
               OpReturn
               OpFunctionEnd
    )";
    VkShaderObj fs(this, fsSource, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_SOURCE_ASM);

    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device,
                                       {
                                           {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                           {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                       });
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout(*m_device, {&descriptor_set.layout_});
    CreatePipelineHelper pipe(*this);
    pipe.shader_stages_[1] = fs.GetStageCreateInfo();
    pipe.gp_ci_.layout = pipeline_layout;
    pipe.gp_ci_.renderPass = rp;
    pipe.CreateGraphicsPipeline();

    descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorImageInfo(0, image_view, sampler, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
    descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorImageInfo(1, image_view_2, sampler, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
    descriptor_set.UpdateDescriptorSets();

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    m_command_buffer.BeginRenderPass(rp, framebuffer, 32, 32, 1, m_renderPassClearValues.data());
    vk::CmdBindPipeline(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipe);
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &descriptor_set.set_, 0,
                              nullptr);
    vk::CmdDraw(m_command_buffer, 3, 1, 0, 0);
    m_command_buffer.EndRenderPass();
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DuplicateLayoutSameSampler) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers/issues/8497");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    vkt::Sampler sampler(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds_0(m_device,
                             {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, &sampler.handle()}});
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout_0(*m_device, {&ds_0.layout_});

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds_1(m_device,
                             {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, &sampler.handle()}});

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline_layout_0, 0, 1, &ds_1.set_, 0, nullptr);
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DuplicateLayoutDuplicateSampler) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers/issues/8497");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    vkt::Sampler sampler_0(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());
    vkt::Sampler sampler_1(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds_0(m_device,
                             {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, &sampler_0.handle()}});
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout_0(*m_device, {&ds_0.layout_});

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds_1(m_device,
                             {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, &sampler_1.handle()}});

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline_layout_0, 0, 1, &ds_1.set_, 0, nullptr);
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DuplicateLayoutSameSamplerArray) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers/issues/8497");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    vkt::Sampler sampler(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());
    VkSampler sampler_array[3] = {sampler, sampler, sampler};

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds_0(m_device,
                             {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 3, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, sampler_array}});
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout_0(*m_device, {&ds_0.layout_});

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds_1(m_device,
                             {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 3, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, sampler_array}});

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline_layout_0, 0, 1, &ds_1.set_, 0, nullptr);
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DuplicateLayoutDuplicateSamplerArray) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers/issues/8497");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    vkt::Sampler sampler_0(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());
    vkt::Sampler sampler_1(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());
    VkSampler sampler_array_0[3] = {sampler_0, sampler_0, sampler_0};
    VkSampler sampler_array_1[3] = {sampler_1, sampler_1, sampler_1};

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds_0(m_device,
                             {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 3, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, sampler_array_0}});
    const vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout_0(*m_device, {&ds_0.layout_});

    OneOffDescriptorSet ds_1(m_device,
                             {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 3, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, sampler_array_1}});

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline_layout_0, 0, 1, &ds_1.set_, 0, nullptr);
    m_command_buffer.End();
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, CopyDestroyDescriptor) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("https://gitlab.khronos.org/vulkan/vulkan/-/issues/4125");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    OneOffDescriptorSet src_descriptor_set(m_device, {
                                                         {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                     });
    OneOffDescriptorSet dst_descriptor_set(m_device, {
                                                         {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                     });
    vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, 1024, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT);
    src_descriptor_set.WriteDescriptorBufferInfo(0, buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE);
    buffer.destroy();

    VkCopyDescriptorSet copy_ds = vku::InitStructHelper();
    copy_ds.srcSet = src_descriptor_set.set_;
    copy_ds.srcBinding = 0;
    copy_ds.srcArrayElement = 0;
    copy_ds.dstSet = dst_descriptor_set.set_;
    copy_ds.dstBinding = 0;
    copy_ds.dstArrayElement = 0;
    copy_ds.descriptorCount = 1;
    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 0, nullptr, 1, &copy_ds);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, CopyDestroyedMutableDescriptors) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("https://gitlab.khronos.org/vulkan/vulkan/-/issues/4125");
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_MUTABLE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::mutableDescriptorType);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    VkDescriptorType descriptor_types[] = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER};

    VkMutableDescriptorTypeListEXT mutable_descriptor_type_list = {};
    mutable_descriptor_type_list.descriptorTypeCount = 1;
    mutable_descriptor_type_list.pDescriptorTypes = descriptor_types;

    VkMutableDescriptorTypeCreateInfoEXT mdtci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    mdtci.mutableDescriptorTypeListCount = 1;
    mdtci.pMutableDescriptorTypeLists = &mutable_descriptor_type_list;

    VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[2] = {};
    pool_sizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    pool_sizes[0].descriptorCount = 2;
    pool_sizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT;
    pool_sizes[1].descriptorCount = 2;

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper(&mdtci);
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes;

    vkt::DescriptorPool pool(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding bindings[2] = {};
    bindings[0].binding = 0;
    bindings[0].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT;
    bindings[0].descriptorCount = 1;
    bindings[0].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    bindings[0].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
    bindings[1].binding = 1;
    bindings[1].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    bindings[1].descriptorCount = 1;
    bindings[1].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL;
    bindings[1].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo create_info = vku::InitStructHelper(&mdtci);
    create_info.bindingCount = 2;
    create_info.pBindings = bindings;

    vkt::DescriptorSetLayout set_layout(*m_device, create_info);
    VkDescriptorSetLayout set_layout_handle = set_layout;

    VkDescriptorSetLayout layouts[2] = {set_layout_handle, set_layout_handle};

    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocate_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
    allocate_info.descriptorPool = pool;
    allocate_info.descriptorSetCount = 2;
    allocate_info.pSetLayouts = layouts;

    VkDescriptorSet descriptor_sets[2];
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &allocate_info, descriptor_sets);

    vkt::Image image(*m_device, 32, 32, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT);
    vkt::ImageView view = image.CreateView();

    vkt::Sampler sampler(*m_device, SafeSaneSamplerCreateInfo());

    VkDescriptorImageInfo image_info = {};
    image_info.imageView = view;
    image_info.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
    image_info.sampler = sampler;

    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
    descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_sets[1];
    descriptor_write.dstBinding = 1;
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    descriptor_write.pImageInfo = &image_info;

    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);

    VkCopyDescriptorSet copy_set = vku::InitStructHelper();
    copy_set.srcSet = descriptor_sets[1];
    copy_set.srcBinding = 1;
    copy_set.dstSet = descriptor_sets[0];
    copy_set.dstBinding = 0;
    copy_set.descriptorCount = 1;

    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 0, nullptr, 1, &copy_set);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, WriteDescriptorSetTypeStageMatch) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("Overstep the current binding to another valid binding");
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device, {{0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                  {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                                  {2, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 3, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                                  {3, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, nullptr},
                                                  {4, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, nullptr}});

    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
    descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_set.set_;

    vkt::Buffer uniform_buffer(*m_device, 1024, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT);
    VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer_infos[5] = {};
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
        buffer_infos[i] = {uniform_buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE};
    }
    descriptor_write.dstBinding = 2;
    descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = buffer_infos;

    descriptor_write.dstArrayElement = 0;
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 4;
    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);

    descriptor_write.dstArrayElement = 1;
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 3;
    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, AllocateOverDescriptorCount) {
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE1_EXTENSION_NAME);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    m_errorMonitor->ExpectSuccess(kErrorBit | kWarningBit);

    VkDescriptorPoolSize ds_type_counts[2] = {{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 2}, {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 2}};
    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 3;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = ds_type_counts;
    vkt::DescriptorPool ds_pool(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding dsl_binding = {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr};
    const vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout(*m_device, {dsl_binding});
    dsl_binding.descriptorCount = 2;
    const vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout_double(*m_device, {dsl_binding});

    VkDescriptorSet descriptor_sets[3];
    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo alloc_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
    alloc_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    alloc_info.descriptorPool = ds_pool;
    alloc_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout.handle();
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &alloc_info, &descriptor_sets[0]);
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &alloc_info, &descriptor_sets[1]);
    alloc_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout_double.handle();
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &alloc_info, &descriptor_sets[2]);  // allocates 2
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, AllocateOverDescriptorCountVariableAllocate) {
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE1_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    m_errorMonitor->ExpectSuccess(kErrorBit | kWarningBit);

    VkDescriptorBindingFlags binding_flags[2] = {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT};
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo flags_create_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
    flags_create_info.bindingCount = 2;
    flags_create_info.pBindingFlags = binding_flags;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding bindings[2] = {
        {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, nullptr},
        {3, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, 32, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, nullptr},
    };
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo ds_layout_ci = vku::InitStructHelper(&flags_create_info);
    ds_layout_ci.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT;
    ds_layout_ci.bindingCount = 2;
    ds_layout_ci.pBindings = bindings;
    vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout(*m_device, ds_layout_ci);

    VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[2] = {{bindings[0].descriptorType, bindings[0].descriptorCount},
                                          {bindings[1].descriptorType, bindings[1].descriptorCount}};
    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo dspci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    dspci.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT;
    dspci.poolSizeCount = 2;
    dspci.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes;
    dspci.maxSets = 2;
    vkt::DescriptorPool pool(*m_device, dspci);

    uint32_t desc_counts = 8;
    VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo variable_count = vku::InitStructHelper();
    variable_count.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    variable_count.pDescriptorCounts = &desc_counts;

    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo ds_alloc_info = vku::InitStructHelper(&variable_count);
    ds_alloc_info.descriptorPool = pool;
    ds_alloc_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    ds_alloc_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout.handle();

    VkDescriptorSet ds = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(*m_device, &ds_alloc_info, &ds);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, AllocateOverDescriptorCountVariableAllocate2) {
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE1_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    VkDescriptorBindingFlags binding_flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT;
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo flags_create_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
    flags_create_info.bindingCount = 1;
    flags_create_info.pBindingFlags = &binding_flags;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding bindings = {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, 32, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, nullptr};
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo ds_layout_ci = vku::InitStructHelper(&flags_create_info);
    ds_layout_ci.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT;
    ds_layout_ci.bindingCount = 1;
    ds_layout_ci.pBindings = &bindings;
    vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout(*m_device, ds_layout_ci);

    VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, 16};
    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo dspci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    dspci.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT;
    dspci.poolSizeCount = 1;
    dspci.pPoolSizes = &pool_sizes;
    dspci.maxSets = 1;
    vkt::DescriptorPool pool(*m_device, dspci);

    uint32_t desc_counts = 10;
    VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo variable_count = vku::InitStructHelper();
    variable_count.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    variable_count.pDescriptorCounts = &desc_counts;

    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo ds_alloc_info = vku::InitStructHelper(&variable_count);
    ds_alloc_info.descriptorPool = pool;
    ds_alloc_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    ds_alloc_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout.handle();

    VkDescriptorSet ds = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &ds_alloc_info, &ds);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, DescriptorSetLayoutBinding0Count) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("With maintenance1, allocate descriptor with type not in pool");
    SetTargetApiVersion(VK_API_VERSION_1_1);  // Needed VK_KHR_maintenance1
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    InitRenderTarget();

    // Create Pool with 2 Sampler descriptors, but try to alloc an Uniform Buffer
    VkDescriptorPoolSize ds_type_count = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 2};

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 1;
    ds_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = &ds_type_count;

    vkt::DescriptorPool ds_pool(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding dsl_binding_sampler = {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr};
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding dsl_binding_uniform = {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr};
    const vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout(*m_device, {dsl_binding_sampler, dsl_binding_uniform});

    VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo alloc_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
    alloc_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    alloc_info.descriptorPool = ds_pool;
    alloc_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout.handle();
    m_errorMonitor->ExpectSuccess(kErrorBit | kWarningBit);
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &alloc_info, &descriptor_set);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, ConsecutiveBindingUpdatesStartOver) {
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());
    OneOffDescriptorSet descriptor_set(m_device, {
                                                     {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 2, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                     {1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 2, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                     {2, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 2, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr},
                                                 });
    vkt::Buffer buffer(*m_device, 32, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT);

    VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer_infos[3] = {{buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE}, {buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE}, {buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE}};

    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_write = vku::InitStructHelper();
    descriptor_write.dstSet = descriptor_set.set_;
    descriptor_write.dstBinding = 0;  // start a 0, but never update one in it
    descriptor_write.dstArrayElement = 3;
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 3;
    descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = buffer_infos;
    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);

    descriptor_write.dstArrayElement = 4;  // jump to binding 2
    descriptor_write.descriptorCount = 2;
    descriptor_write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    descriptor_write.pBufferInfo = buffer_infos;
    vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(device(), 1, &descriptor_write, 0, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(PositiveDescriptors, NullDescriptorSetGPL) {
    TEST_DESCRIPTION("https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers/issues/10312");
    AddRequiredExtensions(VK_EXT_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_LIBRARY_EXTENSION_NAME);
    AddRequiredFeature(vkt::Feature::graphicsPipelineLibrary);
    RETURN_IF_SKIP(Init());

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding dsl_binding = {0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL, nullptr};
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo ds_layout_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    ds_layout_ci.bindingCount = 1;
    ds_layout_ci.pBindings = &dsl_binding;
    vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout_a(*m_device, ds_layout_ci);
    ds_layout_ci.bindingCount = 0;
    ds_layout_ci.pBindings = nullptr;
    vkt::DescriptorSetLayout ds_layout_empty(*m_device, ds_layout_ci);

    VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_size = {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 2};
    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ds_pool_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    ds_pool_ci.maxSets = 2;
    ds_pool_ci.poolSizeCount = 1;
    ds_pool_ci.pPoolSizes = &pool_size;
    vkt::DescriptorPool pool(*m_device, ds_pool_ci);

    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocate_info = vku::InitStructHelper();
    allocate_info.descriptorPool = pool;
    allocate_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;

    allocate_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout_a.handle();
    VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set_a = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &allocate_info, &descriptor_set_a);

    allocate_info.pSetLayouts = &ds_layout_empty.handle();
    VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set_empty = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(device(), &allocate_info, &descriptor_set_empty);

    VkDescriptorSetLayout dsl_handles[2] = {ds_layout_empty, ds_layout_a};
    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipe_layout_ci = vku::InitStructHelper();
    pipe_layout_ci.setLayoutCount = 2;
    pipe_layout_ci.pSetLayouts = dsl_handles;
    vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout_empty(*m_device, pipe_layout_ci);

    dsl_handles[0] = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    vkt::PipelineLayout pipeline_layout_null(*m_device, pipe_layout_ci);

    m_command_buffer.Begin();
    VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set_handles[2] = {descriptor_set_empty, descriptor_set_a};
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout_empty, 0u, 2u,
                              descriptor_set_handles, 0u, nullptr);

    descriptor_set_handles[0] = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout_empty, 0u, 2u,
                              descriptor_set_handles, 0u, nullptr);

    vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(m_command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout_null, 0u, 2u,
                              descriptor_set_handles, 0u, nullptr);
    m_command_buffer.End();
}