/*
 * Worldvisions Weaver Software:
 *   Copyright (C) 1997-2002 Net Integration Technologies, Inc.
 * 
 * Various useful string-based utilities.
 *
 */
#include "strutils.h"
#include "wvbuf.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>

#ifndef _WIN32
//#include <uuid.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#else
#undef errno
#define errno GetLastError()
#define strcasecmp _stricmp
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <direct.h>
#ifndef EACCES
#define EACCES 0xfff
#endif
#endif

char *terminate_string(char *string, char c)
/**********************************************/
// Add character c to the end of a string after removing crlf's.
// NOTE: You need a buffer that's at least one character bigger than the
// current length of the string, including the terminating NULL.
{
    char *p;

    if (string == NULL)
    	return NULL;

    p = string + strlen(string) - 1;
    while (p >= string)
    {
        if (*p == '\r' || *p == '\n')
            --p;
        else
            break;
    }

    *(++p) = c;
    *(++p) = 0;

    return string;
}


char *trim_string(char *string)
/*********************************/
// Trims spaces off the front and end of strings.  Modifies the string.
// Specifically DOES allow string==NULL; returns NULL in that case.
{
    char *p;
    char *q;

    if (string == NULL)
    	return NULL;

    p = string;
    q = string + strlen(string) - 1;

    while (q >= p && isspace(*q))
    	*(q--) = 0;
    while (isspace(*p))
    	p++;

    return p;
}


char *trim_string(char *string, char c)
// Searches the string for c and removes it plus everything afterwards.
// Modifies the string and returns NULL if string == NULL.
{
    char *p;

    if (string == NULL)
        return NULL;

    p = string;

    while (*p != 0 && *p != c)
        p++;

    while (*p)
        *(p++) = 0;

    return string;
}


// return the string formed by concatenating string 'a' and string 'b' with
// the 'sep' character between them.  For example,
//    spacecat("xx", "yy", ";")
// returns "xx;yy", and
//    spacecat("xx;;", "yy", ";")
// returns "xx;;;yy", and
//    spacecat("xx;;", "yy", ";", true)
// returns "xx;yy".
//
// This function is much faster than the more obvious WvString("%s;%s", a, b),
// so it's useful when you're producing a *lot* of string data.
WvString spacecat(WvStringParm a, WvStringParm b, char sep, bool onesep)
{
    size_t alen = strlen(a);
    size_t blen = strlen(b);

    // If we only want one separator, eat away at the back of string a
    if (onesep && alen)
    {
	while (a[alen-1] == sep)
	    --alen;
    }

    // Create the destination string, and give it an appropriate size.
    // Then, fill it with string a.
    WvString s;
    s.setsize(alen + blen + 2);
    char *cptr = s.edit();

    memcpy(cptr, a, alen);

    // Write the separator in the appropriate spot.
    cptr[alen] = sep;

    // If we only want one separator, eat away at the from of string b.
    size_t boffset = 0;
    if (onesep)
    {
	while (b[boffset] == sep)
	    ++boffset;
    }

    // Now copy the second half of the string in and terminate with a NUL.
    memcpy(cptr+alen+1, b.cstr()+boffset, blen-boffset);
    cptr[alen+1+blen-boffset] = 0;

    return s;
}


// Replaces whitespace characters with nonbreaking spaces.
char *non_breaking(const char * string)
{
    if (string == NULL)
        return (NULL);

    WvDynBuf buf;

    while (*string)
    {
        if (isspace(*string))
	    buf.putstr("&nbsp;");
        else 
	    buf.putch(*string);
        string++;
    }

    WvString s(buf.getstr());
    char *nbstr = new char[s.len() + 1];
    return strcpy(nbstr, s.edit());
}


// Searches _string (up to length bytes), replacing any occurrences of c1
// with c2.
void replace_char(void *_string, char c1, char c2, int length)
{
    char *string = (char *)_string;
    for (int i=0; i < length; i++)
    	if (*(string+i) == c1)
    	    *(string+i) = c2;
}

// Snip off the first part of 'haystack' if it consists of 'needle'.
char *snip_string(char *haystack, char *needle)
{
    if(!haystack)
        return NULL;
    if(!needle)
        return haystack;
    char *p = strstr(haystack, needle);
    if(!p || p != haystack)
        return haystack;
    else
        return haystack + strlen(needle);
}


char *strlwr(char *string)
{
    char *p = string;
    while (p && *p)
    {
    	*p = tolower(*p);
    	p++;
    }

    return string;
}


char *strupr(char *string)
{
    char *p = string;
    while (p && *p)
    {
	*p = toupper(*p);
	p++;
    }

    return string;
}


// true if all the characters in "string" are isalnum().
bool is_word(const char *p)
{
    assert(p);

    while (*p)
    {
    	if(!isalnum(*p++))
    	    return false;
    }
    
    return true;
}


// produce a hexadecimal dump of the data buffer in 'buf' of length 'len'.
// it is formatted with 16 bytes per line; each line has an address offset,
// hex representation, and printable representation.
WvString hexdump_buffer(const void *_buf, size_t len, bool charRep)
{
    const unsigned char *buf = (const unsigned char *)_buf;
    size_t count, count2, top;
    WvString out;

    out.setsize(len / 16 * 80 + 80);
    char *cptr = out.edit();
    
    for (count = 0; count < len; count+=16)
    {
	top = len-count < 16 ? len-count : 16;
	cptr += sprintf(cptr, "[%03X] ", (unsigned int)count);
	
	// dump hex values
	for (count2 = 0; count2 < top; count2++)
	{
	    if (count2 && !(count2 % 4))
		*cptr++ = ' ';
	    cptr += sprintf(cptr, "%02X", buf[count+count2]);
	}
	
	// print horizontal separation
	for (count2 = top; count2 < 16; count2++)
	{
	    if (count2 && !(count2 % 4))
	    {
		strcat(cptr, "   ");
		cptr += 3;
	    }
	    else
	    {
		strcat(cptr, "  ");
		cptr += 2;
	    }
	}
	
	*cptr++ = ' ';
	
	// dump character representation
	if (charRep)
	{
	    for (count2 = 0; count2 < top; count2++)
	    {
		if (!(count2 % 4))
		    *cptr++ = ' ';
	        *cptr++ = (isprint(buf[count+count2])
			   ? buf[count+count2] : '.');
	    }
	}

	*cptr++ = '\n';
    }
    *cptr = 0;
    return out;
}


// return true if the character is a newline.
bool isnewline(char c)
{
    return c=='\n' || c=='\r';
}


// ex: WvString foo = url_decode("I+am+text.%0D%0A");
WvString url_decode(WvStringParm str, bool no_space)
{
    if (!str)
        return str;
 
    const char *iptr;
    char *optr;
    const char *idx1, *idx2;
    static const char hex[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    WvString in, intmp(str), out;

    in = trim_string(intmp.edit());
    out.setsize(strlen(in) + 1);

    optr = out.edit();
    for (iptr = in, optr = out.edit(); *iptr; iptr++)
    {
        if (*iptr == '+' && !no_space)
            *optr++ = ' ';
        else if (*iptr == '%' && iptr[1] && iptr[2])
        {
            idx1 = strchr(hex, toupper((unsigned char) iptr[1]));
            idx2 = strchr(hex, toupper((unsigned char) iptr[2]));

            if (idx1 && idx2)
                *optr++ = ((idx1 - hex) << 4) | (idx2 - hex);

            iptr += 2;
        }
        else
            *optr++ = *iptr;
    }

    *optr = 0;

    return out;
}


// And its magic companion: url_encode
WvString url_encode(WvStringParm str, WvStringParm unsafe)
{
    unsigned int i;
    WvDynBuf retval;

    for (i=0; i < str.len(); i++)
    {
        if (((!!unsafe && !strchr(unsafe, str[i])) ||
             (!unsafe && (isalnum(str[i]) || strchr("_.!~*'()-", str[i])))) &&
            str[i] != '%')
        {
            retval.put(&str[i], 1);
        }
        else
        {               
            char buf[4];
            sprintf(buf, "%%%02X", str[i] & 0xff);
            retval.put(&buf, 3);
        }
    }

    return retval.getstr();
}


WvString diff_dates(time_t t1, time_t t2)
{
    char out[25]; //Should be more then enough
    double diff = difftime(t1, t2);
    if(diff < 0)
        diff = -diff;
    if(diff > (60 * 60 * 24))
        //give a touch more granularity then the rest
        sprintf(out, "%.1f day(s)", diff / (60 * 60 * 24));
    else if(diff > (60 * 60)) 
        sprintf(out, "%.0f hour(s)", diff / (60 * 60));
    else if(diff > 60)
        sprintf(out, "%.0f minute(s)", diff / 60);
    else
        sprintf(out, "%.0f second(s)", diff);
    return out;
}


WvString rfc822_date(time_t when)
{
    WvString out;
    out.setsize(80);

    if (when < 0)
        when = time(NULL);

    struct tm *tmwhen = localtime(&when);
    strftime(out.edit(), 80, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", tmwhen);

    return out;
}


WvString backslash_escape(WvStringParm s1)
{
    // stick a backslash in front of every !isalnum() character in s1
    if (!s1)
        return "";

    WvString s2;
    s2.setsize(s1.len() * 2 + 1);

    const char *p1 = s1;
    char *p2 = s2.edit();
    while (*p1)
    {
        if (!isalnum(*p1))
            *p2++ = '\\';
        *p2++ = *p1++;
    }
    *p2 = 0;

    return s2;
}


int strcount(WvStringParm s, const char c)
{
    int n=0;
    const char *p = s;
    while ((p=strchr(p, c)) != NULL && p++)
        n++;

    return n;
}


WvString encode_hostname_as_DN(WvStringParm hostname)
{
    WvString dn("");
    
    WvStringList fqdnlist;
    WvStringList::Iter i(fqdnlist);
    
    fqdnlist.split(hostname, ".");
    for (i.rewind(); i.next(); )
	dn.append("dc=%s,", *i);
    dn.append("cn=%s", hostname);
    
    return dn;
}


WvString nice_hostname(WvStringParm name)
{
    WvString nice;
    char *optr, *optr_start;
    const char *iptr;
    bool last_was_dash;
    
    nice.setsize(name.len() + 2);

    iptr = name;
    optr = optr_start = nice.edit();
    if (!isascii(*iptr) || !isalnum(*(const unsigned char *)iptr))
	*optr++ = 'x'; // DNS names must start with a letter!
    
    last_was_dash = false;
    for (; *iptr; iptr++)
    {
	if (!isascii(*iptr))
	    continue; // skip it entirely
	
	if (*iptr == '-' || *iptr == '_')
	{
	    if (last_was_dash)
		continue;
	    last_was_dash = true;
	    *optr++ = '-';
	}
	else if (isalnum(*(const unsigned char *)iptr) || *iptr == '.')
	{
	    *optr++ = *iptr;
	    last_was_dash = false;
	}
    }
    
    if (optr > optr_start && !isalnum(*(const unsigned char *)(optr-1)))
	*optr++ = 'x'; // must _end_ in a letter/number too!
    
    *optr++ = 0;
    
    if (!nice.len())
	return "UNKNOWN";
    
    return nice;
}


WvString getfilename(WvStringParm fullname)
{
    WvString tmp(fullname);
    char *cptr = strrchr(tmp.edit(), '/');
    
    if (!cptr) // no slash at all
	return fullname;
    else if (!cptr[1]) // terminating slash
    {
	*cptr = 0;
	return getfilename(tmp);
    }
    else // no terminating slash
	return cptr+1;
}


WvString getdirname(WvStringParm fullname)
{
    WvString tmp(fullname);
    char *cptr = strrchr(tmp.edit(), '/');
    
    if (!cptr) // no slash at all
	return ".";
    else if (!cptr[1]) // terminating slash
    {
	*cptr = 0;
	return getdirname(tmp);
    }
    else // no terminating slash
    {
	*cptr = 0;
	return !tmp ? WvString("/") : tmp;
    }
}

// Programmatically determine the units.  In order, these are:
// bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes,
// exabytes, zettabytes, yottabytes.  Note that these are SI
// prefixes, not binary ones.

// This structure allows us to choose between SI-prefixes which are
// powers of 10, and IEC-prefixes which are powers of 2.
struct prefix_t
{
    const char *name;
    unsigned long long base;
};

// SI-prefixes:
// kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta, and exa.
static const prefix_t si[] =
{
    { "k", 1000ull },
    { "M", 1000ull * 1000ull },
    { "G", 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull },
    { "T", 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull },
    { "P", 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull},
    { "E", 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull * 1000ull},
    { "Z", 0 },
    { "Y", 0 },
    { NULL, 0 }
};

// IEC-prefixes:
// kibi, mebi, gibi, tebi, pebi, and exbi.
static const prefix_t iec[] =
{
    { "Ki", 1024ull },
    { "Mi", 1024ull * 1024ull},
    { "Gi", 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull },
    { "Ti", 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull },
    { "Pi", 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull},
    { "Ei", 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull},
    { "Zi", 0 },
    { "Yi", 0 },
    { NULL, 0 }
};


// This function expects size to be ten-times the actual number.
static inline unsigned long long _sizetoa_rounder(RoundingMethod method,
						  unsigned long long size,
						  unsigned long long remainder,
						  unsigned long long base)
{
    unsigned long long half = base / 2;
    unsigned long long significant_digits = size / base;
    switch (method)
    {
    case ROUND_DOWN:
	break;

    case ROUND_UP:
	if (remainder || (size % base))
	    ++significant_digits;
	break;

    case ROUND_UP_AT_POINT_FIVE:
	if ((size % base) >= half)
	    ++significant_digits;
	break;

    case ROUND_DOWN_AT_POINT_FIVE:
	unsigned long long r = size % base;
	if ((r > half) || (remainder && (r == half)))
	    ++significant_digits;
	break;
    }
    return significant_digits;
}


// This function helps sizetoa() and sizektoa() below.  It takes a
// bunch of digits, and the default unit (indexed by size); and turns
// them into a WvString that's formatted to human-readable rounded
// sizes, with one decimal place.
//
// You must be very careful here never to add anything to size.
// Otherwise, you might cause an overflow to occur.  Similarly, you
// must be careful when you subtract or you might cause an underflow.
static WvString _sizetoa(unsigned long long size, unsigned long blocksize,
			 RoundingMethod rounding_method,
			 const prefix_t *prefixes, WvStringParm unit)
{
    assert(blocksize);

    // To understand rounding, consider the display of the value 999949.
    // For each rounding method the string displayed should be:
    // ROUND_DOWN: 999.9 kB
    // ROUND_UP_AT_POINT_FIVE: 999.9 kB
    // ROUND_UP: 1.0 MB
    // On the other hand, for the value 999950, the strings should be:
    // ROUND_DOWN: 999.9 kB
    // ROUND_DOWN_AT_POINT_FIVE: 999.9 kB
    // ROUND_UP_AT_POINT_FIVE: 1.0 MB
    // ROUND_UP: 1.0 MB

    // Deal with blocksizes without overflowing.
    const unsigned long long group_base = prefixes[0].base;
    int shift = 0;
    unsigned long prev_blocksize = 0;
    while (blocksize >= group_base)
    {
	prev_blocksize = blocksize;
	blocksize /= group_base;
	++shift;
    }

    // If we have a very large blocksize, make sure to keep enough of
    // it to make rounding possible.
    if (prev_blocksize && prev_blocksize != group_base)
    {
	blocksize = prev_blocksize;
	--shift;
    }

    int p = -1;
    unsigned long long significant_digits = size * 10;
    unsigned int remainder = 0;
    if (significant_digits < size)
    {
	// A really big size.  We'll divide by a grouping before going up one.
	remainder = size % group_base;
	size /= group_base;
	++shift;
    }
    while (size >= group_base)
    {
	++p;
	significant_digits = _sizetoa_rounder(rounding_method,
					      size * 10,
					      remainder,
					      prefixes[p].base);
	if (significant_digits < (group_base * 10)
	    || !prefixes[p + shift + 1].name)
	    break;
    }

    // Correct for blocksizes that aren't powers of group_base.
    if (blocksize > 1)
    {
	significant_digits *= blocksize;
	while (significant_digits >= (group_base * 10)
	       && prefixes[p + shift + 1].name)
	{
	    significant_digits = _sizetoa_rounder(rounding_method,
						  significant_digits,
						  0,
						  group_base);
	    ++p;
	}
    }

    // Now we can return our result.
    return WvString("%s.%s %s%s",
		    significant_digits / 10,
		    significant_digits % 10,
		    prefixes[p + shift].name,
		    unit);
}

WvString sizetoa(unsigned long long blocks, unsigned long blocksize,
		 RoundingMethod rounding_method)
{
    unsigned long long bytes = blocks * blocksize;

    // Test if we are dealing in just bytes.
    if (bytes < 1000 && bytes >= blocks)
	return WvString("%s bytes", bytes);

    return _sizetoa(blocks, blocksize, rounding_method, si, "B");
}


WvString sizektoa(unsigned long long kbytes, RoundingMethod rounding_method)
{
    if (kbytes < 1000)
	return WvString("%s kB", kbytes);

    return sizetoa(kbytes, 1000, rounding_method);
}

WvString sizeitoa(unsigned long long blocks, unsigned long blocksize,
		  RoundingMethod rounding_method)
{
    unsigned long long bytes = blocks * blocksize;

    // Test if we are dealing in just bytes.
    if (bytes < 1024 && bytes >= blocks)
	return WvString("%s bytes", bytes);

    return _sizetoa(blocks, blocksize, rounding_method, iec, "B");
}


WvString sizekitoa(unsigned long long kbytes, RoundingMethod rounding_method)
{
    if (kbytes < 1024)
	return WvString("%s KiB", kbytes);

    return sizeitoa(kbytes, 1024, rounding_method);
}

WvString secondstoa(unsigned int total_seconds)
{
    WvString result("");

    unsigned int days = total_seconds / (3600*24);
    total_seconds %= (3600*24);
    unsigned int hours = total_seconds / 3600;
    total_seconds %= 3600;
    unsigned int mins = total_seconds / 60;
    unsigned int secs = total_seconds % 60; 

    int num_elements = (days > 0) + (hours > 0) + (mins > 0);

    if (days > 0)
    {
        result.append(days);
        result.append(days > 1 ? " days" : " day");
        num_elements--;
        if (num_elements > 1)
            result.append(", ");
        else if (num_elements == 1)
            result.append(" and ");
    }
    if (hours > 0)
    {
        result.append(hours);
        result.append(hours > 1 ? " hours" : " hour");
        num_elements--;
        if (num_elements > 1)
            result.append(", ");
        else if (num_elements == 1)
            result.append(" and ");
    }
    if (mins > 0)
    {
        result.append(mins);
        result.append(mins > 1 ? " minutes" : " minute");
    }
    if (days == 0 && hours == 0 && mins == 0)
    {
        result.append(secs);
        result.append(secs != 1 ? " seconds" : " second");
    }

    return result;
}

WvString strreplace(WvStringParm s, WvStringParm a, WvStringParm b)
{
    WvDynBuf buf;
    const char *sptr = s, *eptr;
    
    while ((eptr = strstr(sptr, a)) != NULL)
    {
	buf.put(sptr, eptr-sptr);
	buf.putstr(b);
	sptr = eptr + strlen(a);
    }
    
    buf.put(sptr, strlen(sptr));
    
    return buf.getstr();
}

WvString undupe(WvStringParm s, char c)
{
    WvDynBuf out;

    bool last = false;

    for (int i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++)
    {
        if (s[i] != c)
        {
            out.putch(s[i]);
            last = false;
        }
        else if (!last)
        {
            out.putch(c);
            last = true;
        }
    }
    
    return out.getstr();
}


WvString rfc1123_date(time_t t)
{
    struct tm *tm = gmtime(&t);
    WvString s;

    s.setsize(128);
    strftime(s.edit(), 128, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", tm);

    return s;
}


int lookup(const char *str, const char * const *table, bool case_sensitive)
{
    for (int i = 0; table[i]; ++i)
    {
        if (case_sensitive)
        {
            if (strcmp(str, table[i]) != 0)
                continue;
        }
        else
        {
            if (strcasecmp(str, table[i]) != 0)
                continue;
        }
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
}


WvString hostname()
{
    int maxlen = 0;
    for (;;)
    {
        maxlen += 80;
        char *name = new char[maxlen];
        int result = gethostname(name, maxlen);
        if (result == 0)
        {
            WvString hostname(name);
            deletev name;
            return hostname;
        }
#ifdef _WIN32
	assert(errno == WSAEFAULT);
#else
        assert(errno == EINVAL);
#endif
    }
}


WvString fqdomainname() 
{
    struct hostent *myhost;

    myhost = gethostbyname(hostname());
    if (myhost)
	return myhost->h_name;
    else
	return WvString::null;
}


WvString wvgetcwd()
{
    int maxlen = 0;
    for (;;)
    {
        maxlen += 80;
        char *name = new char[maxlen];
        char *res = getcwd(name, maxlen);
        if (res)
        {
            WvString s(name);
            deletev name;
            return s;
        }
	if (errno == EACCES || errno == ENOENT)
	    return "."; // can't deal with those errors
        assert(errno == ERANGE); // buffer too small
    }
}


WvString metriculate(const off_t i)
{
    WvString res;
    int digits=0;
    int digit=0;
    long long int j=i;
    char *p;

    while (j)
    {
        digits++;
        j/=10;
    }

    j=i;
    // setsize says it takes care of the terminating NULL char
    res.setsize(digits + ((digits - 1) / 3) + ((j < 0) ? 1 : 0));
    p = res.edit();
    if (j < 0)
    {
        *p++ = '-';
        j = -j;
    }

    p += digits + ((digits - 1) / 3);
    *p-- = '\0';

    for (digit=0; digit<digits; digit++)
    {
        *p-- = '0' + ( j%10 );
        if (((digit+1) % 3) == 0 && digit < digits - 1)
            *p-- = ' ';
        j /= 10;
    }

    return res;
}


WvString afterstr(WvStringParm line, WvStringParm a)
{
    if (!line || !a)
	return WvString::null;

    const char *loc = strstr(line, a);
    if (loc == 0)
	return "";

    loc += a.len();
    WvString ret = loc;
    ret.unique();
    return ret;
}


WvString beforestr(WvStringParm line, WvStringParm a)
{
    if (!line || !a)
	return WvString::null;

    WvString ret = line;
    ret.unique();
    char *loc = strstr(ret.edit(), a);

    if (loc == 0)
	return line;

    loc[0] = '\0';
    return ret;
}


WvString substr(WvString line, unsigned int pos, unsigned int len)
{
    const char *tmp = line.cstr();
    if (pos > line.len()-1)
	return "";
    tmp += pos;

    WvString ret = tmp;
    char *tmp2 = ret.edit();
    if (pos + len < line.len())
	tmp2[len] = '\0';

    return ret;
}

const CStrExtraEscape CSTR_TCLSTR_ESCAPES[3] =
{
    { '{', "\\<" },
    { '}', "\\>" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static inline const char *cstr_escape_char(char ch)
{
    static const char *xlat[256] =
    {
        "\\0", "\\x01", "\\x02", "\\x03", "\\x04", "\\x05", "\\x06", "\\a", 
        "\\b", "\\t", "\\n", "\\v", "\\x0C", "\\r", "\\x0E", "\\x0F", 
        "\\x10", "\\x11", "\\x12", "\\x13", "\\x14", "\\x15", "\\x16", "\\x17", 
        "\\x18", "\\x19", "\\x1A", "\\x1B", "\\x1C", "\\x1D", "\\x1E", "\\x1F", 
        " ", "!", "\\\"", "#", "$", "%", "&", "'", 
        "(", ")", "*", "+", ",", "-", ".", "/", 
        "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", 
        "8", "9", ":", ";", "<", "=", ">", "?", 
        "@", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", 
        "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", 
        "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", 
        "X", "Y", "Z", "[", "\\\\", "]", "^", "_", 
        "`", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", 
        "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", 
        "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", 
        "x", "y", "z", "{", "|", "}", "~", "\\x7F", 
        "\\x80", "\\x81", "\\x82", "\\x83", "\\x84", "\\x85", "\\x86", "\\x87", 
        "\\x88", "\\x89", "\\x8A", "\\x8B", "\\x8C", "\\x8D", "\\x8E", "\\x8F", 
        "\\x90", "\\x91", "\\x92", "\\x93", "\\x94", "\\x95", "\\x96", "\\x97", 
        "\\x98", "\\x99", "\\x9A", "\\x9B", "\\x9C", "\\x9D", "\\x9E", "\\x9F", 
        "\\xA0", "\\xA1", "\\xA2", "\\xA3", "\\xA4", "\\xA5", "\\xA6", "\\xA7", 
        "\\xA8", "\\xA9", "\\xAA", "\\xAB", "\\xAC", "\\xAD", "\\xAE", "\\xAF", 
        "\\xB0", "\\xB1", "\\xB2", "\\xB3", "\\xB4", "\\xB5", "\\xB6", "\\xB7", 
        "\\xB8", "\\xB9", "\\xBA", "\\xBB", "\\xBC", "\\xBD", "\\xBE", "\\xBF", 
        "\\xC0", "\\xC1", "\\xC2", "\\xC3", "\\xC4", "\\xC5", "\\xC6", "\\xC7", 
        "\\xC8", "\\xC9", "\\xCA", "\\xCB", "\\xCC", "\\xCD", "\\xCE", "\\xCF", 
        "\\xD0", "\\xD1", "\\xD2", "\\xD3", "\\xD4", "\\xD5", "\\xD6", "\\xD7", 
        "\\xD8", "\\xD9", "\\xDA", "\\xDB", "\\xDC", "\\xDD", "\\xDE", "\\xDF", 
        "\\xE0", "\\xE1", "\\xE2", "\\xE3", "\\xE4", "\\xE5", "\\xE6", "\\xE7", 
        "\\xE8", "\\xE9", "\\xEA", "\\xEB", "\\xEC", "\\xED", "\\xEE", "\\xEF", 
        "\\xF0", "\\xF1", "\\xF2", "\\xF3", "\\xF4", "\\xF5", "\\xF6", "\\xF7", 
        "\\xF8", "\\xF9", "\\xFA", "\\xFB", "\\xFC", "\\xFD", "\\xFE", "\\xFF"
    };
    return xlat[(unsigned char)ch];
}

static inline int hex_digit_val(char ch)
{
    static int val[256] =
    {
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 
        8, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
    };
    return val[(unsigned char)ch];
}

static inline bool cstr_unescape_char(const char *&cstr, char &ch)
{
    if (*cstr == '\\')
    {
    	++cstr;
    
        switch (*cstr)
        {
            case '"': ch = '"'; break;
            case 't': ch = '\t'; break;
            case 'n': ch = '\n'; break;
    	    case '\\': ch = '\\'; break;
    	    case 'r': ch = '\r'; break;
    	    case 'a': ch = '\a'; break;
    	    case 'v': ch = '\v'; break;
    	    case 'b': ch = '\b'; break;
    	    case '0': ch = '\0'; break;
            case 'x':
            {
                int vals[2];
                int i;
                for (i=0; i<2; ++i)
                {
                    if ((vals[i] = hex_digit_val(*++cstr)) == -1)
                        return false;
                }
                ch = (vals[0] << 4) | vals[1];
            }
            break;
            default: return false;
        }
    	
    	++cstr;
    	
    	return true;
    }
    else
    {
        ch = *cstr++;
        return true;
    }
}

WvString cstr_escape(const void *data, size_t size,
        const CStrExtraEscape extra_escapes[])
{
    if (!data) return WvString::null;

    const char *cdata = (const char *)data;

    WvString result;
    result.setsize(4*size + 3); // We could do better but it would slow us down
    char *cstr = result.edit();
    
    *cstr++ = '\"';
    while (size-- > 0)
    {
    	const char *esc = NULL;
        if (extra_escapes)
        {
            const CStrExtraEscape *extra = &extra_escapes[0];
            while (extra->ch && extra->esc)
            {
                if (*cdata == extra->ch)
                {
                    esc = extra->esc;
                    break;
                }
                
                ++extra;
            }
        }
        if (!esc) esc = cstr_escape_char(*cdata);
        ++cdata;
        while (*esc) *cstr++ = *esc++;
    }
    *cstr++ = '\"';
    *cstr = '\0';
    
    return result;
}

bool cstr_unescape(WvStringParm cstr, void *data, size_t max_size, size_t &size,
        const CStrExtraEscape extra_escapes[])
{
    const char *q = cstr;
    char *cdata = (char *)data;
    
    if (!q) goto misformatted;
    size = 0;
    
    for (;;)
    {
        while (isspace(*q)) q++;
        if (*q == '\0') break;

        if (*q++ != '\"') goto misformatted;
        while (*q && *q != '\"')
        {
            bool found = false;
            char unesc;
            if (extra_escapes)
            {
                const CStrExtraEscape *extra = &extra_escapes[0];
                while (extra->ch && extra->esc)
                {
                    size_t len = strlen(extra->esc);
                    if (strncmp(extra->esc, q, len) == 0)
                    {
                        unesc = extra->ch;
                        q += len;
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    
                    ++extra;
                }
            }
            if (!found && !cstr_unescape_char(q, unesc)) goto misformatted;
            if (size++ < max_size && cdata) *cdata++ = unesc;
        }
        if (*q++ != '\"') goto misformatted;
    }
    
    return size <= max_size;

misformatted:

    size = 0;
    return false;
}

WvString local_date(time_t when)
{
    WvString out;
    out.setsize(80);

    if (when < 0)
        when = time(NULL);

    struct tm *tmwhen = localtime(&when);
    strftime(out.edit(), 80, "%b %d %I:%M:%S %p", tmwhen);

    return out;
}

WvString intl_time(time_t when)
{
    WvString out;
    out.setsize(12);

    if (when < 0)
        when = time(NULL);

    struct tm *tmwhen = localtime(&when); 
    strftime(out.edit(), 12, "%H:%M:%S", tmwhen);

    return out;
}

WvString intl_date(time_t when)
{
    WvString out;
    out.setsize(16);

    if (when < 0)
        when = time(NULL);

    struct tm *tmwhen = localtime(&when); 
    strftime(out.edit(), 16, "%Y-%m-%d", tmwhen);

    return out;
}

WvString intl_datetime(time_t when)
{
    WvString out;
    out.setsize(24);

    if (when < 0)
        when = time(NULL);

    struct tm *tmwhen = localtime(&when); 
    strftime(out.edit(), 24, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tmwhen);

    return out;
}


/**
 * Return the number of seconds by which localtime (at the given timestamp)
 * is offset from GMT.  For example, in Eastern Standard Time, the offset
 * is (-5*60*60) = -18000.
 */
time_t intl_gmtoff(time_t t)
{
    struct tm *l = localtime(&t);
    l->tm_isdst = 0;
    time_t local = mktime(l);
    time_t gmt   = mktime(gmtime(&t));
    
    return local-gmt;
}


// Removes any trailing punctuation ('.', '?', or '!') from the line
WvString depunctuate(WvStringParm line)
{
    WvString ret = line;
    char * edit = ret.edit();
    int last = ret.len() - 1;
    if (edit[last] == '.' || edit[last] == '?' || edit[last] == '!')
        edit[last] = '\0';

    return ret;
}


WvString ptr2str(void* ptr)
{
    char buf[(sizeof(ptr) * 2) + 3];
    int rv;

    rv = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%p", ptr);

    assert(rv != -1);

    return buf;
}